Waterpower!

Even though the use of water power has such and such limitations, especially the long winter frozen river surface limits the use of water power, but the use of water still greatly changes the appearance of Jiangbei, and the hundreds of continuous water wheels on the banks of the Yellow River are extremely spectacular.

Hydraulic forging hammer, hydraulic sawing machine, hydraulic lathe, hydraulic drilling machine, hydraulic chamber machine, hydraulic grinding machine...... And so on, dozens of hydraulic machine tools with different functions, so that Jiangbei's factories have mastered the production technology of the leading times, and to a certain extent, now Jiangbei's arsenal in addition to the motive uses water conservancy, the equipment in its factory, and even the early 19th century is not much different - in the past year, Zhu Mingzhong lathes, boring machines, threading machine tools and grinding machines, as well as planers, milling machines and other dozens of machine tools into this era, although these machine tools are primitive, the machining accuracy can be described as rough, However, the use of these machine tools marks that Jiangbei's industry has entered a completely different era, and Jiangbei is opening the door to the industrial revolution step by step.

Of course, unlike the industrial revolution in Britain, which was driven by the textile industry, the use of such tools and machines in Jiangbei was driven by the production of munitions and transportation machinery, and various types of machine tools appeared one after another to serve the production of munitions.

Under the rotation of the hydraulic transmission shaft, the reel rotates slowly, although the speed is not fast, but the finger thick copper bar is drawn into a thin wire in this rolling, and the copper wire passes through multiple steel wire drawing plates, and is finally cold-drawn into a copper wire slightly thicker than a hair, and then is rolled into the wooden shaft.

These copper wires are specially made, although the copper wires are specially made, but the equipment that produces copper wires used to be the equipment that produces iron wires, and of course copper wires will also be produced, after all, whether it is the production of armor or the production of muskets, it is necessary to use small iron nails or copper nails, which are made of iron wire or copper wire cutting.

No one knows what these copper wires are used for, but the arsenal only produces copper wires according to orders, and winds these copper wires into copper wires like ropes with dozens of copper wires, some of which are wrapped with a layer of gum, and the manufactured copper wires are then loaded on wooden shafts and waiting to be shipped out of the factory.

After the copper wire is transported from the factory, it will be installed on a wooden post outside, one end of which is connected to the government office, and the other end is a military camp a few miles away, although outsiders do not know what to do, but for Zhu Mingzhong, he knows exactly what he is doing.

"It's not enough to have a lead-acid battery, you need a generator......

In the laboratory of the Yamen of the Metropolitan Administration, looking at some primitive lead-acid batteries on the table, Zhu Mingzhong said to himself, lead-acid batteries are not complicated, just two lead plates immersed in sulfuric acid solution can store electricity, but this is only to solve the problem of electricity storage.

"The battery can be used on the receiver, and if you want to send a report, the capacity of the battery is too small......"

Looking at the simple newspaper on the table, Zhu Mingzhong muttered to himself.

As an engineering student, after thinking of the telegraph, standing on the shoulders of giants, he built a telegraph, a battery, and a hand-cranked generator in just a few days.

In fact, the receiver and transmitter are very simple to manufacture. The wires are wound around the magnet separately, which is a piece of soft iron with wires around it. In this way, electricity can be applied between the poles; The current starts from the anode, passes through the line, and when it passes through the magnet, the magnet is temporarily magnetized, and then the current returns to the cathode from the ground. If the circuit is interrupted, the magnet will immediately lose its magnetism. As long as a piece of soft iron is placed in front of the magnet, when the circuit is turned on, it will be sucked in, and when the circuit is interrupted, it will fall.

After the movable device of the iron sheet is completed, the rest of the work will be simple, and the pointer will be installed on the iron plate, and the two telegraph stations can be connected. And the pointer on the iron piece is actually connected to the lead core, when the power supply is connected, the iron piece bounces, and the end with the soft lead core lays a lead dot on the paper, because the power supply has not been disconnected, so the iron piece continues to bounce up and down to dot the paper. As one end of the strip is slowly withdrawn, a strip of paper with evenly distributed ink dots can be obtained, and the line can be typed by adjusting the opening and closing time.

In fact, this is the famous "Morse code", which is borrowed from the combination of symbols to represent letters and numbers, and can be used to transmit words through wires. At that time, it was remarkable that such an encoding could be designed to convey information, and the design and device were greatly simplified by simply emitting two electrical symbols.

And now, Zhu Mingzhong, who is standing on the shoulders of giants, has effortlessly invented the telegraph and borrowed the "Morse code" with his understanding of it.

It's just that unlike the "Morse code", the telegram code used by Zhu Mingzhong is a four-code telegram code. That is, each Chinese character corresponds to a four-digit number from 0001 to 9999. For example, the four-digit number corresponding to the Chinese character "一" is "0001", the four-digit number corresponding to "ding" is "0002", the four-digit number corresponding to "seven" is "0003", and so on. When a message is sent, a Chinese character is converted into a corresponding four-digit number and sent with a specific telegram code, and the received code is decoded to obtain the corresponding four-digit number to obtain the Chinese character.

Although the structure of the telegraph is extremely simple, it only took a few days to produce a suitable transceiver, but during the test, it encountered problems, the most critical problem is that the battery storage capacity is limited, and it will not take long for the transmitter to be paralyzed.

"The battery can only be used as a supplement, can be used to receive the report, after all, the receiver only works when the telegram is received, the transmitter can be powered directly by using a generator, each transmitter should be equipped with a hand-cranked generator, and the operator must have another person on the side to generate the power when shooting the telegram......"

After a few days of renovation and several improvements to the telegraph machine, the already erected barracks and the government office were installed, and the telegraph line here had been erected at this time.

On the third day of June in the fourteenth year of the Ming Dynasty, it was the hottest time of the year.

"Dida, Di...... Da ......"

With the rhythmic sound, when the telegraph operator sent the telegram, listening to the voice, Zhu Mingzhong's expression seemed a little excited, although he had obviously entered the test before, but this time it will be the first telegram in the history of mankind, and in another time and space, the first telegram sent by Morse "What a great thing God has done" is different, this telegram is Chinese, but only a simple sixteen characters.

"The learning of the saints is practiced, and the way of learning is practiced!"

The simple sixteen characters are the core of "practical learning", and knowledge and deeds, knowledge and action, are originally one and parallel, and cannot be separated. Of course, the reason why Zhu Mingzhong chose these sixteen characters is precisely a kind of "tribute" to Morse's invention of the telegraph in another time and space, perhaps, for Westerners, God is equal to everything, and the Bible created Western civilization.

Then, in China, it is certain that Confucianism created the Chinese civilization. As for the hundred schools of thought...... They did not disappear, but were absorbed by Confucianism.

As the telegram was gently pulled out, and as the decoder translated the contents according to the telegram code, in the midst of the people's jaw-dropping horror, the interpreter even read out the contents of the telegram in an excited tone, and the generals gathered in the telegraph room all looked at the telegram in amazement.

"This, how can this be ......"

At this time, no one was to boast, and all of them looked at the little telegraph with a strange look, and they naturally did not know what the principle was, and it seemed to them that it was a strange and unfathomable method.

What's going on?

The dumbfounded people, looking at the telegram, looking at the code on the telegram, today, the telegram they saw, completely subverted their understanding, so that in the long cup of tea, everyone looked at the telegram, for a while, they didn't even know what was happening.

After a long silence, the telegraph operator hurriedly pressed the transmitter button as if he remembered something, and sent back the contents of the telegram he had received with a ticking sound.

"The learning of the saints is practiced, and the way of learning is practiced!"

Almost at the moment when the telegram was translated, Zhu Zhiyu immediately said excitedly.

"Received, received......"

As the head of Qinghe Academy, Zhu Mingzhong's teacher, at this time he did not know what this telegram meant to him and to "practical learning", but these sixteen characters were exactly what he advocated in Qinghe Academy, for him who has been committed to cultivating and educating real Confucians, cultivating "giant Confucian scholars" who can govern the country and the people, uphold good customs, and can eliminate rebellion, help the crisis and tilt "through the state and prosperity, and the difficulty of Kangji", at this time, when he saw these sixteen words, his whole person was more immersed in the shock of the "telegram", Before he recovered from the shock, he only heard Zhu Mingzhong say.

"Call back: Promoting education and persuading learning is really the first righteousness of the country in ancient times and today."

When this sentence came into Zhu Zhiyu's ears, his expression suddenly became excited, and when he looked at Zhu Mingzhong, his eyes were more of a kind of gratitude, and even the surrender born of gratitude, and even Zhu Zhiyu himself did not realize that at this moment, he no longer regarded himself as his teacher, or a courtier of Daming, but a subordinate of Zhu Mingzhong.

Sometimes people's mentality changes, and even the people who change themselves do not understand, for them, when Zhu Zhiyu is immersed in the unprecedented excitement, for the people in this telegraph room, what they think of is the application of telegraph in all aspects.

"After a while, with this telegram, will it take eight hundred miles to expedite it in the future, and won't this telegram be delivered in an instant, thousands of miles ......?"

Although it was only the first time he saw the telegraph, Zhang Jinsheng realized that the telegraph had a role, and he also thought of military applications.

"If it can be applied to the battlefield, when the time comes, since it is thousands of miles apart, how can it take days for this interconnection to ......be connected?"

"But no, with this telegram, when the time comes, even if we are thousands of miles away, we need reinforcements, grain and grass, just take a telegram, won't Qinghe know here?"

"Isn't this the truth, that is, thousands of miles away, all events, if the Kuaima official document has not arrived, you can get the news through the telegraph office."

They were so horrified because the telegraph had changed everything now when the transmission of official documents in China had been carried on foot, by chariot and by relay of fast horses, and that even an 800-mile rush would take several days.

"At that time, even if it is thousands of miles away, if there is a slight incident, the center of the court will be able to hear the wind and move, and it will not take a few days, or even more than ten days to get the news, as in the old days.

As a bystander, Gu Yanwu also saw the benefits of this telegram, and the biggest advantage of telegram is that it is transmitted quickly.

"Hear the news by telegram and move immediately, and eliminate the trouble before it sprouts! In the opinion of the following officials, this telegram must be built! It should be repaired all over the north of the Yangtze River first, and then connected to the south of the Yangtze River, and then spread to the whole country when the world is correct......"

Gu Yanwu's suggestion made everyone immediately see the military significance of the telegram, especially the benefits of quelling civil strife, why every time the civil rebellion will evolve into a banditry, and even shake the country's foundation, it is when the news is transmitted to the Beijing Division, the civil uprising has become more and more intense, and by the time the Beijing Division learns about it, the civil uprising has evolved into a banditry, so that the imperial court is always passive.

But now, the appearance of this telegram has made everyone see a fundamental change - with the telegram, the center of the imperial court has already learned the news of the beginning of the popular uprising, and can immediately send troops by telegram to quell it.

Listening to the words that everyone sighed that if there was a telegram back then, this Western bandit would definitely not become bigger and eventually cause trouble to the world, Zhu Mingzhong never thought that what they contacted was actually the role of telegraph in how to quell the popular uprising, but then, he smiled secretly in his heart, it seemed that he would "invent" the telegraph, but he only wanted to serve the intelligence cause - he needed a faster way to transmit information, and the cable telegraph was undoubtedly a more advantageous choice,

"Not only to quell the civil uprising, but also to make the border alien movements in the future, in the future, when the national telegraph network is completed, the imperial court will also have a grasp of the locality, even the border land thousands of miles away, like an arm, so that if there is a change in the border barbarians, the imperial court can also make a decision as soon as possible, and not make it bigger, so that the disaster of building slaves can be avoided again!"

After shifting the discourse from internal repression to the outside, Zhu Mingzhong also affirmed their suggestion, building a national telegraph network, using a telegraph network to connect the coast and the frontier, although for the sixteenth century, this is an extremely huge "super project", but it is also from this year, whether it is the civil rebellion or the lessons of the rise of the slaves, so that in the next ten years, even if it needs to spend a lot of money, the Ming Dynasty has never wavered in the idea of building a national telegraph network, which is the continuous extension of the telegraph network, It has fundamentally changed the geographical space of the Ming Dynasty......