Huang Xie was in front of the gate of the Ganquan Palace, quietly waiting for the arrival of Huo Guang and others, the sun shone on Huang Xie's body, Huang Xie did not move, standing like a sculpture, like a statue of the protector of the Dharma quietly guarding the Ganquan Palace.

Huo Guang sat in the carriage and swayed, looking at the scenery outside the car window, since the Jiuqing meeting, Huo Guang has been extremely busy, and even when he returns to the mansion, he can stay in the Prime Minister's Mansion to deal with the official affairs of the empire.

The reform of the official system in Guanzhong, the re-examination and transformation of the officials in Guliang, all the work is piled up on Huo Guang's case, and in October, the officials of each county will also escort the accounts of the local county and county to be reviewed by the Prime Minister's Office.

In October of each year in the Han Empire, the 134 counties of Kyushu will send the treasurer to submit the account books, household registration, land and other information of the county where they are located to the Prime Minister's Mansion and the Shangshutai for joint review.

The officials of Qingxu Erzhou, arrived in Chang'an yesterday, and reported the account books to the Prime Minister's Mansion as soon as possible, and the officials of the Prime Minister's Mansion did not delay, and immediately began to sort out, and waited until this morning, the Prime Minister's Mansion Zuo Cheng Fan De sent the sorted out Qi County information to himself, only to take a look, Huo Guang's anger surged into his heart.

There are 360,000 registered households in the entire Qi County, with a total land of 450,000 mu!

When Huo Guang saw this data, he wanted to turn into a fire every minute and burn all these incompetent scum!

The number of land registered in each part of the Han dynasty is the total amount of arable land in a local county.

There is a total amount of cultivated land including mulberry land and mountainous land, and there is also a large amount of land for various purposes.

The land of the Han dynasty is included: arable, uncultivable and uncultivable.

Arable land is normal cultivated land, uncultivable is reserved area, and group non-cultivable land is public land.

This is a tradition handed down from ancient times, based on the awe and lessons of the ancestors of nature, and it is necessary to set aside extra space for the people to rest and recuperate for all kinds of sudden natural disasters.

Shang Jun clearly stated in the Book of Shang Jun that the principle of land use is as written in the book: those who are hundreds of miles in the place, tithe in the mountains and forests, tithe in the valley, tithe in the valley, tithe in the capital, tithe in the bad field, and tithe in the good land.

Only then can 50,000 households be raised, and its mountains, forests, swamps, valleys, materials for the people, capitals, and roads for the people to use, this is the way of the herdsmen of the ancestors!!

That is to say, the number of land reported by the entire Qi County is a superficial article, just to make everyone's face look better, as long as you have local administrative experience, you will know how ridiculous!!

That is to say, the land of the entire Qi County must first deduct 20% of the total land reserved land and at least 60,000 hectares of public land, as well as 200,000 mu of official land belonging to Shaofu and local counties.

If the number of these lands is deducted, the 36 households registered in the entire Qi County will jointly divide the more than 1 million mu of actual land.

On average, each household can't even share a hundred acres, not to mention the number of landlords who are always strong!!

Compared with the land acre system in Guanzhong, the land in the southeast is different, and in the case of Qi County, Qi County has a small field system of 120 steps, which means that compared with the people of Guanzhong, the people of Qi can only share half an acre of land per person!!

This is like a bolt from the blue for the entire Chang'an, and even after the old Huang officials who acted as conservatives in the Han family and the ram officials who ruled the peaceful and prosperous era got the news, they immediately became excited and wrote to ask for the punishment of the moths who brought disaster to the country and the people in Qi County.

And the officials of Qingxu Erzhou trembled at home, and they didn't even dare to go out of their homes, afraid that they would be killed by a hero again when they were outside.

Emperor Gao said: A family of five husbands governs a hundred fields.

The Han dynasty was regarded as a national policy, and the successive emperors have been urgently implementing and promoting, so that the world is stable, and the ruling ideas of the entire Han bureaucratic system are the same.

The foundation of the Han Empire was composed of small landlords and yeoman farmers, in other words, it was also the most suitable survival model for feudal dynasties.

And now Huo Guang has found that the problems in the southeast are not so many on paper, the entire southeast has become a powder keg, a powder keg with a fuse ignited.

In the entire fiscal statistical year from August last year to August this year, Qi County called for a total of 80,000 people to serve in the conscription for three months, and all of them were internal conscriptions.

Moreover, Qi County's oral endowment has an income of 80,000 yuan!!!

According to the Qidi Qimin household, the entire Qidi has been paid by all the people.

According to the Han law, each subject was given one month of conscription per year, and the excess was compensated by the government according to the market price of Pingjia.

And Qi County, on this issue, made a mistake that the entire Han Chang'an decision-making level could not forgive, and when you Qi County had already received more money from the people, it also requisitioned 80,000 people to serve in internal labor.

But no 80,000 people were given any statement or financial compensation!!

These 80,000 grievances, Chang'an did not dare to ignore, when the 800 bamboo poles in Daze Township overturned the invincible Great Qin Empire to the ground, and only then did the Han family have nearly a hundred years of country.

And the reason for Daze Township is because there were too many conscriptions in the pre-Qin period, and Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were afraid that they would be beheaded if they missed the period of conscription, so they were demagogic and rose up by taking advantage of the situation.

After Qi County had already received more money from the local people, he also let them serve as conscripts, which was not at all reassuring, and it was clearly bankrupt for the people!!

The appearance is so ugly, it has reached the point where people and gods are angry, which is simply forcing the people of the southeast and the people of Qi to rebel!!!

Huo Guang knew that in the north, in Guanzhong, there was a similar situation more or less, but everyone's appearance was not so ugly.

Huo Guang only then realized that it was better to raise the soup to stop boiling, and it was difficult to reach the sky if the southeast wanted to solve it peacefully.

In troubled times, we should use heavy codes, govern the country with righteousness, and govern the army with wonder.

The soldiers went off the peak without being defeated, and the country followed the right path without declining.

One is said to be wise to the people, the wisdom of the people will be opened, the state is biased and the people can observe and know, if so, although Yao Shun can not reach it.

Second, it is said that the people will be strong, the people will be strong, the country is unrighteous and the people can be abolished and stopped, if so, the three emperors and five emperors will not be ashamed.

The three are idle people, the people are worry-free, and their nature is hairy, so they can seek the way of heaven and justice.

Fourth, it is said to respect the people, there is a country with a people, and the country is the son of the people. I have not seen those who have not filial their parents, and I have not seen those who do not love their children. If this is the case, the people will be happy! The country's luck is also.

Five said rich people, rich people, long ambitions, constant production and perseverance!! ”

Huo Guang muttered to himself, and the five methods of governing the country that he had once dedicated to Emperor Xiaowu laughed gloomily.

At that time, because of his brother Huo Qu's illness, he was enshrined as Fengche Duwei, and his first letter was this five methods of governing the country.

After reading it, Emperor Xiaowu smiled and said to Huo Guang: "The punishment is heavy, lord; The reward is light, and the punishment is powerful. Lord, love the people; Punishment is powerful, and the people are dead.

Therefore, the country is punished and the people are benefited; With the reward, it is heavy.

If the law is detailed, the punishment will be complicated; If the law is complicated, the punishment will be provincial. The rule of the people is chaotic, and the rule of chaos is chaotic.

Therefore, if it is governed by it, it will be governed; If it is in chaos, it will be chaotic.

The feelings of the people are also governed, and their affairs are also chaotic, so the execution, the heavy one, the light one, the light one, the heavy one is not born, then the heavy one has no way to go, this is called the rule of the one!! ”

Execution, heavy on the severe, light on the light, light on the light, the heavy can not stop, this is said to be the cure for its chaos, so the heavy and light punishment will be successful, the country is strong; Heavy and light, the punishment will be born and the country will be cut.

The punishment is heavy, and the title is heavy; The reward is less, and the law is more dignified.

Meaning: If the title is honorable, the king will respect and cherish the people who have the title; At this time, if the punishment is heavy, then the people will be willing to die for the king, so the country is strong and the use of heavy punishment will make it easy for the people to control and drive; Use the reward, then the king's position will be valued.

The law is detailed and will actually reduce the number of times the penalty is used.

If the will of the people is left to govern the country, the country will be further disturbed, and if it is forced to use methods that conform to the rule of the people, the country will be further disturbed. Therefore, if we govern with a stable governance order, the country will be peaceful; If you govern by means of instability, the country will be disrupted.

The will of the people must be that the country can be governed well, but if they are allowed to participate in political affairs, it will be disrupted. Therefore, when the punishment is applied, if the person who commits a minor crime is punished severely, the person who commits a minor crime loses his life, and in the future, the person who commits a more serious crime will stop out of fear.

If the punishment is carried out too much for the felony and for the lesser offender, the misdemeanor will continue to commit further crimes, and the felony will not be able to stop it.

If the punishment of the offender is increased, the punishment will be light and untroubled, and the handling of things will be smooth and unimpeded, and the country will naturally be strong; If a serious crime is too serious, and a minor crime is too light, then the people will despise the criminal law, the punishment will occur in large numbers, the judiciary will be disrupted, and the state will be weakened.

"Argument and wisdom - the praise of chaos,

Ritual music - the sign of obscenity,

Benevolence - the mother of the past, Ren Yu - the rat of treachery.

If there is a compliment, it will be used, if there is a mother, it will be born, and if there is a rat, it will not stop.

There is a group of eight, and the people win the government; There are no eight in the country, and the government is better than the people.

The people prevail over their government, and the country is weak; The government is better than the people, and the army is strong.

Therefore, there are eight countries in the country, and there is no way to defend the battle, and they will be cut to death.

There are no eight in the country, and there is one to defend the war, and it will rise to the king.

Use kindness to get the people to kiss them; Let the traitors be controlled by the people.

Those who are united and restored are also good; Whoever doesn't follow the rules is also a traitor. Zhang Shan, then it is hidden; If you commit adultery, you will be punished. Hide and win the law; If the crime is punished, the law will prevail over the people. The people win the law, and the country is in turmoil; The law is victorious over the people, and the soldiers are strong. Therefore, it is said: If you govern with good people, you will be chaotic and cut; If you rule by traitors, you will be strong!! ”

The clever man who values the argument of the tongue is the one who instigates and participates in the trouble; Those who value music and interests are burdensome and useless; A loving and charitable person is the one who makes people start to make mistakes; A man who is keen to gain a good reputation, this is the rat of the traitors and villains.

Disturbances in social order can occur as a result of cheating and cleverness; As soon as the arrogant and lascivious man appears and is not stopped, he will be imitated and expanded; With charity and charity for wrongs, faults will continue to occur; If the people are allowed to covet excessive reputations, then there is no way to stop the treacherous acts.

If these eight types of people form a political force, then the power of the people will exceed the power of the government; If there are no of these eight types of people in the country, the power of the government will outweigh the people. If the people disturb the administration of the government, then the state will be weakened; If the government can command the people, then the (military) strength of the country will become stronger.

If the king has these eight types of people, but the king cannot get the people to participate in the war, the state will inevitably be weakened until it perishes; The country does not have these eight types of people, and the king can make the people participate in the war normally, and he will inevitably be able to prosper to the point of being the king and hegemon.

If you use a good person to be an official and govern the people, then the people will be close to this person; If a traitor is appointed as an official to govern the people, the people will be close to the system to restrain this person. Those who are good at covering up the sins of others are good people, and those who are good at monitoring the sins of others and punishing them are bad people. Publicize those who are good, and then the faults will be covered up; If bad people are appointed, then some people will be killed for their crimes. If the crime is covered up, then it means that the power of the people exceeds that of the government; If someone is killed for committing a crime, then the power of punishment is greater than that of the people.

If the power of the people exceeds the power of law enforcement, then the state will be disturbed by turmoil, and if the power to enforce criminal punishment exceeds the power of the people, the strength of the state (military power) will become stronger.

Therefore, if you govern the country with the good people you think of you, then the country will be disturbed and weakened; If you govern the people with bad people who don't care about their reputation, the people will inevitably be governed in good order.

After finishing speaking, Emperor Xiaowu Liu Che asked himself to step back and think, Huo Guang was puzzled, so he went to ask Huo Quai, who was still in Chang'an.

Brother Huo Qubing did not answer himself directly, but gave himself a copy of the Book of Shangjun for him to study and left Chang'an to fight in Mobei on the battlefield, nearly forty years have passed from then to today, Huo Guang himself is also dying, but Huo Guang knows that this book of Shangjun, it's time to start using it!!!

After Huo Guang finished reading Qi County's plan, he sent a letter to Zhao Chongguo, who was still on the road, asking him to investigate and deal with all these corrupt people in the southeast, and he had already asked the Son of Heaven, and the Son of Heaven had also nodded and agreed, and sent Bingji as the envoy of the festival, and the guilty below 2,000 stone were punished on the spot, and the guilty above 2,000 stone were pressed to Chang'an, and the Son of Heaven, the prime minister, and the imperial historian were punished together.

The carriage swayed and arrived at Ganquan Palace, and when he got out of the car, Huo Guang saw Huang Xie, a regular attendant waiting outside the palace gate, looking at the palace eunuch evergreen who stood at the gate of the palace all the year round, Huo Guang squinted and walked towards him.

Note: Change: In the Han Dynasty, the people in all parts of the Han Dynasty were also required to serve one month of unpaid labor in their county every year, engaged in local civil engineering, building bridges and roads, managing rivers and canals, and transferring Caogu to other labor. Because the servants take turns to serve, they are called "more", and the servants are called "more pawns".

Those who are unwilling or unable to serve in person can pay 300 yuan (one says 2,000 yuan) to hire someone to serve on their behalf, or the government does not need him to serve in person and order him to pay for his service. There are also those who are exempted from military service due to special circumstances, and they are called "reinstated". Those who were exempted from military service included: clans, nobles, bureaucrats with high lords and their relatives, the three elders of counties and townships, and those who were elected as filial piety and power; Doctoral disciples, other people who have passed the scriptures and those who have been specially approved for reinstatement; or those who have given birth to children, those who have mourned, and those who have been temporarily removed due to natural disasters and military disasters; The people of the places through which the emperor passed through were temporarily exempted from military service, and so on. In addition, it is stipulated that those who have received the title of "no change" in the first to fourth degrees can be exempted from military service for four years in advance; Those who are above the ninth level of the "five doctors" are not subject to forced labor.

The pawn is even more to serve a month of conscription every year, and the pawn is to directly hire someone to serve for a month of conscription with 2,000 yuan, and then he pays 300 per person to the government every year. In other words, the so-called "more endowment" only refers to the third mode of service. Because the three hundred dollars are given to the state, and the two thousand dollars are a transaction between the hired and the employed, and certainly cannot be counted as taxes. Immediately afterwards, he also cited the example of the Bu style as proof: it is recorded in the "Biography of the Bu Shi" that Emperor Wu once "gave 400 people outside the style". Wai Xuan, according to Su Lin's explanation, is the meaning of the border.

Emperor Wu sent 400 people to Bu Shi, not that there are 400 people in Bu Shi's family to serve in the conscription, the key is that everyone does not need to go to the outside line, but only needs to pay 300 yuan per person. Therefore, Emperor Wu's reward was actually to give the money to be paid by these 400 people.

Those who have no merit can pay money to buy a knight, and if you buy a knight, you can pay money, and you can pay slaves, and you can be exempted from military service when you buy a knight to the ninth level or above. In this way, the obligation of conscription in the Han Dynasty actually fell entirely on the people below the middle class.

Residential service

In the Han Dynasty, this kind of labor in the form of repayment of debts was still called "residential service". "Hanshu Zhaodi Era" Yuan Feng four years of Yan Note quoted as Chun's interpretation of the "more fu" saying: ""The law says, those who practice more will live also." In the county, May is also more. The so-called "practice", according to Ruchun, is "the poor want to hire more money, the second straight one pays to hire them, two thousand a month, is said to practice more." This is also called: "Those who practice the change are also dwelling." The meaning of "dwelling" apparently, then, includes the meaning of being employed by a person to serve a month's service in order to repay it.

Since the person who compensated for it is a one-month change, it is called "residence change". "Historical Records: The Biography of Wu Wangbi Suo Yin" said: "The case of "Han Law", there are more than three, practice, residence, and pass. There is also a mention of "Ju Chang". It can be seen that in the Han Dynasty, there were still remnants of the form of compensation for service as "residential service".

Oral endowment: "Hanyi Note": "From the age of seven to fourteen in the year of the people, the export of money, twenty-three, twenty yuan to eat the Son of Heaven, the third money, Emperor Wu added money, to make up for the car and ride a horse." ”

The royal family's treasury revenue. The age of the levy was lowered during the time of Emperor Wu. "Hanshu • The Biography of Gongyu": "Emperor Wu conquered Siyi, and when the people gave birth to a three-year-old son, he exported money. "Emperor Yuan restored the old system. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was reduced to less than one year old.