From the age of 20, the people of the Han dynasty should register and enter into the list of conscripts and levies, declare themselves, and then begin to serve in the conscription and conscription, and the annual service time of this kind of conscription is one month, and the place of service is in the county.

In "On Heng and Xie Short Stories", it is said: "One industry makes the people, and the residence is more than one month, what is the basis? On the other hand, the period of service for the probationary service is three years, from the age of twenty to twenty-two, and then it is transferred to the regular compulsory service.

Han has a corresponding management system for the guards, which is also very comprehensive.

The Han system is "Wei Cao, the main pawn and the apprentice transfer affairs." ("Continuation of the Han Shu • Baiguan Zhi I") Then, the administration of the more pawns in the central government should be in charge of the Taiwei, and the Wei Cao of the Taiwei Mansion should be in charge.

Therefore, "all pawns practice more, and follow the "Wei Law"" is this principle.

According to this, it is speculated that the system of the Han should be the same, as for the locality, that is, the county state, there are also Wei Cao, who are in charge of the more compulsory service or all compulsory service; The same goes for county roads.

As recorded in the "Continuation of the Han Book • Baiguan Zhi V": the county and the country "are all placed in the history of Cao Peng." Zhu Cao is slightly like the Gongfu Cao, and there is nothing Cao. "County Road Rules" Zhu Cao is slightly like a county member. "These people" know the good and evil of the people, and serve first. ”

However, there was another set of supervisors during his service. Among the 20th rank of the Han Dynasty, there are three titles: left, middle, and right. Shi Gu commented: "More, the lord of Yan is more pawn, and the ministry is also the envoy." ”

It can be seen that this refers to a set of management systems in the process of specific service.

Let's talk about the pawn.

The so-called regular pawn is relative to the pawn and the pawn, and the place of service is in the inner county and the Beijing division, and the time and project of service are relatively fixed.

The content is roughly as follows: the twenty-third year of the Republic of China is positive. One year old thought it was a guard, one year old thought it was a material officer, a knight, and practiced archery, horsemanship, and battle formation. In August, Taishou, Du Wei, Ling, Chang, Xiang, Cheng, and Wei will all test, and the class hall is the most. The sailor is a building boat, and he also practices shooting and sailing. (For details, please refer to the volume of Sun Xingyan's collection of "Han Guanyi").

Let's talk more specifically about the so-called material officers and knights and so on.

Let's talk about the material officer first, the material officer is the crossbowman, which refers to the brave and strong soldier, who can step on the strong crossbow or pull the strong bow by hand and open the soldier, so it is also called "the material official Zhang".

Let's talk about knights. As the name suggests, that is, cavalry. It was seen as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, and it was already a pawn in the Qin Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, so there is often a saying of "the old Qin knights" in the literature of the Han Dynasty.

It is also included in the regular service, also known as light chariot or chariot riding.

Finally, let's talk about the building boat. It also appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, and first flourished in the Wuyue region, which is the naval army in modern terms.

Finally, let's talk about the guards.

The so-called guards, that is, the material officers, knights, etc., after serving for one year, are then conscripted and transferred to the Beijing Division, serving with the court and other central government officials. In the history of the Han Dynasty, it is often said that "to the officials of the central capital" refers to this kind of conscription that served in various official offices in Beijing.

The main duty of the guards was to defend the palace, so they had to hold halberds at the palace gate and the two steps in front of the palace. The Qin Dynasty set up guards to manage the guards, and the Han Dynasty did not change. The responsibilities are important and complex.

Judging from the official position alone, there are guard lieutenants, Nangong guard orders, North Palace guard orders, left and right supervisors, and so on.

Wei Wei, Taichang, and Guangluxun are all subordinate to Taiwei, the highest military commander of the central government.

Therefore, the guards who went to Beijing were all military establishments, which was different from the material officers and knights. In addition to defending the palace, the guards also had other tasks, such as guarding the garden and mausoleum, guarding the crown prince and the Son of Heaven, serving in the princes' kingdoms, and so on.

Moreover, after the common people of the Han dynasty served their conscription, they also needed to pay oral contributions, and even more levies, and they would also levy drafts.

The record of the manuscript in the "Han Law": into the manuscript, according to the number of fields granted, no reclamation, three stones, two stones. It is subject to it from the yellow millet and above. Into the draft, the degree of loss, can also. ("Tian Law") about this is about three stones, and two stones of the manuscript is the collection standard for the manuscript.

As for the oral endowment, according to the "Hanyi Note", it is recorded: "From the age of seven to fourteen in the year of the people, the export of money, twenty-three, twenty yuan to eat the Son of Heaven, the third money, Emperor Wu added money, to make up the chariot and ride a horse." ”

The age of the expedition has dropped in the time of Emperor Wu, "Hanshu • Gongyu Biography": "Emperor Wu conquered the four Yi, and the people gave birth to three years old, then exported money," Emperor Zhao restored the old system, and the late Eastern Han Dynasty was reduced to one year old.

It is a positive tax evolved from the substitute money of the more servitude, and it is also a poll tax. It is a regular tax that has evolved from a change, and its tax amount is 300 yuan per year.

The so-called "practice watch" is a kind of transaction between the servant and the substitute, and the price of hiring someone to replace the servant in January every year is 2,000 yuan.

The pawn is even more to serve a month of conscription every year, and the pawn is to directly hire someone to serve for a month of conscription with 2,000 yuan, and then he pays 300 per person to the government every year.

In other words, the so-called "more endowment" only refers to the third mode of service.

Because the three hundred dollars are given to the state, and the two thousand dollars are a transaction between the hired and the employed, and certainly cannot be counted as taxes.

The example of the Bu style is used as proof: it is recorded in the "Biography of the Bu Shi" that Emperor Wu once "gave 400 people outside the style".

Wai Xuan, according to Su Lin's explanation, is the meaning of the border.

Emperor Wu gave 400 people to Bu Shi, not that there are 400 people in Bu Shi's family to serve in the service, the key is that everyone does not need to go to the outer line, but only needs to pay 300 yuan per person, so Emperor Wu's reward is actually to pay the money to the outside of the 400 people to Bu Shi.

After Liu Xun thoroughly sorted out the situation of the Han family's conscription and taxation, Liu Xun understood why the Guliang faction had completely become an official school during the Yuan Emperor period, and the life of the common people and aristocratic officials in the Han family was not easy, and this status quo must be changed.

How to change, even unable to change, under the external pressure of the Xiongnu and the internal pressure of the southeast, the whole body will be moved, and even Liu Xun himself understands that the entire conscription cannot be moved lightly.