1.5 billion pounds of rye! To be more precise, it should be 1.518 billion pounds. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 Among them, there are 120,000 yugrams in the East Friesian Lam proper, and Marin has 80,000 yugrams. The remaining 40,000 eugrams were all awarded to meritorious soldiers, some of them were the land of supporters of the Bullock family, and some were the land of a few old nobles such as Jeffrey who had taken refuge in Marin.

The average yield per mu of the 120,000 Ugram land in the country reached about 520 pounds, with a total yield of 750 million pounds. Of these, 500 million pounds belonged to Marin's estate, and 250 million pounds belonged to nobles and officers.

The 160,000 yugram rye fields in the principalities of Oldenburg and Schleswig have a total yield of 768 million pounds, with an average yield of about 400 pounds per mu. Marin forcibly took custody of 120,000 of the 120,000 yugrams. Excluding the cost of cultivation (such as seeds and animal power) and the expenses of serfs (including food), as well as the 50 pounds of rye per mu paid to the trusteeship nobles, Marlin received an average of 250 pounds of rye per acre. All in all, on the 120,000 yugram land under trusteeship, Marin can also get 360 million pounds of rye. Counting the 500 million pounds of rye produced by the 80,000 Ugram cultivated land in the homeland, the new grain harvested by Marin in the autumn reached a terrifying 860 million pounds.

In addition, in the Jävre region, Marin converted all of the 8,000 eugrams of the local arable land to oats to meet the needs of the horses. At the time of the autumn harvest, those oat fields yielded about 200 pounds per acre, and a total of 19.2 million pounds of oats were harvested. In this way, the horses in the territory, plus the alfalfa grass that Marin vigorously promotes and grows, will not worry about fodder.

What's more, in the twin islands of North America, soybeans are also produced in large quantities. At that time, the war horse will enjoy the high treatment of soybeans and oats in exchange.

Because of the bumper harvest every year, the nobles and officials under Marin have all become rich. When you become a rich man, you naturally pay attention to the quality of life. Rye bread was disliked by the aristocracy because of its average taste and a bit of bitterness. Now, as soon as the autumn harvest is over, the nobles of East Friesian Lamb send their grain to Marin, so that Marin's shipping company can sell the rye abroad. In addition, they proposed to exchange rye for wheat.

Because, the nobles were addicted to eating white bread. Since eating fluffy white bread with cream, the nobles under Marin's command are less willing to eat black bread.

White bread is made from wheat flour sifted with wheat bran removed, fermented with brewer's yeast, and spices, cream, and honey added to make it taste sweet. Well, it's probably at the level of a bakery in later generations.

It is easy to go from thrift to luxury, and it is difficult to go from luxury to thrift. Because of the lack of money, the East Frisian nobles now have switched to eating white bread, and no longer look down on rustic and bitter black bread.

You know, in the early Middle Ages, white bread was also known as queen's bread, and only the great nobles could afford to eat it. If any soldier was rewarded with "Queen's Bread" by the king, it would be a very high honor.

The reason why wheat bread is so expensive is because the wheat yield is too low......

If the yield of rye per mu is more than 100 pounds, then the yield of wheat per mu in most of Western Europe is only a few dozen pounds. In many areas, the harvest ratio of wheat is only 1 to 2. What does that mean? That is, if you plant 30 pounds of wheat seeds on an acre of land, you can only harvest 60 pounds of wheat in the fall......

According to the records of the previous life Marin read, in the Middle Ages in England, the yield of wheat per mu (here refers to acres) was 8~9 bushels. And a bushel of wheat is 58 pounds. Converted, the yield of wheat per mu in a city is only between 77.3~87 pounds.

Because of the low yield and the preference for a warm climate, wheat was very expensive in Europe during this era, about five times that of rye.

The reason for the low yield of wheat is that Marin, a pseudo-agricultural expert, believes that there are two main factors. The first is the lack of fertilizers. Without fertilization, where is the high yield? The second is the low level of irrigation in Europe.

Unlike rye, rye itself is a hybrid between weeds and wheat, with weed genes and tenacious vitality. Wheat, on the other hand, is much more delicate.

During the growing period of wheat, especially in the early stage, there is a high demand for water. If irrigation is not artificially made, it will lead to water shortage, which will greatly affect the yield. Because, if there is a lack of water in the early stage, it will lead to stunted growth of wheat.

However, the Europeans in the Middle Ages were severely lacking in trap irrigation technology. In fact, as early as the Roman Empire, the Romans had already developed trap irrigation technology, and they also developed such advanced things as pozzolanic cement.

However, after the fall of Western Rome, many trap techniques in Europe were lost, and the technology went back hundreds of years, almost back to the level before the establishment of the Roman Empire.

Therefore, the European peasants in the Middle Ages did not know how to dig irrigation canals, let alone dig the ditches used for flood irrigation. Therefore, for wheat that requires a lot of water, Western Europeans can't grow it well, and the yield per mu hovers around dozens of pounds, and the harvest ratio is often only about 1 to 2.

On the other hand, rye does not need much management because of its weed genes, and it does not require much water, so it is very suitable for low-tech Europeans to grow. So, in the Middle Ages, rye became the mainstream, while wheat, only a few people cultivated. In this context, it is reasonable that wheat is expensive.

A few decades ago, the Italians introduced advanced irrigation technology from the Arab region, that is, the technique of digging irrigation canals and ditches. So, on the Italian side, we started to look at growing wheat. Because of the abundant water supply, the wheat yield in Italy is very high, almost as good as rye.

As a result, Italy is said to have become a treasure land. Sicily, for example, has the title of "Golden Basin".

However, the Europeans of this era are stupid. Europeans in other countries don't know that this is because Italy has introduced advanced irrigation technology from the Arab region, and they think that Italy's soil is fertile.

In order to occupy this fertile land, the two great powers, France and Spain, set their sights on Italy, intending to annex this fertile land.

Then there was the "Italian War", which lasted for decades......

If the Italians knew that they had been coveted by the demons and ducks because they had introduced the advanced irrigation technology of the Arabs, they would have regretted it. Or, they will offer advanced irrigation technology to the two great powers. However, this matter, not to mention the magic demon and the duck is not clear, the Italians themselves can't tell, and they really think that it is the credit of the volcanic ash soil. Although it is true that the soil is more fertile than the average soil, it is not the only reason......

……

When he heard that all the nobles had asked him to hurry up and go south to exchange wheat for wheat so that he could make them white bread, Marin couldn't help but laugh. Isn't it wheat bread, as for it?

Originally, Marin was going to grow wheat in the country. However, considering that we have now entered the early Xiaoice century, northern Germany is colder, and rye is easier to grow.

As a result, Marin planned to open up a large number of wheat fields in the twin islands of North America, where summer temperatures were high, and grow wheat there. Moreover, it is to grow winter wheat.

The reason why it's winter wheat instead of spring wheat is because winter wheat is more delicious......

It just so happens that the autumn harvest is over, and it is the season to plant winter wheat. To this end, Marin sent ships with large quantities of wheat to the Twin Islands, so that the new Governor of the Twin Islands could carve out large tracts of land for the cultivation of winter wheat on the newly developed island of Columbus. By the time next summer, the winter wheat would be almost ripe and ready to be shipped back for the country's aristocracy.

Moreover, Leonardo da Vinci has successfully developed the Archimedes screw pump according to Marin's requirements. With steam engines and screw pumps, it's not too easy to irrigate farmland. No matter how much water is needed for wheat, what can it be done by steam engines and Archimedes screw pumps?

It is precisely for this reason that Marin did not choose to grow wheat locally. The steam engine cannot be exposed at present, otherwise, if Marin wants to seize the coal-rich Ruhr area in the future, there will be many competitors, and the difficulty will be greatly increased. After all, knowing the great use of coal, the coal mines in the Ruhr area will become a sweet spot, attracting many people to scramble.

The North American twin islands are very remote, and no one from other countries comes. The use of steam engines and pumps here is something that no one sees, and it does not affect Marin's plot to seize the Ruhr area. When the Ruhr area is in hand and the steam engine is available in Europe, there will be no problem. Moreover, in this era, with the scientific and technological level of other countries, if you don't give reference to the real thing, if you want to imitate it, the difficulty is absolutely hell......