If there is no prohibition in the law, it can be done, this creed made the old Huang politicians of the Han family in the early stage to the extreme, but this Legalist thought is opposed to Confucianism in many aspects, but it is very in line with the situation of the Han dynasty today, so like the three chapters of the law, this is the foundation of the Han dynasty.

The whole Confucianism advocates the theory of historical degradation, that is, from ancient times to the present, it is a development process from Datong to a well-off, and generally speaking, social development is getting worse and worse, so Confucianism advocates the Datong society of the three generations of antiquity, and believes that it is necessary to "be the king of law", which is a limited theory of historical degradation; Legalism advocates the theory of historical evolution.

Confucianism is a sexual goodist, while Legalism is a sexual evilist. Confucianism preaches benevolence, opposes war, and inherits poetry, books, rituals, and music; Legalists believe that etiquette, poetry and books, cultivation of good and filial piety, honesty and honesty, benevolence and righteousness and non-soldiers, and shame and war are six kinds of pests that damage the country, called "six lice".

Confucianism advocates the rule of the gentleman and the politics of the virtuous; Legalists believe that the country should be governed by grammar officials, and the scholars, the ancients, the sword-bearers, the troubled and the people of commerce and industry are the five types of social moths, which are called the "five beetles".

Regarding the power of the monarch, Mencius advocated that "the people are noble and the king is light", while Li Si said: "The lord is independent of the world and has no control", which is a typical monarchy.

Confucianism is rich in patriarchal spirit, attaches great importance to family ethics, and emphasizes "ruling the world with filial piety".

A man once said to Confucius that the people there were very upright, and that when the father stole the sheep, the son was able to kill his relatives and testify to his father's theft. After hearing this, Confucius said disapprovingly, "We people here have different understandings of integrity, that is, "the father is hidden for the son, and the son is hidden for the father."

Confucius apparently believed that children should keep silent about their parents' mistakes, but Legalism is different, and Legalism believes that "no intimacy should be separated, no distinction between the noble and the lowly, and a break from the law", neither considering the patriarchal law nor status, and everything should be based on the law.

In the last life, relatives and selfishness, in the middle world, the virtuous and benevolent, and in the next life, noble and respectful officials.

Shang Jun divided history into three stages: the upper life, the middle world, and the next life. In the last life, that is, in the ancient clan era, the relationship between clan members was the most basic force to maintain the survival and development of society at that time. As society evolved into the Middle Ages, competition began to emerge, and wise people would emerge in the competition, and then some people came out to preach benevolence to alleviate social conflicts and maintain social harmony. By the time Shang lived in the next life, the society had developed from small and simple to large and complex, and in order to manage and rule such a society, it was necessary to rely on a high-level political organization, that is, the bureaucratic political system, and to rely on administrative means and bureaucratic systems to effectively govern this complex and changeable state or society.

In ancient times, morality was contested, the Middle Ages were driven by wisdom, and today they are striving for strength. "Han Feizi Five Worms"

Han Feizi also divides history into three stages: antiquity, the Middle Ages and the present, which coincides with Shang Ying. Han Feizi believed that in a more primitive society, relying on folk customs and morality was enough to maintain the stable development of society. In the Middle Ages, society changed a lot, and people began to fight each other by resourcefulness. In the era when Han Feizi lived, political power, that is, the state apparatus, became the pillar of maintaining the orderly development of social life.

Legalism advocates the rule of law, and its theoretical basis is the theory of historical evolution. Legalists believe that in today's large and complex society, the use of ancient morality or etiquette is not enough to rule this society, and it is necessary to adapt to the changes of the times, and it is not possible to govern the world today with the way of the previous kings.

Another major feature of Legalism is that it advocates the theory of sexual evil, and it is precisely because human nature is evil that it needs to rely on the law to rule and standardize, as Guo Moruo said, Han Fei regards all people as villains, and the so-called "people's nature is good and disorderly" and "officials want to be traitors" are also. They believe that both officials and ordinary people will commit adultery and violate the law at the first opportunity.

To a certain extent, the Legalist theory of sexual evil is similar to Xunzi's viewpoint, but Xunzi deduced from sexual evil to educate the people with etiquette and music, and used the system to regulate behavior, while Legalism directly promoted the rule of law from sexual evil, and even used severe punishment and strict laws to make people feel afraid, relying on people's inner fear of criminal law to maintain the normal operation of society.

The Legalists' explanation of the theory of sexual evil is very thorough, and even looks at the world with a dark and cold eye.

In the view of Confucianism, the family relationship between parents and children is the most beautiful, stable and selfless relationship in the world, and there is infinite warmth and warmth between each other. However, this is not the case in the eyes of the Legalists, who believe that even if the relationship is as close as that of father and son, husband and wife, and brothers, there are still interests and calculations, and there are trade-offs and intrigues between interests.

Parents are also to their sons, men are congratulated, and girls are killed. …… Therefore, parents treat each other with a calculating heart, and there is no father and son! "Han Feizi: Six Antis"

Han Feizi said that parents will be happy to give birth to a boy and congratulate him, but they are eager to kill a girl, and the phenomenon of abandoning baby girls still occurs from time to time in later generations, why is this?

This is full of calculations and considerations of economic interests, in rural parlance, giving birth to a girl is "losing money", once a girl is raised as an adult, she will marry into another family, and she will have to take a dowry; The birth of a boy is different, and the boy is a sufficient guarantee for the domestic workforce.

In fact, in later generations of rural China, the idea of preference for sons over daughters still existed to varying degrees, and the concept of raising children and preventing old age was still deeply rooted in the hearts of many people. Therefore, Han Feizi came to a conclusion that there is still such a calculation of interests between parents and children, let alone between the monarch and his subjects.

Han Feizi did reveal the ugliest corner of human nature in the desert of family affection with an unusually cold perspective. We can't deny that this phenomenon exists in life, after all, there are often incidents of parents and children fighting for property on TV.

Legalists believe that for the monarch, he should fully realize the evil side of human nature, and that fathers, sons, husbands and wives are unreliable and may become enemies. There is a saying in the pre-Qin period: "The mother is good, and the son hugs". In other words, if the mother is beautiful, then her son will be treated differently by his father, and it is possible that he will be made the crown prince and inherit the throne.

Why is this happening? Han Feizi analyzes human nature and believes that men are still lustful at the age of fifty, while women are easy to age, and they are no longer beautiful after the age of thirty. In this case, if a new young woman wins the favor of the king, then the position of the original crown prince is in jeopardy. Therefore, for the crown prince and his mother, from the point of view of rational calculation, the most beneficial survival strategy is to kill their father/husband.

This is Han Feizi's naked description of the ugliness of human nature, and he even goes one step further and envisions this story more completely. For the crown prince's mother, killing her husband was nothing to lose for her. When her son becomes the monarch, she can be rich and honorable, and even the happiness of men and women is not reduced first, and she can find a few lovers to satisfy her desires like Qin Shihuang's mother Zhao Ji. Han Feizi's interpretation of human nature is indeed impressive, making the monarch's back chill and thought-provoking.

Therefore, Legalists believe that people are unreliable, but the law is reliable, and the theory of sexual evil is another theoretical basis for the idea of the rule of law. In the West, when Plato wrote about the ideal state in his early years, he still had the idea of governing the country by sages, expecting a philosopher-king, and when he wrote the law in his later years, his life experience made him write such a sentence: "Human nature will always be inclined to greed and selfishness."

Later modern rule of law is also based on the theory of sexual evil, as Hamilton said: "We should assume that every man is a deflated man without morality, and that every action he does has no purpose but self-interest." ”

The theoretical premise of the rule of law and even any law is that human nature is inherently evil, that is, it is assumed that people may do evil without restraint and supervision. In the view of the interpreters and builders of the rule of law, power leads to corruption, and absolute power absolutely leads to corruption. In contemporary society, in order to prevent the abuse of power by rulers, democracy and the rule of law are implemented, checks and balances and separation of powers are promoted, and everyone who exercises public power is supervised to prevent abuse of power.

Therefore, Liu Xun understands that the transformation of an empire from the old to the new one requires a simple and crude method of dealing with it by the Legalists, which was personally experienced by the Qin State two hundred years ago.

Qin's ability to dominate the world in the late Warring States period was entirely due to the Shang monarch's reforms. After the Shang monarch changed the law, the Qin State radiated a different combat effectiveness, and the seventh king worked hard, constantly expanding from the east to the west, and completely unified the world when Qin Shi Huang won the government, and the other six countries were also crazy to change the law at that time, but without exception there was nothing to do with Confucianism!

Etiquette and morality are important, but how many people do dirty things in the name of morality, the beginning of Confucianism is the continuation of the strange circle of feudal history.

Chonggu, the Confucian Chonggu faction headed by Gu Liang, is still naïve to believe that as long as the Jingtian system is restored, the world will be peaceful, the Haiyan River is clear, the river map is clear, and the unicorn is out.

When Dong Zhongshu Xiantianren was inducted into Emperor Xiaowu, he was also full of ideals, and there was no implementation plan, so Confucianism you let him talk about it, and let him do things can only be like this. Even when Chongzhen first ascended the throne in later generations, the Donglin Party cleaned up the remnants of the Wei Party and collected the backlog of arrears in the treasury during the great drought in Shaanxi, okay! The aid grain of the central government of the Ming Dynasty did not come, but the Donglin Party directly kicked the door to grab the grain and money, and directly forced the Shaanxi people to revolt, and in the end Li Zicheng went to Beijing Chongzhen to hang himself, and in the end Chongzhen also shirked a wave of responsibility, saying that he was governing the country according to the method in the book.

The truth in the book of Confucian sages, Kong Lao Er himself sometimes can't justify himself, you can see it, you can use it, the letter is the second shortage, and even like Qian Qianyi at the end of the Ming Dynasty, a leader of Confucianism and Qingliu, when the enemy came, he couldn't do it to repay the king with a death, and exchanged his own knowledge for a famous saying that laughed through the ages: The water is too cold!

In China's feudal history, the establishment of a dynasty must have nothing to do with Confucianism, and if it is, it is because Confucianism collapsed the governance of the country. But since the Song Dynasty, the fall of a dynasty has too much to do with Confucianism.

Confucianism has always been a person who creates trouble, not a person who solves trouble, and when the Chinese nation is in danger, there are always heroes who stand up and turn the tide to the top, and the auxiliary edifice will fall.

This is also thanks to the huge population base of the Chinese nation!

Therefore, when Liu Xun wanted to create an efficient feudal ruling central government, the option of Confucianism had been crossed out in Liu Xun's heart, but Legalism was not without faults, and the earth was only completely evolved to the modern legal system implemented by Legalism in the Qin Dynasty after 5,000 years, which was too advanced, and required a large number of government officials and law enforcers to achieve the government's tentacles to penetrate into the countryside and other grassroots units, and even if it was impossible to achieve a breakthrough at the technical level, even in the remote southern countryside, The news of the death of the first emperor has not yet been known, and the edict issued by Liu Xun himself to never be endowed can only be known by the people of big cities.

It can even be said that putting aside the sense of personal disgust, the Guliang faction appeared on the stage of history at this time, except for the reason of Liu Xun's grandfather Liu Ju, that is, because the Guliang faction can alleviate social contradictions more, the government can reduce the number of officials, reduce the expenditure of the central government, let the people of the world fend for themselves, and come forward to help when there is a major disaster.

The Eastern Han Dynasty government could only bring out the relatives and fight against the local powerful and powerful gate valve forces, which caused great internal friction, and finally the two Han Dynasty did not completely eradicate the sequelae brought by Gu Liang's power.

The reform of an ancient empire must be difficult, and it takes great determination to have a good team of officials and decision-makers. Therefore, persuasion, the three princes and nine secretaries headed by Huo Guang and the ministers of the DPRK and China with 2,000 stones are the root of the problem.

Now is one of the few stable years of the Han family, the biggest foreign enemy Xiongnu is recovering blood, and without the Xiongnu as a strategic enemy, the Han family will not be able to continue to move westward, unable to occupy more land, if Liu Xun wants to establish the Zhaoxuan prosperous era in the previous life, then there is no need for Liu Xun to toss around blindly, as long as Huo Guang can govern the country, he just needs to wait for a few years after Huo Guang dies.

After traveling once, if he can't completely change the world, then Liu Xun might as well find a piece of tofu and kill him.

However, the reform of the law is not a simple matter, it requires a large number of targeted policy reforms, and in the past 5,000 years of China, the only successful reform of the law has been the Shang Jun, and the Shang Jun has completely united all the political groups up and down the Qin State, and the results have been seen within five years.

The root of the change is to let your subjects know the benefits of changing the law, and the failure of Wang Anshi's change in later generations is that the scholar's ideas are too strong and too taken for granted, so they offend everyone, and the new law of the Song Dynasty completely failed, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished a few decades later.

There is much help for the righteous, but little help for the unjust.

Where is this sentence used, it is not outdated, unite most people, let everyone know a goal to move forward together, Wang Mang gave everyone hope in the early Han Dynasty, when the Hedong flood, the local scholars in Hedong completed the disaster relief in Hedong by themselves for the goal described by Wang Mang, but when the people of the world knew that Wang Mang could not achieve this expected result, he also had to suffer the backlash after the hope was shattered.

Thinking of this, Liu Xun opened his mouth and said: "Ladies and gentlemen, I think that today's meeting can be opened here first, the prime minister and the imperial doctor, Zhijin Wu stayed in me to discuss the matter of the southeast people's rebellion, and the Jiuqing under him returned to the ya, and made a plan as soon as possible, and discussed it with the ministers and princes in the upcoming Shuowang Dynasty!" ”

"Whoa!" The ministers bowed

The ministers in the main hall left one after another, leaving only Liu Xun, Huo Guang, Han Zeng, Wei Xiang, Zhao Chongguo, Huo Shan and others.

Liu Xun saw that everyone had already sent out the book in their hands, so he continued: "My wife's wife, Xu Pingjun Xu, virtuous and virtuous, Su Yongde Mao, gentle and respectful, has the quality of Hui Soft, soft and bright, has the beauty of Anzheng, and is quiet and upright.

The respect of the queen, the same body as me, the temple of Chengzong, the mother of the world, how easy it is!

Only Xu's Deguan mouth can be deserved, and I will personally grant the golden book and phoenix seal, and after the book, he will be the lord of the six palaces! ”

The sudden edict of the Son of Heaven caught Huo Guang and the others off guard, but before this edict, Huo Guang had clearly expressed the will of the Son of Heaven to the ministers, and also reached a preliminary consensus.

The southeast civil uprising is imminent, and there can be no more disputes in the court because of the establishment of the country, and all attention must be focused on the border immigrants, the reform of the Guanzhong officials, and the southeast civil uprising.

Thinking of this, Huo Guang was the first to get up and bow: "Mrs. Xu, Su Yongdemao, gentle and respectful, with the quality of Hui Soft, soft and bright, with the beauty of Anzheng, Jing Zheng and Yiyi, can be the lord of the six palaces and the mother of all people!" ”

The rest of the people saw that the prime minister had already expressed his position, and immediately followed up and said: "Mrs. Xu, Su Yongdemao, gentle and courteous, with the quality of Hui Soft, soft and bright, with the beauty of peace and righteousness, Jing Zheng and Yiyi, you can stand as the queen!" ”

Liu Xun sat on the top seat and watched the statements of Huo Guang and the others, nodded with satisfaction and continued: "What do you think of the southeastern refugees?" ”

Note: "Displaced people" is a historical phenomenon during the period of feudal rule in China. According to the History of the Ming Dynasty. The Food and Goods Chronicle explains that the homeless people are: "those who are hungry or who have migrated to avoid the army are called homeless". That is, due to natural and man-made disasters, in order to survive, the people were forced to leave their hometowns and flee to the deep mountains and Daze to find a place to live. Therefore, the feudal rulers called this phenomenon the exile". Since the Yuan Dynasty, due to the large number of displaced people who have been displaced to the Jingxiang Mountains at the junction of Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Henan, it has become the largest gathering place of displaced people in China at that time.

During the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, the problem of displaced people was characterized by large scale, geographical concentration, long duration, radial migration, and gradually complex composition. In addition to natural causes, tyranny and tyranny, powerful annexation, and wars have led to the emergence of the problem of displaced people. The Han and Han governments restricted, suppressed, and repatriated, controlled and pacified, naturalized Xindi, and established counties in the city to resettle the displaced people. Returning to their hometowns, dying, entering the frontiers and cities, becoming slaves, being taken into soldiers, living in the mountains and forests, or participating in peasant uprisings were the basic destinations of the displaced people.