Chapter 182: "Science" and "Technology"
Obviously, dexterity alone is not enough, but Xu Qilin wants to give her a chance, which also contains pity.
In ancient China, there was no shortage of skilled craftsmen, but the inheritance and development of science and technology was a big problem. From Xu Qilin's point of view, "science" and "technology" should be understood separately, scientists and craftsmen, science and technology.
There were many inventions and creations in ancient China, and even influenced the development history of the whole world. However, there is a lack of basic theory and more in-depth research.
To put it bluntly, many inventions are the accumulation of experience, and the inventor is not clear about its principle, and it is naturally difficult for later people to continue to develop on this basis. The so-called knowing what it is, not knowing why, is like this.
Moreover, the status of the profession of "worker" in ancient society was very low, and most of them were bankrupt peasants who had lost their land, and they had to eat as a last resort.
Craftsmen have a low social status, and the things they invent are not valued, and the principles are not clear, which makes it difficult for them to develop sustainably, and they are more likely to be lost.
For example, mechanics was applied very well by the ancients, and many tools for the clever application of mechanics were also invented. However, there is no special work, and the knowledge of mechanics is scattered in various books.
It can be seen that in ancient China, there was more experience than theory, and there was more equipment manufacturing than mathematical summary.
Although until the Ming Dynasty, China was still ahead of the world in terms of science and technology as a whole, it was already far behind in terms of basic theory.
At that time, Newton had already proposed the three laws of motion and gravitation. The Geometry was written by Euclid in the third century B.C., and became the most widely circulated book in history, second only to the Bible.
It is not to worship foreign countries, it is not to be arrogant, and it is not to talk about any national feelings. Xu Qilin only felt that even if he made a fortune that rivaled the wealth of the country, it was better to get "Mechanics" and "Geometric Originals" out. That is a great move that will benefit the present and the future.
There is no shame in taking doctrine and being diligent and studious, and arrogance is the chronic disease that hinders development and progress. Fortunately, there were not so many stinky problems in the Tang Dynasty, and His Majesty Li Er wanted to send someone to Zhongtianzhu to learn sugar making, which is an example.
Of course, Xu Qilin knew that the road had to be walked step by step, and the meal had to be eaten one bite at a time. If you want to carry out conscious, planned and organized scientific research activities, you can't rush it.
"Elementary Mathematics" was printed, and "Geometry" and "Algebra" were added to the general mathematics of constants. Mathematics is the foundation of all science, and this was said by Leonardo da Vinci, one of the geniuses of the world.
There was a soft knock on the door, interrupting Xu Qilin's thoughts. To his surprise, Helan Chushi walked in.
Why, it's not fun to be beaten by yourself, come to find someone to smoke?
Helan Chushi saluted very respectfully, and called him "Xu Cheng". Seeing that this guy seemed to have become well-behaved, Xu Qilin also had to pretend on the surface.
"You may be seated, you may be seated." Xu Qilin couldn't guess what this guy was going to do, so he was just polite, gave up his seat, and ordered the servant to serve tea.
Helan Chushi first casually inquired about Dayingku's work requirements, and then got to the point.
"Just now Xu Cheng said that His Majesty cultivates backwards, so that a certain person deeply understands and misses the grace of heaven, and a certain person thinks it is true!" Helan Chushi arched his hand towards the void and said with emotion: "I want to record the ardent expectations in His Majesty's edict on paper, frame it, hang it in front of the case, keep it in mind, and encourage it from time to time. I don't know what Xu Cheng thinks? ”
Xu Qilin blinked his eyes, and said in his heart: What kind of cultivation is made up by me, and there is nothing to look forward to, you think too much, right?
Seeing that Xu Qilin didn't speak, Helan Chushi hurriedly added: "Your Majesty doesn't know who will be sent to serve as the deputy minister, is it a young and backward person?" But for Xu Cheng, he is very trusted. Although Xia Guan was summoned to the East Palace yesterday to receive the edict, he was drunk and confused, and he did not remember the content of the edict in detail, which was really a crime of disrespect. If Xu Cheng is willing to forgive, dare to ask the lower officials to accept it, he must remember it firmly and dare not forget it. ”
Xu Qilin pondered for a while, feeling that even if he took this crime, he couldn't help Helan Chushi, there were just the two of them in the house, and there was no circumstantial evidence! Listening to Helan Chushi's meaning, it seems that he is suspecting that the content of the edict is different.
Li Chengqian is not so bold, right? Dare to tamper with the decree, although it is not a formal decree, it is transmitted by the inner chamberlain.
It doesn't hurt for you to take a look, there is nothing to promote the backwards, but that's what His Majesty Li Er meant, that's what I think. If you have the ability, you can ask Your Majesty, and you won't dare to give you a hundred guts!
Xu Qilin took out the edict from the file folder of the bookcase and handed it to Helan Chushi, and he also had doubts in his heart: Has this girl not read the edict?
Helan Chushi took it respectfully, looked at it carefully, and his expression froze for a moment, but then returned to normal and returned it respectfully.
"Thank you Xu Cheng, Xia Guan Quan understands." Helan Chushi bowed and said, "Don't disturb Xu Cheng's work, and leave the official." ”
"Deputy Helan walks slowly." Xu Qilin sent it in a fake way, looked at Helan Chushi's back, and muttered in his heart: What does this guy understand, shouldn't he have understood it a long time ago!
Helan Chushi returned to the office, closed the door, his face was gloomy, and he sat in the chair and thought.
Obviously, Du He's false edict is certain, and even His Royal Highness the Crown Prince is suspicious.
To put it bluntly, I was deceived and tricked. It is estimated that they want to make themselves think that they have the sword of Shang Fang and have the right to supervise, and they are arrogant and rude to Xu Qilin, so as to cause conflicts.
Fortunately, he was cautious enough, if he was not angry just now, he used some supervision power to talk about things, and Xu Qilin issued an edict, it would be terrible.
Helan Chushi gritted his teeth, not to mention the East Palace, his father-in-law is also considered to be in a high position, but Xu Qilin didn't give face, and he would definitely be resentful in his heart. But being deceived like a fool is even more hateful.
Donggong, or you Duhe, are not on good terms with Xu Qilin, and it is too insidious and dirty to make trouble with him and use Lao Tzu as a gunman.
But what can you do? went to the East Palace to make it clear, but he completely offended Du He, and it was likely to anger the prince. Even if he doesn't deceive you, Donggong and Xu Qilin have a disagreement, and if you want to go against him and cause trouble for him, don't you have to obey his orders obediently?
With a long sigh, Helan Chushi felt that this errand was really not as easy to do as he thought.
The current official is not as good as the current management, Xu Qilin is obviously getting the favor of the saint, and it is not easy to move out of the East Palace by himself, if he wants to clean himself up, as long as the name is right, the East Palace has no choice, right?
…………….
"Xu Lang hasn't returned home yet?" Chen Mengwei hesitated a little and glanced at the brother next to her, as if she was asking for his opinion.
Chen Jingxuan thought for a while and said, "Sister, why don't we wait for a while." Looking at this hour, Xu Cheng is also coming back. ”
When the steward of the house heard this, he hurriedly asked him to let him go to the hall, and ordered his subordinates to serve tea.
"You're busy, don't be so polite." Chen Mengwei said.
"Mrs. Chen and Xiao Langjun sit down for a while, and the villain will invite Scarlett to accompany her." The steward smiled and said, "It's more convenient." ”
"Then there will be labor." Chen Mengwei thanked her.
Since Chen Jingxuan was recruited as a student by Dayingku Arithmetic, the Chen family bought a small house in Jing'anfang and often sent some things to the Xu Mansion. It's not how valuable, like a live fish in a bucket, fresh vegetables grown by Chenjiazhuang households, and a fat pig was given away, which means to express gratitude.
After going back and forth, Chen Mengwei also got to know a few people from Xufu. In Zhuangzi, she has seen Scarlett, and she is relatively familiar.
And there are usually no female guests visiting the Xu Mansion, and there are no female relatives in the mansion to entertain them. Chen Mengwei's status is not high, although Scarlett is a maid, everyone knows how her own Ah Lang is spoiled, and it is reasonable to be half a hostess temporarily.
There was not much time, so Scarlett came to the hall, and after a few cold words, she accompanied Chen Mengwei to talk and chat.
"It's Jing Xuan who doesn't understand arithmetic, but Xu Cheng didn't go to the school today, so he wanted to come to the house to ask for advice." Chen Mengwei explained her intentions, "I didn't want to trouble Xu Cheng, but I was afraid that I would fall more and more." ”
"Arithmetic?" Scarlett blinked and said, "Ah Lang just taught the slave family to write counts and settle accounts, and I don't know if it's the same thing." ”
Chen Mengwei hurriedly greeted her brother, "Jingxuan, bring what you don't understand and let Scarlett take a look." ”
Chen Jingxuan is even older than Scarlett, but he has read books such as the Sutra, and he doesn't think that this little girl will be better than him. But Sister Ah has already said that if he doesn't take it out, he looks down on Scarlett.
Scarlett was quite modest, waved her hand and said, "I can't do it, let's ask Ah Lang for advice." Look at the time, and I'm coming back soon. ”
"Will it be, just take a look!" Chen Mengwei smiled and took the book from her brother's hand and handed it to Scarlett.
Scarlett had no choice but to take it, looked at it for a while, and said, "This has to be solved with an unknown, right?" Ah Lang told the slave family about the interesting problem of chickens and rabbits in the same cage, which seems to be similar to this. ”
"Unknowns?" Chen Jingxuan didn't know why, but it was actually in the textbook, but he hadn't read it yet.
The concept of unknown numbers has long existed in China, and there is a problem of multiple one-time equations in the "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", which was written in the early Western Han Dynasty. However, the concept is implicit in the placement of the calculations, without resorting to written records.
Scarlett nodded and said, "The slave family only said that they would solve the problem of chickens and rabbits in the same cage, maybe it would be helpful to Chen Lang." ”
Solution: If there are x rabbits, then there are (35-x) chickens...... x=12......
Chen Jingxuan watched Scarlett write the steps to solve the problem on the paper, from confusion to clarity. You don't need to calculate chips to represent unknowns, just replace them with symbols on paper and you can see them at a glance.
Ancient Chinese mathematics is amazing, Liu Hui, Zu Chongzhi, Qin Jiushao, etc., until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, China's mathematics level is ahead of the world.
However, traditional mathematics also has a fatal flaw, that is, it lacks a completely independent written mathematical language system. To put it bluntly, there is no perfect and unified mathematical notation.
For example, the decimal point, which means pi, is 3.1415926. Without it, it is expressed in ancient Chinese books as: three zhang, one foot and four inches, one minute, five centimeters, nine millimeters, two seconds, and six seconds.
This is not only a cumbersome problem, but also makes ancient mathematics books obscure to read, and the methods and steps to solve the problems are not clearly stated.
More importantly, it will cause traditional mathematics to encounter a bottleneck in its development, and it will not be able to develop to a more abstract and advanced stage.
Because of this, in ancient China, if you want to learn mathematics, you have to learn literature first, and you have to learn it very well, before you dare to pick up a mathematics book and read it. Otherwise, if you can't even read the question, or you understand it incorrectly, how can you solve it correctly?
Xu Qilin's "Elementary Mathematics" basically solves these problems, and suddenly establishes a mathematical symbol system that has been gradually formed and perfected for thousands of years.
This makes mathematics clear in form and concise, and the expression of mathematical theories and arguments is also easy to understand, which greatly reduces the education level and age requirements for learning mathematics.
"It turns out that it can be replaced by symbols, and I think I haven't read it here, it's too unserious." Chen Jingxuan bowed to Scarlett, "Thank you for your doubts." ”
Scarlett hurriedly said humbly: "The slave family just read "Elementary Mathematics" early, and there is Professor Ah Lang, but he is very stupid, and he feels ashamed, how dare he solve Chen Lang's confusion?" ”
"Liniang doesn't need to be modest, doesn't this make Jing Xuanmao suddenly open?" Chen Mengwei said with a smile: "You are Xu Cheng's personal disciple, just this name, I don't know how many people want to come to ask for advice!" ”
Yes?! Scarlett shook her head vigorously and said, "Don't say that, the slave family is stupid, and you have lost Alang's face." ”
Chen Mengwei looked at Scarlett's anxious appearance, and couldn't help but smile and said: "How can it be, Liniang is a girl, she is young, and she is so good at mathematics, she can only add color to Xu Cheng's face!" ”
Chen Jingxuan also complimented her, but Scarlett just shook her head, reluctant to spread the word.
As he was talking, Xu Qili walked in, and Chen Mengwei and the others hurriedly got up to salute.
Xu Qili hurriedly returned the salute, and also talked to Xu Qilin about something, and when he saw that Xu Qilin was not there, he said a few polite words and turned to leave.
After sitting for a while, Xu Qilin hadn't come back yet, and seeing that it was getting late, the Chen family sisters and brothers also said goodbye and left.
…………..
The Ministry of Officials, Chen Guogong's Mansion.
Hou Junji didn't learn anything when he was young, but he was more pompous, claiming that he was very brave. Later, he fought with Li Ernan in the north and made a lot of achievements. During the change of Xuanwumen, because he tried his best to persuade Li Er to break off with the crown prince Li Jiancheng, and made a plan, he was respected by His Majesty Li Er, and he was promoted to the rank of official.
And Hou Junji, who was born in the army, was able to study and study after obtaining the high-ranking official Houlu, participated in the government politics with the scholars, and was praised by Wei Zheng and others, and praised him as a prime minister.
Therefore, after Hou Junji was appointed as the secretary of the ministry, he participated in the selection of officials and customized assessment topics, and his performance in work was still commendable and competent.
Wu can be a general, Wen can be a minister, Hou Junji's talent is beyond doubt. But Hou Junji's character and character have very fatal flaws.
One is that he has a poor character, does not know how to be grateful, and complains and hates when he is slightly unsatisfactory. He once learned the art of war from Li Jing, but he complained to His Majesty Li Er, saying that Li Jing "did not show his ministers when he was in secrecy", which was to rebel.
Forget about being ungrateful this time, Li Jing is not as knowledgeable as him.
(End of chapter)