Then, Zhu Youxiao pointed to these things and explained the phenomenon just now: "The experiment I made just now is called the electrical phenomenon. The first thing is called a galvanic battery, and once the line is connected, it can be discharged. Just now I bit the thread with my teeth, and I didn't put it on my tongue, so I won't be electrocuted at will, Zhu Ling, they didn't look carefully at my movements, and they were punished, and Mr. Xu and Mr. Song saw my movements clearly, so they were all right. However, Mr. Song's second experiment, Chun Crush, wanted to experience the feeling of being electrified. The second thing is called the DC motor, as long as the power is on, it can rotate, this phenomenon is called electromagnetic phenomenon, both simple and complex, this problem we will study later, maybe we will try our life's efforts may not be able to get started with those more advanced electromagnetic problems. The third is reverse power generation, this DC motor has two functions, it can both use electrical energy to turn it, and it can also turn it to make the electrical energy we need, which is a wonderful tool. As for the last experiment just done, it is the same as thunder in summer, which shows that thunder is a phenomenon of electric discharge in the sky, and it is not a thunder male or electric mother that is thundering and discharging. ”

Zhu Youxiao then said: "I'm doing an experiment below, everyone look carefully, this is a basin of water, this is two glass cups, both full of water, one put on this side, one to the other side, use it to cover these two zinc rods and silver rods, and then I will shake the handle of this DC motor, let's see what happens." You have to look at it carefully. ”

Zhu Youxiao quickly shook the motor, so bubbles began to bubble under the two cups, and when Zhu Youxiao was tired, Zhu Ling continued to shake, and slowly the bubbles squeezed out the water in the two quilts, and it looked like the two were empty cups, and nothing could be seen inside.

Zhu Youxiao slowly took one of the cups upside down, and the other was taking it, first putting it on the scale, and everyone obviously looked at the balance tilting to one side, indicating that the two cups are definitely not the same weight now. When you take out another empty cup of the same kind, you find that the cup that is upside down is the lightest, and the cup that you take later is lighter than the other.

Zhu Youxiao explained like everyone: "Everyone can only remember today, some things are easier to understand, I put in the cup on both sides of the glass in fact, there is a gas in it now, the gas on the side of the silver rod we call it oxygen, the gas in the cup on the side of the zinc rod is called hydrogen, its mass is very light, if it is filled into the pig's bladder, it will float up." One of its biggest features is that it can be burned, so let's take a look at it below. ”

Zhu Youxiao covered the hydrogen bottle with a thin copper pipe with a lid from below, turned it around, and shook the flame of the candle against the head of the tube, and a blue flame immediately appeared. Zhu Youxiao covered it with another cup, and after a while, water droplets appeared from the bottom of the cup. The cup full of oxygen asks everyone to take turns taking a breath at the mouth of the cup to see if it is more comfortable.

"Let me explain to you, this test just now is called the electrolysis of water test, it proves that water is composed of two different gases, they can be decomposed through the action of electricity, and the two gases that are decomposed become water through combustion, we can call this phenomenon chemical reaction, if it is not easy to understand, it can be understood as the science of their changes, referred to as chemistry. This may be a very important knowledge in the future, but what I am going to talk about today is the most basic knowledge, and if you are interested, you can continue to study other phenomena like this. ”

Looking at the cattle of these times, Zhu Youxiao had a ridiculous feeling, who would have thought that he, a person who collects waste products, can now tell a lot of current cattle about the so-called chemical knowledge, and they are stunned one by one.

"Now we just need to know that this is the most basic chemical reaction, and its most basic research unit, or the most basic point of study chemistry, is to understand that all things are composed of the tiniest and most primitive particles, and we call the tiniest particles atoms, and this atom is the most basic substance that makes up our world. Of course, it's still a conjecture and we can't see it with the naked eye, but we all know about microscopes, and that thing allows us to see a lot of things that we didn't know before, like the very tiny bugs, which we call bacteria. ”

Sun Yuanhua asked softly: "Your Majesty, you have done these experiments for us, let us see so many wonderful chemical reactions, do you plan to let us study these things, these things are useful now?" ”

"Of course, these things are useful, for example, the gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, zinc, carbon, etc. we use now, these are all substances composed of single atoms, and water, salt, brine, ore, etc., they are all composed of two or more atoms, such as our ironmaking, in fact, it is a process of chemical reaction, that is, the iron in the ore with complex composition is refined, and what is used to work is the oxygen that we separated just now, and burn everything else. Coupled with the fact that we artificially create other conditions to direct the direction of change into what we need, this is the process of ironmaking. ”

Song Yingxing suddenly realized: "According to Your Majesty's meaning, what we have been doing is called chemical reactions, such as the refining of saltpeter in Thunder Thunder, and the manufacture of cement and glass that I did, are these processes called chemical reactions under our human leadership?" ”

"Yes, yes, yes." Zhu Youxiao replied, "These can be called chemical reaction processes. Any chemical reaction has a certain regularity, and the knowledge we will study in the future is to find the law of their reaction, and then guide them to change in the direction we need. Of course, this is not a problem that can be solved overnight, and it will take several or even dozens of generations to work hard, but this is not necessarily the case for all to figure out. ”

"I have talked to you so much today, in fact, it is to lay the foundation for the next barrel of oil. Everyone has seen this barrel of oil, in fact, it is also cousins with the edible oil we usually eat in our mouths, but we can't eat it, it is composed of a very complex variety of things, we have to find a way to separate them, at least according to the difference in severity, let's call this process refining, similar to the method of alchemy. ”

Song Yingxing said: "I saw those candle makers refining this oil, but Your Majesty said that this kind of thing is very dangerous, so can we find a way that is not dangerous?" ”

Zhu Youxiao said: "Danger or not is relative, petroleum refining is definitely a dangerous process, because it is very easy to catch fire, but as long as we formulate the corresponding refining process, strictly implement the refining operation procedures, and do not violate the rules of operation, then it will not cause accidents." Just like water, usually in the well or in the river, there will be no danger, but once there is a heavy rain, the usually tame river water will become a man-eating beast, but if we usually pay attention to the river channel and strengthen the embankment, it will flow according to the ditch we guide, and it will be able to be used by us, and there will be no danger. ”

"We now need to make the tools needed to refine petroleum, we call it a boiler, which is a large iron pot that is approximately closed, at a certain height, for example, close to the top, open a pipe, and then burn it with fire at the bottom, and after the oil is boiled, it will be roughly divided into the situation of supernatant and turbidity, and the oil on it is very easy to catch fire or even explode, so we need to use a relatively long iron pipe to transport it to a safe place. Of course, these are very useful things in the future, but you can't throw them away like those fools, it's not only dangerous, it's a waste of things. It must be strictly remembered that there must be no open flame in the oil refining place, and no fire should be lit for cooking in the place where the oil is stored, otherwise in the event of a fire, people nearby will die without a place to bury. No, it cannot be said that there is no place to die, the place where he died is the place where he is buried, because where he will be burned and his ashes cannot be found. You have to remember what I said, when you do small-scale experiments, you can observe and study in front of you, we only do these studies in the laboratory, and when it comes to large-scale production in the factory, no one is allowed to go to the area close to the boiler. ”