In my previous life, I had seen such a set of data on the Marin Mixed Forum-

Downwind: 65% efficiency for longitudinal sail (using wind power), 85% for crosssail;

Headwind: 45% longitudinal sail efficiency, 25% crosssail;

Crosswind: 62.5% longitudinal sail efficiency, 62.5% crosssail;

That is, when downwind, the crosssail is 30% more efficient than the longitudinal sail. But when the wind is headwind, the shangbar is 80% more efficient than the crosssail. And when the side wind, that is, when the wind is crosswind, the efficiency of the two sails is the same.

And now, European ships are mainly popular with crosssails. If you use a crosssail, it will take just over a month to get back to Port Emden from New York in North America, because of the tailwind and the warm North Atlantic Current. As for the journey from Emden to New York, it takes more than three months because of headwinds.

However, if you change to a brig, the efficiency of the schooner against the wind is 80% higher than that of the crosssail, and the speed is naturally much faster. It used to take more than three months to get from Emden to New York, but now it is estimated that it will take more than a month and a half to reach New York. In this way, a lot of time is saved.

Of course, under Marin's command, the ships were prepared with crossbars for sails and spare sails. In this way, when the downwind is long (such as returning home from New York), hang the crossbar, mainly using the crosssail. If the headwind is dominant or the wind direction needs to be changed frequently (such as a long-distance voyage in the north-south direction), the crossbar is removed and the upper edge of the blion is raised instead to make full use of the wind from all sides.

In this way, the vessel has the ability to cope with the characteristics of different wind zones and sea areas. However, in the summer, when strong storms are likely to occur, the upper edge of the boredevil's sail is still mainly used. Why? Because this kind of sail is easy to raise and lower. In the event of a major storm, the sails can be lowered quickly in time to avoid the storm.

In fact, in ancient times, if a Western-style sailing ship suddenly encountered a storm, the probability of an accident was much higher than that of a Chinese sailing ship. Because, the sail of a Western-style schooner is very troublesome, and it is necessary for the sailor to climb the mast and put away the sail from the bottom up.

But storms often come quickly, and sailors sometimes encounter storms before they can climb the mast. In a storm, the bigger the sails, the more powerful the storm will be. The sail area is so large that it can easily be swept away by a storm, resulting in the ship's sailing shipwreck.

Moreover, when a storm comes, it is often accompanied by heavy rain. As soon as it rains, the mast becomes slippery. At that time, it was very dangerous for sailors to climb even the mast. If you are not careful, you will fall from a high mast and even fall to your death......

The Huaxia sailing ship is different, because it is similar to the method of raising the national flag to raise the hard sail. So, in the event of a storm, just ask the sailor to open the slipknot and lower the sails. Even, in case of emergency, you can cut the rope with one sword, and the hard sail will be lowered automatically. As long as the sails do not continue to open during the storm, the chances of the ship avoiding the storm are greatly increased. Except, of course, superstorms such as typhoons and hurricanes......

The upper edge of the birder sail that Marin made was also raised with the upper edge of the birder like raising the national flag. In the event of a storm, the sailor untied the rope directly under the mast and lowered the sails. Even, it is okay to cut the rope with a knife like the sails of the Chinese ship.

Therefore, a schooner is much more capable of fighting storms than a schooner. As for the reason why the skuna sailing ships of later generations (upper edge transchul shear sailboats) sank a few out of ten, it was because the speed of that kind of ship was too fast to react. It can be seen that most of those sailing ships often hit the reef and sank after encountering a storm.

In addition, those skuna sailing ships are too long, often a hundred or tens of meters long. It takes more than ten or twenty seconds for people to run from stern to stern, even if they run with all their might, let alone transmit the situation of the bow part back to the stern in time. Half of the reef evasion is observed by the observer at the bow of the ship, and then transmitted back to the stern by shouting relays.

But in general, the rudder and steering wheel are in the aft part, and the captain is also in the captain's room above the stern. At a distance of one hundred and tens of meters, in the absence of a walkie-talkie, it will take some time for the captain to know what is happening in front of the bow.

However, the clipper was so fast that it did not give the captain time to react. In addition, from the bow of the ship, which is 100 tens of meters long, it will take a while to transmit the warning to the stern. Often, the captain has just received the previous report and needs to instruct the sailors to pull the steering wheel again. But after just a few delays, it will be very fatal......

Moreover, the clipper boat is also too thin, with an aspect ratio of more than 6 to 1. In addition, those skuna clippers often have up to six or seven masts, and racing at sea is too exciting to rock from side to side. In such an exciting situation, the observer standing at the bow of the ship is often dizzy by the jolt, and it is inevitable that mistakes will be made......

Of course, that's the case with clippers. And the two-masted schooner that Marin made was just an ordinary Galen ship. The speed is not fast, and there are fewer masts. When encountering things, it is easy to react, so that it is not too late to avoid the reef.

This new type of brig schooner adopts the second-generation hull of the Type 250 armed merchant ship, the so-called second-generation hull of the Type 250 armed merchant ship, that is, the hull has been improved, and the length-to-width ratio has been increased from the original 3.5 to 1 to the later Galen standard 4 to 1.

The first 20 of the 250 type armed merchant ships of the Beihai Kingdom are old-fashioned hulls, and they all use a length-to-width ratio of 3.5 to 1. However, from the 21st ship, the aspect ratio of 4 to 1 was fully used. The Type 250 armed merchant ship with a 4:1 length-to-width ratio is also known as the second-generation hull......

……

After the modification, the maximum speed of the second-generation 250 type armed merchant ship was finally increased from 89 knots to 10 knots, which reached the normal standard of Galen ships. The new type of schooner is also the second-generation hull of the 250 type armed merchant ship, which is more flexible.

And because of the incomparably superior strong wind capabilities of the new brig, and the fact that Marin had several colonies in the Americas, there was a great need for such a fast and flexible schooner to communicate with several colonies in the Americas.

Therefore, Marin decided to rebuild 20 new brigs for communication and transportation between several American colonies.

Today, the total number of 250-class armed merchant ships in the Beihai State has reached 46. Of these, 20 are old-fashioned hulls and 26 are second-generation hulls. The ones used to transform into new two-masted schooners are naturally all second-generation 250-class armed merchant ships.

In fact, although this kind of sailing boat, it is possible to use the method of alternating cross-sail and longitudinal sail. Marin, however, had no intention of doing so. Why? Because of manpower issues......

After testing, the craftsmen of the North Sea Kingdom were surprised to find that if the brig was used, the whole ship could be operated smoothly by only 10 sailors. This is also due to the fact that the captain's room needs 2 sailors to pull the steering wheel, and it needs to be replaced. If the steering wheel had been improved with less effort, the number of sailors on board would have been reduced to 8 people.

But if you change back to the crosssail, it will take a lot of manpower. Although it was only a double masted, it required more than 30 sailors......

In this way, the same hull would require more than three times as many sailors with a crosssail...... Very uneconomical......

To be honest, although Marin doesn't have a lot of ships in his hands right now, he is actively logging reserves in the Americas. Then, tung oil and sumac trees are also being introduced. When the supply of tung oil and lacquer is sufficient in the future, the shipbuilding industry will begin to soar. With so many ships launched, the number of sailors may not be enough......

Therefore, if a two-masted sloop is adopted in a single mode, most of the sailors can be saved. In this way, Marin can arrange the saved sailors to warships that need more manpower. After all, naval warfare requires enough manpower. A single naval gun requires 5 to 10 people to operate...... Moreover, it is the warships that can really maintain sea power. Only when there are more warships can sea power be fully maintained......

Moreover, Marin has basically taken control of England by means. This is a country rich in pirates in later generations, and even the pirate kingdom is under his own control, and Marin is not even worried about the threat at sea.

As for France, Marin will try to find trouble for them on land, so that the French can focus on fighting on the mainland. In addition, if they really dare to go to the Americas to grab food, Marin does not mind getting some English pirates and killing all the people on the French ship......

And Spain and Portugal, Marin's side also arranged Venice to tear them apart. Venice is already a strong country, and if the Suez Canal is dug up, it will definitely compete fiercely with Spain and Portugal in the Indian Ocean in the future. When the time comes, Marin only needs to fan the flames from it, and support whoever is weak, and ensure that the three seafaring powers will be exhausted......

……

Thinking of this, Marin suddenly began to hesitate about the purpose of this new schooner......

Why hesitate? I'm afraid that others will learn it......

This new type of sailing ship requires only 10 sailors to operate a ship. If it was learned by the French, who lacked sailors, it would definitely give a great impetus to the French seafaring.

So, Marin finally decided to use this new type of sailing ship only in the Americas...... At the very least, you have to wait until you dominate the sea and are not afraid of the challenges of other countries before you can bring it back to Europe for use......

However, in the case of steering wheels, it can be applied to every sailboat. Of course, the steering wheel system is also to be kept secret. When installing, we will also pay attention to cover the shell as much as possible so that outsiders can easily observe it...... Let the ships of other countries continue to use the straight rudder that requires four strong men to pull. For his own ship, he uses a steering wheel that can be pulled by two ordinary strong men. Moreover, the steering wheel will continue to be improved in the future until it can be moved by a single sailor......

……

Because the new type of schooner was used mainly in the Americas, and as far as the current situation is concerned, it is mainly used in North America. Therefore, Marin decided to name this new schooner "North American schooner". At the same time, all the veteran sailors who were good at handling the upper rim blower sails, as well as the craftsmen who participated in the development and improvement, were all sent by Marin to the American colonies, so that they would not be left in Europe to cause leaks......