Chapter 248: Test Flight Report
Qin Feng's test flight report is to look at this fighter from a higher angle, and even Qin Feng has picked up the history of Dassault for this reason, and this analysis is quite objective and in place.
After each day's test flight report and the analysis of each subsystem were objectively in place, Qin Feng made a lengthy summary at the end.
The development of Mirage 2000 began 20 years ago.
In the 60s and 70s, Dassault's fighter development fell into a kind of confusion. It can be seen that Dassault has engaged in many kinds of fighter layouts during the same period, such as swept wings, variable swept wings, tailless delta wings and other aerodynamic shapes.
It can be summarized as follows:
The swept wing aerodynamic layout, which is the normal aerodynamic layout, represents the Phantom F1.
The aerodynamic layout of the variable swept wing represents the Mirage G series fighters.
The tailless delta wing layout, which is the layout that Dassault has always adopted, the Mirage III, the Mirage V are all this layout.
Generally speaking, a design company has its own best plan, for example, our 601 institute is the best at normal layout, and our 611 institute has a soft spot for duck layout.
Dassault, on the other hand, has lost its way, and they are extremely confused in the choice of aerodynamic layout.
Originally, after going around in a circle, Dassault determined the design scheme of using twin engines and swept wings on its future fighter Super Phantom project, the Mirage G8 fighter, which was almost a matter of following the crowd.
However, their power system was inferior to that of the United States and the Soviet Union, and their electronic systems were also average, and at this time, Dassault found that it was impossible to succeed if it only relied on chasing the United States and the Soviet Union.
For example, in the competition for fighter jets in the four Nordic countries, the Phantom lost to the F16.
This gave Dassault a shock, they knew that they were engaged in the same aerodynamic layout as the United States and the Soviet Union, but the engine and avionics were not good, and they could only lose worse if they followed the rules.
With this in mind, Dassault finally closed the planned projects and decided to return to their best aerodynamic layout, which is the old Mirage tailless delta wing aerodynamic layout, which is almost a facelift of the Mirage III.
However, through the integration of new technologies, they have made this old model more powerful.
This is the use of a statically unstable pneumatic layout and a fly-by-wire control system.
The original tailless delta wing layout has inherent shortcomings such as poor take-off and landing performance, but through this improvement method, not only the original layout shortcomings have been corrected, but also give full play to the advantages of low body structure weight, large wing area, low wing load, and large wing space in this layout.
During this period of time, Qin Feng not only tested the Mirage 2000, but also turned out these old bottoms of Dassault.
Different from domestic secrecy, in the Western world, many are liberalized, especially Dassault, when Dassault wants to start pre-researching what fighters, it can't wait to publicize it to the outside world.
This is also determined by the basic national conditions, Dassault is eager to have foreign customers interested in the pre-research, and invest funds to intervene at the initial stage.
Therefore, Qin Feng also had the opportunity to find the complete process and add his own analysis.
From a distance, it seems that the Mirage 2000 is the same as the Mirage III, but the interior has been reborn.
Qin Feng's report focused on static instability and fly-by-wire control, although it was transformed on the basis of old aircraft, but these two characteristics improved the performance of the fighter by a large margin!
The fighter of the future must have these two characteristics!
After talking about the whole, let's talk about the engine.
Dassault's engine technology, on the whole, and the United States and the Soviet Union are gaps, and the gap with the United Kingdom is not small, in the RB199 engine thrust-to-weight ratio has reached 8, their M53 engine is only about 5, only and Spey an order of magnitude.
But looking at Dassault's engine development, there are many successful experiences that we can learn from. Step by step, based on the existing technology, they steadily continue to improve and improve.
Until then, Dassault fighters had been using the Atta series engine, which is a medium-thrust or single-rotor engine. It has a large size, low thrust, low thrust-to-weight ratio, and a maximum thrust of only 7.2 tons, which belongs to the level of the bottom of the turbojet engine in various countries in the same period.
When the technology was not up to scratch, Dassault simply made some improvements and created the unique single-rotor turbofan engine M53.
Although it has Achilles' heels such as small boost ratio, poor acceleration performance, low thrust, low thrust-to-weight ratio, and large fuel consumption, after all, in terms of thrust, it has met the power needs of the third-generation aircraft.
This has a great enlightening effect on the development of our fighters.
At the same time, when the power system of the fighter cannot reach the leading level, improving the performance by controlling the empty weight of the fighter is another major aspect.
The 7.5-ton empty weight of the Mirage 2000 is lighter than the 7.62 tons of the F-16 fighter, and although the empty weight is lighter, its internal oil is about 3.2 tons like the F-16, and the external weight is 6.3 tons, which is a good level.
Since the engine thrust of the Mirage 2000 is only 9 tons, the thrust weight is relatively low, and the climb performance and acceleration performance are significantly inferior to the F-16.
However, it makes up for it with a plistic layout, such as its delta wing layout, tapered air intakes, and the small windward area of the M53 engine, etc., all of which allow it to cleverly make up for these shortcomings, and in these test flights, the high-altitude high-speed performance and supersonic performance of the Mirage 2000 are good.
At the same time, the delta wing area is large and the wing load is low, so the Mirage 2000 has excellent instantaneous disc performance. During this test flight, we also observed the Mirage 4000 fighter, which is a twin-engine version of the Mirage 2000, but with movable canards, and the performance has been improved.
It can be said that in the case that the integrity is not as advanced as the world's advanced level, this layout is the most suitable choice.
When he wrote this, Qin Feng also put down his pen and thought, in this case, isn't he selling melons in Wang Po and recommending the new annihilation project of the 611 Institute?
However, he quickly became firm, he did it himself, not out of selfishness, but for the country, he only recommended the best and most suitable plan, besides, he just said what he should say, and the specific situation has to be decided by the superiors.
In terms of avionics, the overall performance of the Mirage 2000 is good, but it does not use pulse-Doppler radar technology, which makes it impossible to distinguish the target in the ground echo.
This is a small regret, but on the whole, the avionics of the Mirage 2000 have brought too much shock to Qin Feng, and advanced avionics technology is a fundamental and hard condition for the third generation fighter!