Battle of Nagasaka Slope

In July of the thirteenth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao began his southern expedition, and he asked Xun for a plan, and Xun said: "Now let them contradict each other to unify Huaxia (Yellow River Valley)." , the south has been shaken, let it contradict each other should pursue the power of the rapid emergence of leaves, Wan, then Jing Xiang fear, can be used to pacify Jingzhou. (Note 2)

In August, Liu Biao fell ill and died, and sure enough, Liu Bei listened to and persuaded Cao Cao to go to Wancheng to give up Xinye, and to Xiangyang, Liu Cong surrendered to Cao Cao. At this time, everything was too smooth, and Cao Cao had basically reached the completion of this southward combat strategy.

There is only one left, Liu Bei, who has always been an enemy, and at this moment he is fleeing to Dangyang with "100,000 people", and he will go to the military town of Jiangqiu. Here, Cao Cao sent his elite troops, "5,000 tigers and leopards", "walked more than 300 miles in one day and one night", caught up with Liu Bei in Changsaka, and defeated the main force of Liu's army, "obtained the baggage of his two daughters, and gathered the fleeing soldiers". (Note 3).

The statement of "The Biography of Liu Bei in the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms": "The ancestor abandoned his wife and children, and fled with dozens of horsemen such as Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun, and Cao Cao obtained a large number of men and horses. ”

"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Zhang Fei" records: "Cao Cao pursued, one day and one night, and in Dangyang Changhan." When Liu Bei heard that Cao Cao had died, he abandoned his wife and children and fled, leaving Zhang Fei to lead twenty cavalry to break the rear. Fei occupied the water broken bridge, and said angrily: "I am Zhang Yide, I can come to fight to the death!" "The enemy will not dare to come near, so he will be spared."

"The Biography of Zhao Yun in the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" recorded: "When Liu Bei was chased by Cao Cao in Dangyang Changhan, abandoned his wife and children and fled south, saying that he was holding the child, he was the queen master, and he protected Mrs. Gan, that is, the queen mother, and all survived. ”

In general, its form has many similarities with the description of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", except that Cao Cao did not have an army of 830,000. It should be said that this pursuit battle showed the strong combat effectiveness of the elite cavalry of the Cao army, which illustrated Liu Bei's lifelong experience in fighting horses.

The naval army led by Guan Yu met Liu Bei in Hanjin, so that they did not suffer from annihilation, and Liu Bei fled to Xiakou. The attempt to occupy Jiangling against Cao Cao failed.

Cao Cao led his troops to occupy Jiangling and obtained a large number of strategic supplies for warships, so that Cao Cao decided to go further south and completely eliminate Liu Bei and Sun Quan.

As early as Cao Cao's southern expedition, Sun Quan transferred his troops to Chaisang and sent Lu Su to Jingzhou to investigate the situation (Note 4). As a result, Liu Biao died, but he saw Liu Bei, and the two sides decided to form an alliance, and Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang as an envoy to Eastern Wu.

Zhou Yu Chibi defeated Cao Cao

Liu Bei garrisoned Fankou, and every time the heavens sent patrolling soldiers to watch Sun Quan's army by the river. When the soldiers saw Zhou Yu's fleet, they immediately rode back to the camp to report to Liu Bei. Liu Bei sent people to comfort him. Zhou Yu said to the comforters: "I have a military mission to do, I can't send someone else to act as an agent, if Liu Bei can deign to come to the meeting, it is actually in line with our wishes." Liu Bei took a boat to see Zhou Yu and said, "It is really a wise decision to resist Cao Cao now." I don't know how many soldiers there are? Zhou Yu said: "30,000 people. Liu Bei persuaded: "It's a pity that there are too few." Zhou Yu said: "This is not enough, the general will see me defeat Cao Cao." Liu Bei wanted to summon Lu Su and others to talk together, Zhou Yu said: "Accept the military order, you must not entrust an agent at will, if you let them contradict each other and want to see Lu Su, you can use another visit to others." Liu Bei was already ashamed and ashamed, but also very happy.

Zhou Yu's army continued to advance and met Cao Cao at Chibi.

At that time, there was a plague in Cao Cao's troops. The two sides fought for the first time, and Cao Cao's army was defeated and retreated to the north bank of the Yangtze River. Zhou Yu and others were stationed on the south bank of the Yangtze River, and Zhou Yu's general Huang Gai said: "Now that the enemy is outnumbered, it is difficult to confront each other for a long time. Cao Cao is connecting the warships together, end to end, and can use fire to defeat Cao Cao. So he selected ten Mengchong warships, loaded them with dried dike and dry firewood, poured sesame oil on them, wrapped them in curtains, planted flags on them, prepared speedboats in advance, and tied them to the stern. Huang Gai first sent a letter to Cao Cao, lying that he intended to surrender. At that time, the southeast wind was strong, and Huang Gai's warships were in the front, and when they reached the center of the river, they raised their sails, and the rest of the ships advanced in turn. The officers and soldiers in Cao Cao's army all came out of the camp and stood and watched, pointing to the boat, saying that Huang Gai had come to surrender. There were still two miles away from Cao's army, and the ten ships were ignited at the same time, the fire was very strong, the wind was very strong, and the ships flew forward like arrows, burning all the warships of Cao Cao's army, and the fire spread to the camp that Cao Cao still set up on land. In an instant, thick smoke and fire covered the sky and sun, and countless soldiers and horses of Cao soldiers were burned and drowned. Zhou Yu and others led the lightly armed elite soldiers to follow closely behind, the drums shook the sky, and Cao Cao was defeated. Cao Cao led the army to retreat on foot from Huarong Road, but encountered mud, the road was impassable, and the sky was blowing with strong winds. Cao Cao asked all the old and weak soldiers to spread grass on the road, and the cavalry barely passed. The old and weak soldiers were trampled by the men and horses, and they were stuck in the mud, and many died. Liu Bei and Zhou Yu advanced together by land and water (the two armies) and pursued Cao Cao all the way to Nanjun. At that time, Cao Cao was hungry and sick, and most of them died. Cao Cao left Cao Ren, the general of Zhengnan, and Xu Huang, the general of Moye, to guard Jiangling, and the general Lejin to guard Xiangyang, and led the army back to the north.

Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu led tens of thousands of horses and horses to confront Cao Ren across the Yangtze River, and there was no war yet. Gan Ning asked to go and capture Yiling directly. Gan Ning led his troops to go, and as soon as he arrived, he occupied Yiling, so he entered the city to defend. Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang's subordinate general Xi Su led the whole army to surrender. Zhou Yu went to the table and asked to use the troops of the attack on Su to expand the forces of Yokono Zhonglang General Lü Meng. Lü Meng praised Xi Su very much, saying: "Xi Su has courage and talent, and he admires naturalization and has come all the way to defect. Logically, their forces should be expanded, not deprived of their military power. Sun Quan agreed with Lü Meng's opinion and returned to the army to act as an agent in the raid. Cao Ren sent troops to surround Gan Ning, who was trapped and in a critical situation, and asked Zhou Yu for help. The generals of the Wu army believed that the troops were weak and could no longer send reinforcements to save Gan Ning. Lü Meng said to Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu: "Leave Ling Tong to garrison Jiangling, I and Ren Qi contradict each other to go to relieve the siege, it will also take too long, I guarantee that Ling Tong can maintain it for ten days." Zhou Yu agreed, "their suggestion, defeated Cao Ren's army at Yiling, and returned with 300 horses." Here, the morale of the whole army doubled, and Zhou Yu crossed the Yangtze River, garrisoned the north bank, and held Cao Ren. In December, Sun Quan personally led an army to besiege Hefei and sent Zhang Zhao to lead an army to attack Dangtu, which belonged to Jiujiang County, but failed to conquer it.

Liu Bei recommended Liu Qi to the imperial court to serve as the assassin of Yizhou, and led the army south to seize the four counties in the south of Jingzhou. Wuling Taishou Jin Xuan, Changsha Taishou Han Xuan, Guiyang Taishou Zhao Fan, and Lingling Taishou Liu Du all surrendered. Lei Xu, the commander of the Lujiang battalion, led tens of thousands of his subordinates to surrender to Liu Bei. Liu Bei appointed Zhuge Liang as the commander of the military division, and sent him to supervise the three counties of Lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha, and collect taxes to supplement military supplies. He also appointed Zhao Yun, a partial general, to concurrently serve as the Taishou of Guiyang.

Prior to this, Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang listened to the news of Cao Cao's occupation of Jingzhou and sent Zhang Song to pay tribute to Cao Cao. Zhang Song was short in stature and debauched in behavior, but he was sensible and shrewd and decisive. Cao Cao had pacified Jingzhou at that time, and Liu Bei fled cunningly, and no longer received Zhang Song as cordially as he had treated the Magi before. The chief bookkeeper Yang suggested that Cao Cao recruit Zhang Song as a subordinate, but Cao Cao did not take it. Zhang Song was resentful because of this, and after returning to Yizhou, he persuaded Liu Zhang to break off relations with Cao Cao and make friends with Liu Bei, and Liu Zhang complied.

Let's talk about why Cao Cao failed

Cao Cao's deployment:

Cao Cao obtained Jiangling before October of the thirteenth year of Jian'an, with hundreds of thousands of troops. On the one hand, he ordered Wen to be hired as a general, "let him lead the northern army", and guard the Jiangxia border. On the one hand, he personally led a large army to continue southward to Wulin, preparing to land in Chibi.

So does Cao Cao want the absolute main force to be arranged on the front line of Wulin? The answer is yes.

"Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Cao Ren" records: The entourage pacified Jingzhou, conquered the southern general with benevolence, stayed in Jiangling, and resisted Zhou Yu, the general of Wu.

"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Cao Chun" records: Following the conquest of Jingzhou, Liu Bei chased after Changsaka, obtained two vehicles, and gathered the fleeing soldiers. Enter and surrender to Gangneung.

"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Lejin" records: Later, he followed the pacification of Jingzhou and was stationed in Xiangyang.

"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Xu Huang" records: Follow the conquest of Jingzhou, and garrison Fancheng.

& lt; & lt; The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Manchu Pet" records: In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, he followed Taizu to conquer Jingzhou. The army returned, leaving a full of favors and serving as a general of Fenwei, and the troops were stationed in the sun.

"Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Zhao Yan" records: Taizu conquered Jingzhou, and Zhao Yan concurrently served as the Taishou of Zhangling, and was reappointed as the governor of the army, and Yuwen protected the seven armies of Ban, Zhang Liao, Zhang, Zhu Ling, Li Dian, Lu Zhao, and Feng Kai.

It can be seen that Cao Cao's generals are almost all in Qi, are these generals dead and have reached Wulin and stayed in Jingzhou? The answer is uncertain.

The so-called "stay-at-home" illustrates the deployment of non-Ulin before the battle, and after that.

You must know that "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is orthodox to Wei, and the Battle of Chibi is Cao Cao's pollution point, so naturally it will be written more, and there will be no specific situation in the world, for example, Cao Cao's foreign surname will be banned, and their biography does not even have the words "follow the pacification of Jingzhou", if it is not mentioned in "The Biography of Zhao Yan", we have no other evidence of reaching Jingzhou.

Another example is Zhang Liao, mentioned in Yu Xin's "Wailing Jiangnan Fu": "Zhang Liao is in Chibi, and the king is in Baqiu."

It can be seen that Cao Cao's main force is fully driven to Chibi. He hoped to use the Jingzhou naval army as the main force, and then use the absolute superiority of the forces to cross the river, they overestimated the Jingzhou naval army, and underestimated the Wu army and the Yangtze River.

2. Cao Cao's mistakes:

In fact, Zhou Yu has already had a very incisive discussion on this issue, and the four points of other analysis should be said to be Cao Cao's fatal wounds.

(1) Ma Chao and Han Sui were in Kansai and became Cao Cao's troubles.

The Kwansai army had always been a threat to Cao Cao.

Moreover, abandoning the pommel horse (2), relying on ships, and competing with Wu Yue is not China's strong point at all;

Cao Cao also understood this truth, what he hoped was to appoint the Jingzhou Navy to fight against the Wu army, but unfortunately he was wrong, and the contact battle before the Battle of Chibi proved everything. That's why Cao Cao locked the warship, but it was precisely because of this that he was attacked by the enemy. In the final analysis, it was caused by the unsuccessful trolls.

In addition, it is very cold now (iii) and the horse has no draft;

"The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" "The Biography of Sun Quan" records: You burned other ships to retreat, the soldiers starved and plagued, and most of the people died. It can be seen that there is forage after the death of the war horse, and the people are not much better, and hunger and plague are the two major problems that plague Cao Cao. Such troops make it difficult to achieve victory even if they are numerous.

(4) The soldiers who drove the Central Plains to come all the way to the rivers and lakes were bound to get sick if they did not adapt to the water and soil.

The Biography of Cao Cao in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. : You go to Chibi and fight with Liu Bei, which is unfavorable. So there was a great plague, and many soldiers died, so they led the army back. So Liu Bei had Jingzhou and Jiangnan counties.

"Jiangbiao Biography" records: (Cao Cao) later wrote to Sun Quan and said: "In the Battle of Chibi, when I was sick, I burned the boat and retreated, so that Zhou Yu won this name in vain. "The plague has become a key factor in the game.

(5) The people who have newly received the type table have not yet returned to their hearts.