Chapter 81: Yicang
In the world, natural and man-made disasters are unpredictable, and food reserves cannot be underestimated.
Xihan Jiayi said: "The accumulator is the great life of the world!" Accumulation and storage of grain is the most important task in governing the country and securing the country.
Ordinary people also understand the principle of "the people take food as the sky", so they have to store grain for famine since ancient times, and the imperial court or government in ancient times had no time or could not take care of it, so there was a "righteous warehouse" setting.
Yicang is a granary used by local people to store grain for disaster relief and self-help in the old days. From the point of view of the common people donating food to help each other, it is called a righteous warehouse. In ancient times, the common people were fifty for a "society", because the warehouse was located in the countryside and was managed by the "president", so it was also called "community warehouse", which was from the grain storage place, the amount of grain was not much, and it was stored in the ancestral hall and temple; If the quantity is too large to fit, special granaries can only be built to store it.
But the Yicang founded by Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty is different, the Yicang founded by Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty in the previous life is a move to balance the regional economy, Shaofu and Dasi Nong regularly according to the report of the salt and iron yamen officials in various places, and transport all kinds of daily necessities to various places, so in the Han Dynasty except for the year of the catastrophe, few people hoard materials in the Han Dynasty and prepare to increase prices, because once Shaofu and Dasi Nong get the news, they will non-stop to transport materials to the local area to calm prices, and then the local government will cut off your head to set the record straight and calm the people's grievances.
After Huo Guang listened to the words of the Son of Heaven who wanted to cover up, he understood that Han Zeng was just a shield, and the Son of Heaven himself was not sure of his idea, so he pushed Han Zeng out to see the reaction of the ministers.
Huo Guang glanced at Han Zeng and found that Han Zeng did not have a little mood swing, and he was deeply rooted in the true biography of his Laozi Han, the relationship between the Han family and the Liu family was extremely close, and even when Emperor Xiaowu was in the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, the status of the Wei and Huo families in the hearts of the Son of Heaven was ranked after the Han family.
Looking at Huo Shan beside the Son of Heaven, Huo Guang sighed deeply, if Huo Shan had Han Zeng's four-point power scheming kung fu, he could also retire from the heavenly years, and retreated bravely!!
Huo Guang couldn't help but sigh again when he thought of this, stood up and bowed to the Son of Heaven on the main throne above: "Dare to ask Your Majesty, what is the name of this warehouse?" Who governs it? Is there any other use besides disaster relief? ”
Hearing Huo Guang's question, Liu Xun knew that there was no way for his desire to cover up the eyes of Huo Guang, so that it was not as bright as Zhengda, Liu Xun thought about it and said: "I set it as Yicang, righteousness is the right reason in the world, and the Tao is the common in the world. One is etiquette, two is righteousness, three is honest, and four is shame! Saving the people of Li from fire and water is a righteous act in itself!! ”
"Today, one husband is holding five mouths, governing one hundred acres of land, and one and a half stones per mu are harvested annually, which is one hundred and fifty stones of corn, and the remaining one hundred and thirty-five stones are left in addition to the tax of eleven fifteen stones.
Food, one and a half stones per month, five people are 90 stones of millet at the end of the year, and there are 45 stones left.
Stone thirty, for money three hundred and fifty,
In addition to the shrine of the New Spring and Autumn Festival, the money is three hundred, and the remaining one thousand and fifty.
Clothing, the rate of people is three hundred, five people use five thousand five hundred at the end of the year, less than four hundred and fifty.
Unfortunately, the cost of death and death due to illness, and the upper endowment, and not with this, this farmer is often poor
And Yicang is to solve the people's hardship, but Yicang is not only used for this purpose, the survival of the people of the county and the country of the world is hard, but also to bear the pain of forced labor, and it is my responsibility to protect the four people, so Han Qing thought about what I thought, so he came up with this idea, and came up with this method of benefiting the people and loving the people for the common people in the world!! ”
(In fact, the common people of the Han family were not as happy as they were in later generations, according to Liu Xun's words just now, the entire grain income of a peasant family of five was worth about 4,500 yuan, and after deducting the eleventh tax, rations, sacrifices, and clothes, not only did there be no surplus, but also a deficit of 450 yuan.) Even if it is calculated according to the thirty draw, it is still a loss of 150 yuan, and the tax exemption can only break even. )
Hearing this, everyone in the hall became concentrated, the new monarch has been on the throne for almost 100 days, although Huo Guang is still in power, but it does not mean that there is no real power today, as the so-called text carries the Tao, peeks at a glimpse and sees the whole leopard, and looks at the big with the small, you will know what ideas you have about governing the country today, what policies will be implemented, and everyone should keep up with the rhythm as soon as possible.
Liu Xun continued: "The peasant households in the world bear the highest taxes and servitude, but when the world is peaceful and prosperous, they are deceived by corrupt officials and landlords, and when the wind and rain are good, they have to sell their sons and daughters to repay their debts, and I can never bear it, so the root of Yicang is to collect the surplus materials, grain, cloth, etc. of the people's lives, and purchase them according to the market price of Pingjia or give vouchers to offset the forced labor, the chief official of the Shaofu, what questions does the prime minister have??? ”
After listening to Liu Xun's description, Huo Guang was still thinking carefully in his heart about whether it was feasible, and at this time, the Shaofu ordered Chen Wannian to stand up and ask: "Dare to ask Your Majesty, the minister has something unclear, and it is the emperor's grace to set up a righteous warehouse in the world, and the subjects of the world are all admired, but the minister is ignorant, and he doesn't know how much food he needs to spend a year to implement this book. Guangguan in the anointed land, the annual harvest of wheat corn thousands of stones, if collected according to the price of Pingjia, Shaofu will not be able to afford it, and there are so many anointed places in the world, I am afraid that even if the wealth of Shaofu is exhausted, it will be difficult to do it!! ”
Chen Wannian's words made all the Jiuqing sitting here fall into contemplation again, Liu Xun thought of this question before this, in the eyes of the ministers, Yicang is a way to buy people's hearts today, but what they didn't expect is that Yicang is also a business that only makes money and does not lose money.
Chang'an, the capital of the Han Dynasty, transported the grain collected from the Yellow River basin to Guanzhong every year, and transported a large amount of grain from Guandong every year to meet the needs of the nobles, officials and troops in the Guanzhong region, the cost of Cao transferred to Guanzhong, the cost was huge, it took a long time, and there was a lot of manpower mobilized, especially the Cao boat had to pass through the danger of the Sanmenxia pillar of the Yellow River, connecting the three major water systems of the Yellow River, the Huai River and the Yangtze River, forming a new water transport channel that communicated the north and south, and laid the foundation of the Grand Canal in later generations.
In the past dynasties, Caoyun ensured the grain needed by the military and civilians in Beijing and the north, which was conducive to the unification of the country, and because of the transportation of grain and commercial goods, it was conducive to the communication between the economy and commodity circulation between the north and the south; However, it is also a heavy burden on the people, and the cost of freight is too high, especially in the case of conscription, the conscription and distribution of goods, the long service, and the misuse of agricultural time, so there are also many drawbacks.
The earliest recorded Cao Yun is in 486 B.C., Wu Wangfucha developed Hangou, communicating the Yangtze River and Huai River, and three years later, Wu Wangfucha expanded Hangou, opened the Heshui Canal, and connected Surabaya.
The Chinese feudal dynasties transported part of the grain levied from Tianfu to Jingshi or other designated places. The purpose of transporting grain was to provide for the consumption of the court, the payment of military salaries, and the adjustment of civilian food. This kind of grain is called Cao Grain, and the transportation of Cao Grain is called Cao Yun, and there are three ways: river transportation, water and land transportation and sea transportation. In the narrow sense, water transportation only refers to river transportation that transports grain through canals and communicates with natural rivers.
When Emperor Xiaowu was Emperor, why did he open a three-hundred-mile canal, because the entire land of Guanzhong could not support the people of Guanzhong!!
In the first year of Emperor Xiaowu's Yuan Feng (110 BC), according to Sang Hongyang's suggestion, the people were ordered to make up for their sins, and the agricultural officials increased their production, and the grain in the government's hands increased greatly, and Caoyun once increased to 6 million stone per year, which generally remained at about 4 million stone per year.
Cao used 60,000 soldiers, managed by the local guards of the Cao, along the way the county magistrates also led the Cao affairs, and the Cao grain was imported into Taicang, to which Dasi Nong belonged.
In addition, when Emperor Wu used troops and developed the southwest for many years, the grain needed by the army was also transported at a huge cost, and even a stone was transferred, which cost more than ten minutes of grain along the way, which greatly increased the burden on the people of Guanzhong.
In the sixth year of Emperor Xiaowu Yuanguang (129 BC), according to the suggestion of the great farmer Zheng at that time, it took three years to dig an artificial canal parallel to the Wei River along the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, so that the distance and time of waterway transportation from Tongguan to Chang'an were greatly shortened, the transportation cost was reduced, and the fields along the canal could also receive the benefits of irrigation.
In today's situation, the country stands by the soldiers, the soldiers take food as their life, and food is based on transportation.
In addition, the salinization of the Yellow Flood area has increased, the arable land has decreased sharply, and the economic status of the north has been relatively reduced, but Guanzhong is still the political and military center of gravity of the country.
And now Liu Xun's big immigration policy has just begun, and the more food the better!!