Chapter 95 Development of explosives

After Xia Xue fought with the famous general of the Sui army in Pingnan Prefecture, Jianzhou Assassin Shi Xinwenli, she deeply realized the power of the ancient regular army in the cold weapon era, even if Li Jing trained the soldiers well, it was difficult to achieve absolute superiority, not to mention that the angel army has always been seriously lacking in war horses and cavalry, so it is inevitable to be at a disadvantage in the cold weapon war.

Xia Xue knew that in order to occupy an absolute advantage in the era of cold weapons, she must use the power of science and technology to develop thermal weapons, including gunpowder, explosives, firearms, and so on.

Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of China. Gunpowder is also known as black. Gunpowder, which mainly refers to a black or brown explosive made by a mechanical mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur. In fact, gunpowder was inadvertently invented by ancient Taoists in the Sui and Tang dynasties when refining elixir for immortality. The alchemists of the Sui and Tang dynasties had already mastered a very important experience, that is, sulfur, nitrate, and carbon could constitute an extremely flammable medicine, which was called "fire medicine", that is, gunpowder. Since the invention of gunpowder came from the process of making pills and dispensing medicines, after the invention of gunpowder, it was used as medicine in the Sui and Tang dynasties.

The content of sulfur and nitrate in gunpowder in the Tang Dynasty was the same, which was 1 to 1, and the power was not great. In the Song Dynasty, gunpowder began to officially equip the army, and the ratio of sulfur and nitrate content of gunpowder was already 1 to 2, or even close to 1 to 3, and the power increased greatly. However, in this way, Xia Xue also knows the black. The limitations of gunpowder, the power is still too small, and it will fail when it rains or is damp, and it is more troublesome and dangerous to store and transport, and it will explode if you are not careful.

Xia Xue has a wealth of chemical knowledge and basically knows the types of gunpowder in later generations, such as: picric acid, mercury thunderate, nitration. Glycerol, trinitro. Toluene (abbreviation: TN.T), yellow gunpowder, Dana explosives, bibase explosives, smokeless gunpowder, black cord. Nowadays and so on, it is not known what type of explosives are more suitable for the production of this era.

Like nitrification. Glycerin is too sensitive, it will explode when it is shocked or impacted, and it is very dangerous and unsafe to develop explosives for the time being, such as C.4 plastic explosives and liquid launches. The need for medicine is too high-tech to be done at present. The traditional black gunpowder is too powerful to play a decisive role in this era of cold weapons, otherwise the Song army, which is equipped with a large number of gunpowder weapons, would not have been defeated by the Jin State and the Mongolian State.

After repeated trade-offs, Xia Xue finally decided to focus on the development of Thorn. TN.T. – Invented in 1863 by J. Wilbrand. It is a very powerful and fairly safe explosive, and even if it is penetrated by a bullet, it generally does not burn and detonate. It began to be widely used in the early 20th century to load various ammunition and carry out explosions, gradually replacing picric acid. Until the end of World War II, TNT was the best explosive in terms of overall performance and was known as the "King of Dynamite".

Also: Hesso. It was invented by the German Henning in 1899. Before the advent of the atomic bomb, it was the most powerful explosive, also known as the "cyclone". After the Second World War, it replaced the throne of the "King of Dynamite" of TNT. Hesso. Gold is mixed with mineral oil and lecithin to make C-1 explosives, which are no less effective than TNT, but their synthetic raw materials are cheaper and more abundant.

TN.T and Hesso-T are two types of explosives that are powerful, relatively stable, and relatively safe, but they require lightning to detonate. Tube. So Xia Xue decided to carry out thunder at the same time. Tube R&D. In 1779, the English chemist E. Howard invented the Ray . Mercury, also known as mercury thunderate. It is a kind of detonation. Medicine, which is used to load mines for blasting. Tube. Ray at the time. Inside the tube is a single mercury thunderate, which is not very stable, and it is easy to produce unstable mercury thunderate after contact with copper, etc., and it is easy to produce unstable thunderate and accidents. Later Ray. The tube was changed to lead azide, which is a bit more stable. Lead azide as a starting point. Burst. medicine, low hygroscopicity, but can also explode in water. Under the drying strip, it generally does not interact with metals, and the thermal stability is better, and it is prepared by the reaction of sodium azide solution with lead acetate or lead nitrate solution. It is a kind of elemental with excellent performance. Burst. Medicine. For loading mines. Tube and bottom. The fire performance is more suitable.

In view of the backwardness of smelting and forging processing technology and the low scientific and technological productivity during the Sui Dynasty, Xia Xue was unable to produce rifled steel pipes suitable for guns for the time being, so it is estimated that the guns of later generations could not be manufactured for the time being. I could only choose a firearm with relatively simple production technology, easy to carry and use, and a certain power, and finally decided to develop a batch of early grenades after repeated selections. Bullet, the kind of grenade with a wooden handle. Play.

Wooden handle grenade. It consists of a cylindrical cast iron projectile body, a pull fire delay tube, and a mine. Pipes, wooden handles and explosives. When used, the firing wire is violently pulled out from the tail of the wooden handle, and the firing wire is ignited by friction of the firing wire parts, igniting the delay medicine (the delay time is 4~5 seconds), and then detonating the thunder. tubes and explosives. This wooden-handled grenade. The structure of the bomb is simple, easy to manufacture, easy to carry, and has a certain power.

Since chemical experiments are to be carried out, some glass measuring tools need to be made. Xia Xue decided to develop glass production at the same time. She found that the Sui Dynasty did not produce glass, and the mirrors used for makeup were not very clear copper mirrors. If glass is produced, the dressing mirror alone will definitely make a lot of money, and Xia Xue is happy when she thinks of another way to make money. For Xia Xue from the future, she has never rejected wealth, she believes that wealth is a good thing, a material guarantee that is beneficial to mankind, and her enthusiasm for starting a company to make money is incomprehensible to the conservatives who were generally popular in the Sui Dynasty with the idea of valuing agriculture and ignoring business.

The technology of glass production is relatively explosive, mine. The tube is much simpler, and Fujian is full of quartz sand rich in silica, which is the main raw material for making glass. Xia Xue decided to adapt measures to local conditions, so she decided to use quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar and limestone as raw materials, after mixing, high-temperature melting, homogenization, processing and forming, and then annealing to obtain brittle and transparent portland glass. This glass is brittle but transparent, making it ideal for vanity mirrors and various glass containers. And the process flow is simple and easy to manufacture.

For glass, Xia Xue knows that there is an old story.

More than 1,000 years before the Sui Dynasty, a European Phoenician merchant ship, loaded with the crystalline mineral "natural soda", sailed on the Belus River on the Mediterranean coast. Due to the low tide of the sea, the merchant ship ran aground. So the crew took to the beach. Some crew members also brought cauldrons, firewood, and used a few pieces of "natural soda" as a support for the cauldron to cook on the beach.

After the crew finished eating, the tide began to rise. They were about to pack up and board the ship to continue sailing, when suddenly someone shouted, "Come and see, everyone, there is something bright and shining in the sand under the pot!" ”

The crew brought these glittering things to the ship and studied them carefully. They found that there was some quartz sand and melted natural soda stuck to these shiny things. It turned out that these glittering things were the natural soda that they used to make the stand for the pot when cooking, and under the action of the flame, the crystals produced by chemical reaction with the quartz sand on the beach, this is the earliest glass. Later, the Phoenicians made a fortune by mixing quartz sand with natural soda and melting it in a special furnace to make glass balls.

Around the 4th century AD, the Romans began to apply glass to windows and doors. By 1291 AD, glassmaking technology in Italy was already very advanced.

"Our country's glass-making technology must not leak out, and all the craftsmen who make glass are concentrated together to produce glass!"

In this way, Italian glassmakers were sent to produce glass on an isolated island, from which they were not allowed to leave for the rest of their lives.

This story tells Xia Xue that no matter how simple the technology is, the core secret cannot be leaked, otherwise it will not be able to make a lot of money for a long time, which is called "patent protection" in later generations, but there is no such concept in ancient times, and it can only rely on confidentiality measures.

So, for the production of glass, salt pans, explosives, mines. Tubes, grenades. Bomb manufacturing and other technology, Xia Xue is strictly confidential, select talents, workers, in Pingtan 126 islands carefully selected more than a dozen suitable islands as factory sites and research and development bases, the island's research and development personnel, workers are quite high, the welfare is quite good, but not allowed to leave without authorization, their families are also taken to the island and live with them, are sent to guard the army stationed for protection, closed management, strict prevention of technical secrets leakage.

Of course, like high-energy explosives, mines. Tube. This kind of technology that requires high chemical knowledge can only be developed by Xia Xue himself, and it is impossible for anyone to understand it in this era, but fortunately, Xia Xue is a doctor of chemical biology and is quite proficient in chemistry. Tube, etc., is still relatively relaxed. In addition, the clothes, helmets, gloves, underwear, shoes and socks worn by Xia Xue are all high-tech products from the future, with super protection, and Xia Xue is well protected from head to toe. When doing these dangerous experiments, Xia Xue usually adjusts the protective performance of the clothes to the highest, although the smart airbag in the clothes is full of air, and the figure looks relatively bloated, but life safety is the first place, and Xia Xue doesn't care if the body is beautiful or not. This high-tech suit, helmet, gloves, etc., is useful for studying these dangerous explosives, mines. The pipe is very suitable, and there were several accidental explosions, but Xia Xue was unscathed. Of course, Xia Xue kept these dangerous explosives strictly secret its development technology, and only knew the core technology such as formulas.

Although the Sui Dynasty did not distill baijiu, most of the liquor drunk was a low-alcohol rice wine, such as the famous "Du Kang liquor". For distilled liquor with a higher degree, Xia Xue also knew that if it was produced, the sales should be very good, and it could also make a lot of money for the angel company. However, liquor is a distilled liquor made from grains as the main raw material, with Daqu, Xiaoqu or bran koji and the mother of liquor as saccharification starter agents, and is made by cooking, saccharification, fermentation and distillation. Although the process is not complicated, the sales volume is expected to be large, and the profit is also very high, but because it will consume a lot of food, Xia Xue decided not to produce it after thinking about it again, after all, in troubled times, food is already in short supply, and it cannot be wasted. What's more, in addition to containing a very small amount of sodium, copper, zinc, almost no vitamins and calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc., contains only water and ethanol (alcohol), without any nutrition, drinking too much also harms health, this kind of life-saving food in short supply into dispensable only stimulating luxury drinks, in the troubled times, Xia Xue must be resolutely abandoned. Therefore, from beginning to end, Xia Xue's angel company has never built a winery. As Xia Xue, who has the world in mind, of course, she can't only think about the word "money" in her eyes.