With Jinyiwei targeting Zhou Yanru and his party, Song Youliang can devote himself to the industrial exhibition in Dengzhou. 【Latest chapter reading. 】

At present, due to the promotion of wood processing machines, oil presses, spinning machines. The woodware, timber, soybean oil, and peanut produced in Dengzhou are cheap and high-quality, and they are not only sold to the homes of ordinary people in Shandong, but also sold throughout the country.

In the beginning, many workers were worried that their owners would lose their jobs if they used less manpower with new machines. But it turned out that this worry was unnecessary, and more and more merchants came to do the goods, and soon one machine was not enough, so soon the second one was on the second. Within a few months, a third machine will be on board, and as soon as you call on those machines, the owners of the various workshops will rush you to work with him at high prices. As a result, Dengzhou set off a craze for learning to use machines. The second school, Dengzhou Technician University Hall, specializes in training various technicians.

Where can those old pedants who can only write eight-strands teach this? As a result, a large number of students who graduated from the new school of Dengzhou University Hall stepped onto the podium of Dengzhou Technician University Hall. At first, the wealthy people were dismissive of Dengzhou University Hall, thinking that it was because the children of the poor could not afford to go to a private school, so they could not afford to hire a gentleman to go there to read a few words. But now, the students who came out of Dengzhou University Hall have become fragrant and sweet, and they are in demand everywhere. Even if you go to teach at the Dengzhou Technician School, your salary for a month is twenty taels, and two hundred and forty taels of silver a year, which is a considerable amount.

The key thing is that his child will study Bagu, and the only way out in the future is to take the imperial examination. 3。 And the students who came out of Dengzhou University, the army, the yamen, and the workshop owners are all rushing to ask for it, and there are many ways out. As a result, some parents who felt that their children were not the material for the entrance examination also began to send their children to the hall of Dengzhou University

The social atmosphere is also quietly changing, and people used to think that those scholars who shook their heads were rich and knowledgeable, and they would always consult them when they encountered problems that they did not understand. But now, those scholars don't know anything about machines, farming, and even physics and chemistry. On the contrary, the students in Dengzhou University Hall can still speak ugly, and people gradually begin to feel that those scholars and Confucian scholars will not know anything except shaking their heads and dropping their book bags. As a result, the thinking mode of everything that is inferior only to reading has also been imperceptibly impacted

In the textile industry, cotton was introduced to Shandong in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, and it was quickly promoted and developed, and the fundamental reason for this was the government's compulsory and incentive policies. 4。 After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, due to the influence of factors such as the depreciation of silver, Shandong Province gradually formed a commercial cotton production area in northwest and southwest Shandong. At that time, planting cotton per mu could get a net flower of 21 catties, and the grain yield per mu was not more than one stone of net rice, so the value of cotton per mu was almost equivalent to planting five acres of grain. The economic efficiency of cotton planting is extremely high and profitable, which stimulates the enthusiasm of farmers to expand their crops. It can be considered that a large number of cloth flowers are used to transport tax grains is one of the important reasons for the rapid popularization and development of cotton planting in Shandong Province in the early Ming Dynasty. Wanli's "Ming Huidian? Tobe? Accounting 2 records that in the sixth year of Wanli, Shandong transported 6o thousand pieces of cotton cloth to Beijing and Bianku, and 390,000 catties of cotton. 3。 Judging from the fact that the amount of cotton cloth and cotton collected by Shandong ranks first among the northern provinces, Shandong Province has become the most important cotton producing area in the north in the middle of the Ming Dynasty.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Shandong's cotton, "the six provinces have it, Dongchang is especially many, and the merchants trade in all directions, and its benefits are very good." The cotton output of Dongchang Mansion is extraordinarily large, and Jianghuai merchants come here to trade, "Gaotang, Xiajin, Enxian, and Fan counties should be cotton, and Jianghuai Jiakelie is wantonly harvested, and the people live in this way to get rich." However, due to the hilly territory of Dengzhou Prefecture, the soil is mainly brown loam and brown soil, which is not suitable for cotton, although the people of Shandong have cultivated the cotton varieties cultivated in the hill - mountain flower, but cotton planting is not as good as raising oak or cultivating fruit to save labor and profit, and it can wave the resource advantages of hilly and mountainous areas. With the improvement of silkworm breeding technology, a large number of silkworm farms have appeared in the hilly and mountainous areas of southeast Shandong, including the whole territory of Yizhou and Dengzhou and the southern prefectures and counties of Laizhou and Qingzhou, and the silkworm industry has become an important economic source for the local people. 9。

The local people in Dengzhou processed fresh cocoons into dry cocoons, and the first one used was the "sun drying method", and later there were "salting method", "cage steaming method", "suffocation method" and so on. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the use of earthen stoves to bake cocoons was a major technological reform in the history of silk production, and became the main method of silkworm cocoon processing later.

The small earthen stove is a brick and earth structure, with a height and width of 8 feet and a length of about 3o feet, and every 8 feet is separated into a room; Each room is equipped with a portal, a kang is set underground, a wind door is built at the rear or on the side, and a scaffolding is set up in the house; Each floor of the shed is 7 inches apart, and cocoon boxes 3.5 feet long, 1.5 feet wide and O.5 feet deep are arranged on the shed, and the bottom of the box is made of reeds to make the heating smooth. 7。 Put the fresh cocoons in the box, burn the fire from the air door, kill the pupa in 4 hours, and bake 5 times a day and night. Each indoor shed has 4~5 layers, and each box is equipped with 2ooo cocoons, and 40,000 grains can be baked at a time in each room.

Most of the cocoon drying is carried out by using the heat of firewood combustion through the radiant heat of the flue, so it is called a firewood stove. Later, with the large-scale mining of Dengzhou coal mines, the price of coal decreased, and the people changed to coal stoves, and the cocoon stove structure is still a brick and wood structure. 9 layers of horizontal grid are made of willow file wood, 3 cocoons (cocoon grids) are placed on each layer, and a cocoon stove has a total of 54 cocoon grates, but because each cocoon is not the same degree of temperature, it is necessary to turn the cocoon and adjust the grate, so that the dry cocoon that is baked is suitable for drying evenly.

In order to further improve labor efficiency, Song Youliang organized the technicians of Dengzhou University Hall to go to the countryside, eat and live with the old silkworm farmers who have many years of experience in baking cocoons, and finally transformed the 9-layer willow cocoon stove into a 13-layer cocoon car, with a total of 4 cocoon cars in the cocoon stove, and a horizontal fan is installed in the center of the cocoon stove to become a fan car stove. 2。 The transformed cocoon stove reduces the labor intensity, increases the drying force, and the dry cocoon is easy to achieve suitable and uniform drying.

After that, a kind of "five-well cocoon oven" was manufactured, and the five-well cocoon oven was cocooned with a wooden cocoon car. Due to the uneven temperature of the upper and lower layers of the cocoon car, it is not easy for the dry cocoon to achieve suitable and uniform drying, but at that time, the cocoon car type cocoon stove was more advanced than the cocoon stove made of willow wood. The cocoon stove is divided into two parts: high and low temperature, and when the cocoon car is moved from the high temperature area to the low temperature area, the cocoon is turned and adjusted to adjust the grate (grid), and it is circulated in turn. 3。

After process improvement, the output of cocoons in Dengzhou has increased from more than 10,000 catties per quarter to more than 50,000 catties per quarter, and the increase in the output of silkworm cocoons has put forward requirements for the improvement of silk reeling technology.

Shandong silk reeling industry is divided into large frame silk, small frame silk and factory silk. The large frame silk has a long history, and is named because of its large silk circumference, also known as soil silk. Shandong silkworm people have always had the habit of reeling soil silk. When reeling the large frame silk, use a large wooden frame with a length of one zhang and six feet in a week, chisel holes with iron sheets, as a collector, 2 people operate manually, 1 person pedal truck, in charge of reeling silk, 1 person in charge of rope. The reeled silk is coarse, dark in color, uneven in tire, and disordered in the silk. Most of the reeling of clay silk is a side business of the family, and there are also handicraft workshops specializing in reeling clay silk, all of which are seasonal production. 2。

The supply of silkworm cocoons increased, but the production capacity of silk reeling was backward, so Song Youliang began to promote a silk reeling technology called small frame silk according to the memory of later generations and the experience of old silk reeling workers. The small frame silk is a semi-mechanical operation, and the silk reeling device is slightly different from the large frame silk: six or seven silk reeling pots are lined up, a large cocoon pot is installed at the left end, and there is a pipe under the pot to cook the cocoon stove, the circumference of the wire frame is four and a half feet, and there is a pipe under it to transmit hot gas, so that the silk sheet is easy to dry. This kind of silk reeling method, although it is still relatively thick and clumsy, but it has been much more advanced than the large frame silk, and the reeling silk is white and bright, and the quality of raw silk produced by the modern machine silk reeling machine is very close.

With high-quality and low-cost raw silk raw materials, the next step is silk weaving. The improvement of silk weaving technology in the Ming Dynasty promoted the development of productivity, whether it was the reeling car for silk reeling or the loom for silk weaving in the Ming Dynasty, and the loom was more specialized. 4。 At the end of the Ming Dynasty, in the Suzhou market, there were six kinds of looms for sale: silk machine, silk machine, Luo machine, sand machine, adjusting machine and cloth machine. In terms of technology, Luo and Sha have been greatly improved in the Ming Dynasty, from the original warp threads grouped and twisted with each other, weaving round holes or square holes, and spreading to a section of flat weaving and a section of interweaving, and jacquard, becoming a modern Luo. Aya, it is a high-quality twill weave. In the Song Dynasty, Zhan Wei concealed the twill of satin. By the Ming Dynasty, satin replaced silk. The improvements of the Ming Dynasty allowed silk fabrics to enter the market and expand sales.

At present, Dengzhou's textile products are mainly sold to North Korea and Japan, and the main ones sold to North Korea are cotton textiles and silk fabrics, while the raw silk is the bulk exported to Japan. However, Song Youliang, who was a crosser, knew that there was no future for exporting low-value-added primary raw materials, so he decisively ordered a heavy tax on raw silk exported to Japan, and zero tariff on finished silk fabrics exported to Japan.

Due to the influx of a large number of high-quality and low-cost silk fabrics into Japan, Japan's local silk weaving industry has been greatly impacted, many small owners have gone bankrupt, and Japan's raw silk imports have plummeted, which has affected the Zheng family's raw silk business in Japan. So, Zheng Zhilong took out Song Youliang's prayer post, which had been on the desk for more than a month, and agreed to meet on the surface of the East China Sea

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Shortly after the sun set, an orange-red sunset burned in the western sky. The sea is also dyed red by the glow, but it is more spectacular than the view from the sky. Because it is active, whenever the rows of waves rise, the glow reflected on the crests of the waves is red and bright, like a burning flame, flickering, rolling, and disappearing. And the back row, flickering and rolling again, rushed over in this beautiful night.

Song Youliang stepped on the soft sand, walked along the seaside, and slowly walked forward. The sea water, gently caressing the soft sand, making a gentle "brush" sound, the late sea breeze, fresh and cool, "Controlling the ocean controls the world, Zheng Zhilong, are you finally willing to see me?" ”