For many days, Ma Lin ate fat beef hot pot every day, and as a result, he was on fire and the corners of his mouth were foaming. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info Then, Marin paused eating hot pot.

However, so much beef was not consumed, and Marin did not stop eating beef. Then, Marlin switched to frying steaks. Pour oil over the pan first, then take out the best steak and add black pepper to make a black pepper steak. Of course, it's not the kind of half-cooked steak that is medium-rare or medium-rare, but eight-rare, which is tender and not so bad that it will upset your stomach because it is not cooked.

The introduction of fried steak with black pepper was also very popular. In this era, cattle were an important livestock, and beef was relatively rare. Ordinary people, generally eat pork or mutton. Beef, on the other hand, is often eaten by nobles and wealthy people.

It's just that French cuisine has not yet appeared in this era. Moreover, the Europeans were also short of food oil at this time. Therefore, it is still very rare to fry food in oil. More ways to cook are roasted and boiled.

Marin's black pepper fried steak perfectly combines the beef eaten by the upper class with the pepper eaten by the same upper class. Furthermore, the taste is wonderful. As a result, this simple and "aristocratic" way of eating beef, black pepper, butter or olive oil, and onions as adjuncts soon became popular in East Friesian Lamberan and spread throughout Europe.

A year later, a boatload of paper was suddenly brought back from Cape Breton Island in North America......

Marin took it very seriously and rushed to the port of Emden to personally inspect the quality of the papers. After inspection, Marin found that the paper seemed to be of very good quality. And, it seems, it caters to Marin's needs. There was a lot of oiled paper in this boatload of paper.

Marin once told the craftsmen who went to set up paper mills on the north side of Cape Breton Island that he wanted to make very cheap paper, and then make thick oiled paper, and use oiled paper bags instead of animal skins to become an important moisture-proof packaging bag.

Then, the papermakers sent to Cape Breton Island used whale oil, soaked the thick paper, and heated it to make whale oil paper.

However, Marin knows that the really good quality oiled paper is actually made by applying dry oil to the surface of the paper. Dry oils are mainly tung oil, catalpa oil, linseed oil, etc. This oil dries quickly, and it is easy to form an oxide layer on the surface of the paper, and the waterproof effect is good.

On the other hand, it is a non-drying oil. This oil is difficult to oxidize and dry, and it exists in a relatively stable oil state for a long time. This oil, because it is not easy to oxidize, is very suitable as a lubricant. Anyway, Marin remembered that his chemistry teacher had said in his previous life that non-drying oil was not suitable for making oiled paper.

And whale oil, it's weirder. Although it is an animal fat, it has a high iodine value, as high as 110 to 135, and is a semi-dry oil. The iodine value of butter and mutton fat is only thirty or forty points, which is an obvious non-drying oil.

Therefore, in order to enhance the performance, the paper must be soaked in sulfuric acid before butter is applied. Otherwise, butter is not easy to oxidize, and it is difficult to form a dry protective oil film on the surface of the paper.

And because whale oil is a semi-dry oil, it is not as difficult to oxidize as butter. Therefore, the quality of whale oil paper, although not as good as the quality of tung oil paper, is barely enough.

Touching the whale oil paper, Marlin didn't notice that his hands had become greasy. Therefore, these whale oil papers, after a long time, or after high temperature drying, can still form an oxide oil film.

With this batch of whale oil paper, Marin decided to find someone to make these whale oil papers into oil paper bags. In the future, goods that are easily damp, such as cane sugar and salt, will be sealed and packaged in oil-paper bags to avoid moisture deterioration.

You know, these days, cane sugar and salt are very expensive commodities. If it deteriorates due to moisture, the damage is very large.

However, it was because the cost of oiled paper was too high. In addition, it is difficult to make qualified oil paper with animal oil. Therefore, in order to protect valuable commodities such as sugar and salt, many people use animal skin bags to store these things.

Marin's paper mill on Cape Breton Island has low papermaking costs due to the use of papermaking technology from later generations. According to the report sent by Garland, the cost of paper production at the Cape Breton Island paper mill is quite low. Because, among the raw materials for papermaking, except for sodium sulfate, it needs to be purchased from Egypt, which is a bit of a cost. The rest, such as timber, are simply cut down everywhere. This stuff is everywhere in North America. The same is true of the coal used as fuel, and there happens to be a large coal mine on Cape Breton Island - the North Sydney Coal Mine.

Generally speaking, the cost of making paper on Cape Breton Island is the sodium sulfate imported from Egypt, and the labor cost of logging and digging and transporting coal, plus some salaries of papermakers. This cost is nothing in the face of efficient chemical pulping with modern technology.

According to the estimates of Tara's assistants, the cost of making paper on Cape Breton Island is about 1 pfennig per 100 pieces of paper, which is several times lower than the cost of Daming's papermaking.

This is also something that can't be helped, who is called Daming's papermaking, the cycle is more than 100 days. And on Cape Breton Island, turning wood into pulp is enough in one day. Therefore, although the salaries of Ma Lin's papermakers are higher than those of the craftsmen on the Daming side, the labor costs such as logging are also higher than those of the Daming papermaking workshops. However, in the face of efficient modern technology, this gap has long been offset. And, much more.

I heard that a hundred pieces of paper cost only one penny, and Jeffrey, who came to join in the fun, could hold a big goose egg in his mouth. He has been a veteran official for many years, and he has a lot to do with paper.

Jeffrey knows very well that at present, in Europe, the price of paper is 1 pfennig per piece. Its cost, which is about 1 pfennig, is enough to reach the cost of paper at the paper mill on Cape Malin Breton Island, dozens of times.

In other words, Marin has reduced the cost of papermaking by dozens of times. This is definitely of great significance for the spread of culture.

In the past, the average person was paid only 2 pfennigs a day. And the price of a piece of paper is 1 pfennig. In other words, the average person has only enough to buy two pieces of paper after one day's labor......

Under such circumstances, can ordinary children afford to read? Obviously can't afford to read. You know, a book has dozens of sheets of paper (a large piece of paper that is opened). And that's just the cost of paper, but also the knowledge itself. Coupled with the cost of printing and other costs, ordinary people may not be able to afford a book after working for a month. So, before the middle of the 19th century, the average person could not afford to read.

It is known that in the mid-19th century, after the emergence of mechanical pulping and chemical pulping, the cost of papermaking was greatly reduced. Then, European culture spread rapidly, and science really took off in the second half of the 19th century.

Therefore, the decline in the cost of paper has a great impact on society.

Marin saw these cheap papers produced on Cape Breton Island, as if he had seen a great development in technology. And, of course, the promotion of cheap oil-paper bags. In the future, the preservation and transportation of goods that are susceptible to moisture, with a large number of cheap oil paper bags, is no longer a big problem......