Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi (winter 187 - June 29, 226), the name Zihuan. Pei Guoqiao (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province) was born. He was a famous politician and writer during the Three Kingdoms period, and the founding emperor of Cao Wei (reigned 220-226). The eldest son of Emperor Cao Cao and Lady Bian of Emperor Wu of Wei.

Cao Pi is both civil and military, eight years old can pick up a pen for writing, good at riding and shooting, good at fencing, read ancient and modern scriptures, and is familiar with the hundred schools of thought. In the twenty-second year of Jian'an (217), Cao Pi was made the prince of Wei. In the twenty-fifth year of Jian'an (220), Cao Cao died, and Cao Pi succeeded him as prime minister and king of Wei. In the same year, Cao Pi ascended the throne by Chan and replaced the Han dynasty with Wei, ending the rule of the Han Dynasty for more than 400 years and establishing the Wei state.

During Cao Pi's reign, he pacified border troubles. Defeated Xianbei, reconciled with the Xiongnu, Di, Qiang and other foreign Yi, and restored the establishment of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions. In addition to military and political affairs, Cao Pi has been good at literature since childhood, and has made achievements in poetry, fu, and literature, especially good at five-word poetry, and his father Cao Cao and younger brother Cao Zhi, and called "Three Cao", which is now preserved in two volumes of "Emperor Wei Wendi". In addition, Cao Pi is the author of "Treatise on Classics", in which "Essays" is the first systematic treatise on literary criticism in the history of Chinese literature.

In the seventh year of the early Huang dynasty (226), Cao Pi died of illness in Luoyang at the age of forty. The temple name is Gaozu ("Zizhi Tongjian" as Shizu), the name of Emperor Wen, and he was buried in the Shouyang Mausoleum.

In the winter of the fourth year of Hanzhongping (187), Cao Pi was born in Qiao. Cao Pi's bright talent and good educational growth environment gave him profound literary literacy. When he was growing up at a young age, he read extensively and "recited poems less, commented, and prepared for the Five Classics, the Four Classics, the History, the Han Dynasty, and the words of the hundred schools of thought. "It laid a solid foundation for future literary creation. In the third year of the first peace (192), Cao Cao thought that the current army was in chaos and taught Cao Pi to learn archery. Cao Pi learned archery at the age of six, Cao Cao taught Cao Pi to ride a horse, and Cao Pi learned it at the age of eight. Cao Pi began to fight in the north and south with his father at the age of ten, and his long military life tempered his strong physique, enriched his knowledge and knowledge, and accumulated a lot of material for his poetry creation. With the continuous growth of his age and experience, the spiritual impact brought by the harsh living environment gradually formed his unique depressed character temperament.

In the second year of Jian'an (197), Cao Pi followed Cao Cao to the south to conquer Zhang Xiu, Zhang Xiu first surrendered and then rebelled, Cao Cao's eldest son Cao Ang and nephew Cao Anmin were killed, and Cao Pi, who was only ten years old, escaped on horseback. In the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Cao Pi followed Cao Cao to attack Yecheng and accepted Yuan Xi's wife Zhen.

In the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210), Cao Pi was recommended by Situ Zhao Wen, and Cao Cao thought that Zhao Wen recommended his son not because of his true talent, so he made the servant Shou Guanglu Xun Xi worry about holding the festival and dismissing Zhao Wen from his official position.

In the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211), he served as the general and deputy prime minister of the five officials. In the eighteenth year of Jian'an (213), Cao Cao took Cao Pi and others back to his hometown in Bozhou to worship the grave. After the event, Cao Pi and others rode horses to visit the view, passed through the East Garden, followed the vortex river, passed through the high forest, stayed on the horse and wrote the "Linvort Fu". In the twenty-first year of Jian'an (216), Cao Pi took his son Cao Rong and Princess Dongxiang to follow Cao Cao to conquer Sun Quan.

Cao Pi was Cao Cao's second son, and after Cao Ang's death, Cao Cao also planned to pass on the throne to Cao Chong, who was born to Mrs. Huan. Cao Chong's character Cangshu is a child prodigy, and his intelligence is already "like an adult" when he is five or six years old. He was not only brilliant and brilliant, but also benevolent and loving by nature, and often tried to excuse those who accidentally committed mistakes. For this reason, he was deeply favored by Cao Cao. It's a pity that the heavens don't bless the Cao family, but such a Ning Xin'er died of illness at the age of thirteen. After his death, Cao Cao once said to Cao Pi: "This is my misfortune, and you Cao Cao's luck." Later, Cao Pi often said to people: "If Cangshu is here, I will have no world." However, the versatile Cao Pi was followed by another Cao Zhi, whose romantic writing was even better than that of his brother, and he was deeply favored by Cao Cao. As a result, there was a dispute between the Pi and Zhi brothers for succession[1].

Cao Cao has been hesitant about establishing an heir for a long time, and it is inevitable that it will not affect his subordinates. After a long time, two groups gradually formed among the subordinates, the pro-Pi faction and the pro-planting faction. The pro-Pi faction has Huan Jie, Xing Yi, Wu Zhen, Jia Xu, etc., and the pro-Zhi faction has Ding Hui, Ding Yi, Yang Xiu, Kong Gui, Yang Jun, etc., each of them has formed a party membership, designed and plotted, created public opinion, deceived me, and dumped each other. Yang Xiu in the Yongzhi faction is a wise and resourceful man, and as Cao Cao's main book, he is particularly well-informed, which is very beneficial to Cao Zhi. But because he "acts willfully, does not encourage himself, and does not drink modestly." And Cao Cao was displeased. In the twenty-second year of Jian'an (217), Cao Pi used various stratagems, with the help of Sima Yi, Wu Zhen and other ministers, defeated his younger brother Cao Zhi in the battle for inheritance and was made the prince of Wei.

In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Wei Wei conspired to attack Yecheng, and Chen Yi, who was an accomplice with him, surrendered, and Cao Pi led the crowd to pacify and kill Wei Wei.

In the first month of the first year of Yankang (220 years), Cao Cao died in Luoyang, and Cao Pi inherited the throne from Yecheng to Luoyang, called the king of Wei, and rebuilt An for the first year of Yankang for 25 years. Cao Pi, who had just ascended to a high position and held power, couldn't help but feel a little excited and satisfied in the face of the sudden transfer of power. In the face of the country that he took over from his father, he deeply felt that fulfilling his father's legacy of reviving the country's strength and realizing reunification would be a long-term responsibility in his life.

Cao Pi learned a lesson from the chaotic history of discipline in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and quickly concentrated power in his hands to stabilize the situation of the regime. He is well aware of the importance of consolidating his throne of power only by strengthening and consolidating his centralized power. From the outset, he started from the internal checks and balances of power and reacted quickly. He co-opted and nurtured his own political power, redistributed his share of the pie of power, and at the same time cracked down on dissident forces. In February, Jia Xu was appointed as the Tai Lieutenant, Hua Xin as the Xiangguo, and Wang Lang as the Imperial Doctor. He was appointed as a general. The kings of Khotan, Fuyu Shan Yu, Yanqi, and Khotan all sent envoys to dedicate. In May, he canonized the surrendered bandits Zheng Gan and Wang Zhao as liehous, and ordered Su Ze to oversee the army to quell the rebellions of Wuwei, Jiuquan and Zhangye. In July, Sun Quan sent an envoy to dedicate, and in the same month, he ordered Xiahou Shang, Xu Huang and Shu to join forces with Meng Dali to recover the three counties of Shangyong. Yang Fu, the king of Wudu, led the people to attach it and lived in Hanyang County. In the first afternoon, he was stationed in Qian with the army, and comforted the Sixth Army and the elders of Qian County with wine and food in the east of Yi.

In November, an edict was issued to collect and pay tribute to the fallen soldiers. Yi Mao, Han Xian Emperor Chan let, Cao Pi three times on the letter to resign. Xin Wei, Cao Pi Deng was called the emperor by Chantai, changed the Yuan Huang Chu, changed Luoyang to Luoyang, and granted amnesty to the world. In November of the first year of the early Huang Dynasty (220), Wanhu in Shanyangyi, Hanoi County, was honored as Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty.

Cao Pi has always advocated conquest and is eager to realize his ambition to unify mountains and rivers as soon as possible. He actively rushed to the battlefield and twice raised his army to attack Wu. In the second year of the early Huang dynasty (221), Sun Quan of Wu attacked Liu Bei, Guan Yu was defeated and killed in Maicheng, and then collected the land of Jingxiang. Sun Quan was afraid that Liu Bei's revenge would be difficult to care about, so he pretended to reconcile with Wei Cao Pi, "Sun Quan sent an envoy to Fengzhang and sent him to the ban to wait for return." "Cao Pi sent" made Taichang Xingzhen hold the right to worship as a general, named the king of Wu, and added nine tin. "Sun Quan pretended to be a minister. Liu Bei was angry at Sun Quan's attack on Guan Yu, led the army to attack Wu, Sun Quan sent a letter to ask for peace, Liu Bei was angry and did not allow it. In the same year, he broke through the Wukou of the Wu army and the two places of sister's return.

In the first month of the third year of the early Huang dynasty (221), Sun Quan wrote to Cao Pi saying that he would send troops to meet the enemy, and Cao Pi wrote the "Book of Reporting to Sun Quan, the King of Wu", to encourage him to kill the enemy. In February, the kings of Shanshan, Qiuzi, and Khotan each sent envoys to dedicate. It was the restoration of the Western Regions after the reopening, and the captain of Wuji was placed. In March, Cao Rong was named the king of the plains, and 11 people, including his younger brother Cao Zhang, were all kings. In April, Cao Zhi was named the king of Juancheng. In the leap month, Sun Quan broke Liu Bei in Yiling. At the beginning, Cao Pi heard that Liu Bei led his army eastward and fought with Sun Quan, and the Shuzha company camped for more than 700 miles, and said to his ministers: "Liu Bei doesn't know the art of war, how can there be a company camp for 700 miles to resist the enemy!" 'The bud plain is dangerous and the soldier is the enemy', this is the taboo of using soldiers, and Sun Quan's letter to defeat Liu Bei is about to arrive. Seven days later, Sun Quan broke Liu Bei's document and arrived. In August, the Shu general Huang Quan led the crowd to surrender. In September, Gengzi, Queen Guo was the queen. Subsequently, Sun Quan lifted the threat of Shu, and Sun Quan sent his eldest son Sun to Wei as a hostage, and the alliance between Wei and Wu gradually appeared to be in a state of disagreement. In October of the same year, "Sun Quan rebelled. Fuguo Prefecture is Jingzhou. The emperor marched south from Xuchang, and all the troops marched together, and the right Linjiang refused to defend. Cao Pi was very angry about Sun Quan's deception and betrayal, and issued the "Edict of Wu Wu" to encourage the soldiers: "The southern expedition marched to besiege Jiangling and obtained more boats." Behead the captive, and the descendant will be on the way. Cow Wine Day. "It expresses the intention of resolutely going south to conquer Sun Quan.

Cao Pi marched south from Xuchang, all the armies marched together, Cao Zhen, Zhang He, Cao Xiu and other roads won great victories, defeated Sun Sheng, broke Lu Fan, burned Zhuge Jin, almost captured Jiangling, Sun Quan refused to defend Linjiang, several fronts or defeated or defeated, only Zhu Ran won, Cao Pi's victory was in sight, but unexpectedly encountered the epidemic, Sun Quan took the opportunity to send Nagong again, the two sides made peace, Cao Pi retreated. In November, Xinwei ordered Cao Zhen, the general of Zhenxi, to lead the generals and the soldiers of the prefectures and counties to break the rebellion against Hu Zhiyuanduo and reward them, and pacify Hexi. Ten days later, when the news reached Luoyang, Cao Pi was very happy and laughed and said: "I am strategizing within the curtain, and the generals are fighting bravely thousands of miles away, and the corresponding is in accordance with the festival." There are not so many before and after the war and capture. “

In the fourth year of the early Huang dynasty (223), Cao Ren, Cao Zhang, and Jia Xu died successively. In April of the fifth year of the Huang dynasty (224), Cao Pi established Taixue, made the method of the Five Classics course examination, and placed Dr. Gu Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period.

In February of the sixth year of the Huang dynasty (225), he sent an envoy from Xuchang to Pei County to inquire about the people's sufferings and relieve the poor. In the same year, Liang Xi broke the Xianbei Ke Bi Neng.

In October, Cao Pi traveled to the ancient city of Guangling, watched the soldiers on the river, and killed more than 100,000 soldiers, and carried hundreds of miles of banners. In that year, it was cold, the waterway froze, and the boat could not enter the river, but it was returned. During this period, he passed through Yongqiu, went to Cao Zhi's place, met with Cao Zhi, and increased his household by 500. In December, Cao Pi and his entourage passed through Liang from Qian and sent envoys to use the prison to worship the late Han Dynasty Taiwei Qiao Xuan.

In the first month of the seventh year of the early Huang dynasty (226), Cao Pi returned to the palace in Luoyang. On May Bingchen (June 28), Cao Pi was seriously ill, and the edict ordered Chen Qun, the general of the Zhenjun, Cao Zhen, the general of the Chinese army, Cao Xiu, the general of the Zhengdong, and Sima Yi, the general of the Fujun, to receive the edict and jointly assist the heir Cao Rong. Let the harem Shuyuan and Zhaoyi all go to their respective homes. On May 17 (June 29), Cao Pi died at the age of 40, according to his proclamation before his death, he was buried in the Shouyang Mausoleum.