The opening of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal was formed on the basis of local canals, and without the excavation of local canals, it would be impossible to open the Sui-Tang Grand Canal.

Even during the period of secession, the local government dug some local canals, which, objectively speaking, prepared for the Grand Canal of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

During the period of Emperor Wen of Sui, through the dredging of the trough canal in the Han Dynasty, the Guangtong Canal (also known as the Fumin Canal and the Yongji Canal) was opened, which was in the south of Weishui, near the South Mountain and east, and connected to the Yellow River in Tongguan.

In the period of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was divided into four: Tongji Canal, Hangou, Yongji Canal, and Jiangnan Canal.

The Sui Dynasty's motivation for building the canal went beyond the purpose of serving military operations. Mainly because the economy of the south developed rapidly at that time and had become the center of gravity of the national economy. Therefore, the state needs to strengthen the management of the south, Chang'an needs to connect with the rich economic zone, and the south needs food and materials to supply the north.

Of course, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty repaired the canal, and there were political considerations. Like moving the capital, it is also to get rid of the control of the Guanlong aristocracy.

And history is such an irony, Qin Shi Huang was scolded for building the Great Wall, but the Great Wall has become one of the wonders of the world and the pride of the descendants of Yan and Huang.

The Grand Canal is the same, Emperor Yang of Sui was scolded bloody, and the construction of the canal also became the cause of his demise, but the historical role played by the Grand Canal lasted for thousands of years, and several dynasties benefited from it.

When Xu Qilin sailed on the Grand Canal by boat, he couldn't help but sigh that the opening of the Grand Canal can be said to be a merit in the present and a benefit for the future. And Emperor Yang of Sui's comments on the merits and crimes of this person are really complicated.

In this regard, Xu Qilin agrees with what a philosopher said: A dynasty has existed for a long time, and this dynasty has produced many saints, because the people who write history are the historians of this dynasty, and most of them sing praises of virtue.

And a dynasty has existed for a short time, so there is probably no good person, because the historians of his dynasty who write history are all good words? After all, there are not many people like Sima Qian.

In addition to emotion, Xu Qilin also sees a prosperous canal economy in the future. The potential for exploitation is enormous, but it is far from being reached.

Connecting the economy of the North and the South, promoting exchanges between the North and the South, and eliminating the differences between the North and the South, at that time, only the Grand Canal could do it.

Speaking of which, others think that it is hard to run outside, but Xu Qilin regards this as an experience and a trip to enjoy the beautiful scenery.

From the confusion that came through, to adaptation, and even to integrate into it, Xu Qilin found that he loved Datang, this long and ancient land, the simple people here, and the beautiful scenery here.

Although there are unsatisfactory places, perfection does not exist, neither national nor individual. He is willing to work hard for the people's peace and contentment, for the happiness of his family, and for the country's strength and prosperity.

"Ah Lang, since there are reports from officials from all over the country, why do you have to go there in person." Wu Xiang squatted on the deck and asked a little puzzled: "This back and forth, two or three months will not last." ”

Xu Qilin raised his eyebrows and asked rhetorically, "What, this is homesick?" ”

"Well, that's not it." Wu Siong snorted, but his expression showed that he was indeed homesick.

Xu Qilin laughed twice and said, "Just looking at those reports, you can't accurately understand the situation. I don't see that I still have a lot of people with me, the equipment for loading and unloading and transportation at the wharf, the ships needed for each section, and the shipwrights to be recruited for the establishment of a shipping company. ”

This is not wrong, many things are the first time, except for Xu Qilin, others may not be able to grasp the key to it. The saving of freight involves many aspects, and the big and small ones cannot be ignored, so that the cost can be reduced to the bones.

The imperial court has not yet given a clear answer to the question of using salt to hire shipwrights instead of conscription, and it may also depend on the extent to which this freight can be saved.

If you save a lot, in order to reduce the burden of the people and gain a good reputation of loving the people, His Majesty Li Er will most likely agree, and the ministers of the court and the central government will not oppose it too much.

And some inconspicuous places, such as the use of lifting equipment loading and unloading, grain is changed to standard sacks or wooden boxes for container and systematic transportation. According to Xu Qilin's calculations, the freight cost per bucket of rice can be reduced by 17 wen.

What kind of concept is this, transporting millions of stone of grain to Chang'an, just this one, can save 170 yuan. And by detouring the land route of Sanmenxia, each bucket of rice can save 100 wen, and a million stones is a thousand times.

The section-level transshipment is the bulk of the freight reduction, and it is also the key. It not only reduces the burden of Jiangnan shipbuilders, but also reduces the useless consumption of waiting along the way.

This is not the end, if the shipping company is established, the south goods are transported to the north, the north goods are transported to the south, the reasonable scheduling, the ship does not run out, and the benefits will be more significant.

According to Xu Qilin's rough calculation, even the province earns money, and 100,000 yuan per year is still a conservative number.

Wu Xiang is dutiful as a bodyguard, but where did he know Xu Qilin's planning, he only felt that it was so hard and a little homesick.

Of course, Xu Qilin also wants to live comfortably, but he has to eat and wait, so he can't be sorry for his age, his sister, his eldest brother, and his little sister.

As for the promotion, Xu Qilin asked for it on the surface, but he was actually not very enthusiastic. The court is full of human spirits, and it is not a group of harmony, and it is not very easy to stand firm.

Especially in feudal society, the emperor decides everything, if you don't like it, you will be distributed, and if you are killed, what tricks do you have?

It's good to be like now, take care of it yourself, isn't it just to make money, and the brains of future generations can still be stumped by this.

"Ah Lang said that the play of "Meeting" is very popular, can we watch it when we go back?" Wu Xiang was embarrassed to mention Zheng Tuantuan, so let's take what Xu Qilin told him.

Xu Qilin didn't care, and he knew what this guy was thinking, and said: "My own drama troupe, when do you want to act, this is still a thing?" Don't think nonsense, follow a certain with peace of mind, your benefits are indispensable. ”

Wu Xiang smiled, and began to think about what the benefits were, whether to ask Ah Lang to help tell Zheng Niangzi about matchmaking.

Xu Qilin's eyes had moved to a small boat going upstream, seeing that the old man of the boat was not young, and he was skilled in handling the boat, and there was a woman next to him, holding a penny in his hand and supporting the boat hard.

The woman was not very old, her face was quite tanned, her feet were bare, and sweat was dripping down her sideburns. It was quite far away, but he just looked this way for a moment, and then concentrated on supporting the boat again.

Life is not easy, I should be lucky, I don't have to work as hard as them.

Xu Qilin sighed, shifted his gaze again, and looked at the scenery along the coast.

The crops in the fields had been harvested, and they were bare, and most of the green of the trees had been replaced by yellow. Autumn is crisp and airy, and there are few pedestrians.

The busy farming season has passed, and most people will not be able to hoe and plow again until the beginning of spring next year. If you can make a living in the winter, preferably at home, your income will increase and your labor productivity will increase.

Just pointing to farming, if there is no disaster, it is good to be able to get food and clothing. If you have a side hustle, wouldn't it be faster to run to a well-off life?

Xu Qilin lowered his eyelids and fell into deep thought again.

…………….

Chang'an Qianqiu Palace.

A few days ago, I went out for a walk, listened to songs, and watched a play, but His Majesty Li Er's mood was still somewhat soothed.

Today, His Majesty Li Er is still in a good mood, especially when he saw the letter from his fat son and the report submitted through normal channels.

Obviously, Li Sipang is really enlightened. Not only did he write a letter to his father to greet him and give him a gift, but he also wrote a letter to his brother in Beijing, which also expressed his heart.

In this regard, His Majesty Li Er expressed his great satisfaction. Although he killed his brother and slaughtered his brother through the Xuanwu Gate Change, who wants his son to kill each other again?

After reading the fat son's letters, and then reading the fat son's recital, His Majesty Li Er felt even more comfortable. He didn't expect that this fat son not only had outstanding literary talents, but also had deep insights into the livelihood of Datang.

Speaking of the decline of the Tang Dynasty, I am afraid that a very important point is the rise and abandonment of the government military system, as well as the implementation and disintegration of the Juntian system.

The government military system was based on the Juntian system, and the collapse of the Juntian system led to the abolition of the government military system, followed by the decline of the Tang Dynasty's military power and the emergence of warlord secession.

Therefore, the Juntian system is regarded as a key factor in the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty in history.

And Li Sipang's report was aimed at the drawbacks of the uniform field system and the difficulty of the people migrating from narrow townships to wide villages.

The origin of the Juntian system is very early, from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty has a history of hundreds of years. Its purpose is to allow the common people to have land to survive, and the rich are not enough to constitute an invasion.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were historical reasons for the adoption of the Juntian system, as well as the basis for its implementation. The rebellion at the end of the Sui Dynasty and frequent wars caused a sharp decline in population and a large amount of barren land.

As a result, in the early Tang Dynasty, the state had a large amount of land allocated to the peasants. And after the people received the land, they did not take possession of it forever, but returned most of it to the state after death, and the state distributed it to others.

On the surface, this seems to be no problem. As long as the territory of the Tang Dynasty is wide enough and there is enough land allocation, this system can be implemented for a long time.

However, in fact, by the time of Gojong, the Juntian system was on the verge of collapse, because of the inevitable shortcomings of the Juntian system.

Because the land in the Tang Dynasty was divided into Yongye field and Kou field, the former generally included residential land and mulberry land, etc., which were private in nature and could be passed on to descendants or bought and sold; The latter is distributed according to the population, and people are entitled to distribution as soon as they are born, and they have to be reclaimed as soon as they die.

As a result, as the population increases, the original land can no longer meet the needs, and the less land can be allocated in the populous areas, far from reaching the level set by the government.

Moreover, due to the frequent occurrence of land reclamation and field division, the land is fragmented. The land owned by a single family is often scattered.

In the absence of modern means of transportation and transportation, it was quite difficult for farmers to cultivate fields that were far apart.

According to historical records, the farthest distance of land owned by people in the Tang Dynasty reached a distance of 100 miles. A hundred miles, there are cars and still make up, in ancient times, it was really impossible to farm.

Moreover, how many bureaucrats there are in Chang'an, and how many fields they have to occupy, that's a huge number.

According to the regulations, the nobles with titles from the prince to the prince and the prince were subject to the Yongye field from 100 hectares to 5 hectares. The ministry officials were reduced from the first grade to the eighth and ninth grades, and the sixty hectares of Yongye Tian were reduced to two hectares. Loose officials of five grades or above are subject to the same ministry of Yongye Tian. The commander went from Shangzhu State to Yunqi and Wuqi Lieutenant, and was reduced to 60 acres by 30 acres of Yongye Field.

In addition, bureaucrats and government offices at all levels also receive different amounts of land and public land, with the rent of the land being used as a supplement to the bureaucracy's income, and the rent of the public land being used as the cost of the government.

The phenomenon of insufficient land is particularly prominent in Guanzhong, not only because of the increasing population in Guanzhong, but also because of the fields allocated by the imperial court to the ministers, so that the farmers in Guanzhong are allocated less and less land.

There is no sufficient amount of land, but Dingkou has to pay a fixed amount of rent, which is a very heavy burden. When it reached a certain point, the peasants could not afford it, and they were left with the only option to flee.

In order to solve this problem, the imperial court also introduced a policy of migrating from narrow villages to wide villages, allowing people in areas with many people and few places to move to areas with few people and many lands.

But the policy is the policy, and there is no possibility of implementation without considering the specific conditions at the time, that is, empty documents.

You think, the landless peasants and the landless homeless people certainly want to get enough land, but migrating to distant places is the greatest difficulty they face, and it is not an exaggeration to say that it is dangerous.

First of all, there is no specific direction. This does not exist in later generations, open the computer and check the Internet, where there are preferential policies, and give the field and the house; Where there are many fields, it is clear how many people will be recruited to cultivate them.

But at that time, the common people were black-eyed. Being able to walk out of the place where you are for a hundred miles is already considered to be a faraway person, and a knowledgeable person, who may know the specific situation of a farther place.

I don't know where to go, let alone how to go, so it's very possible to drag my family to the distance and starve to death on the road.

Just like the spontaneous "breaking into the east of the country" and "going to the west exit" in history, it was really forced to have no tricks, so I could only use my life to break through.

Moreover, how many people died on the way to "go to the east of the country" and "go to the west exit", how many of them reached their destination, and how many of them were able to settle down in a strange land?

Therefore, allowing the people to move freely is nonsense, and it is useless to have policies. If you don't die of hunger, you'd rather beg for food locally than leave your hometown and run for a future with little hope.

Therefore, without the support and guidance of the government, it would be an empty phrase for the people to spontaneously migrate to Kuanxiang. The so-called policy is also nonsense, and there is no possibility of implementation.

And Li Sipang's report was written precisely in response to these, and proposed a solution, although it is not perfect, but it can alleviate the shortcomings of Guanzhong's narrow land and large number of people.

To be honest, although Xu Qilin's thoughts and suggestions are included in this report, even he can't solve the difficulties forever. Although he believed that the Juntian system and the government military system were the foundation of the Tang Dynasty's strength.