After the wellbore is excavated to the coal seam, the roadway must be arranged and excavated to prepare the coal mining face. The Ming Dynasty already knew how to arrange the uphill, downhill, transportation and ventilation roadways according to the direction, inclination and thickness of the coal seam. This is clearly recorded in Sun Tingquan's "Yanshan Miscellaneous Records": "The charcoal has been obtained and then the tunnel is bypassed", "the well is charcoal and the branch is branched" ("tunnel" refers to the main roadway, and "branch" refers to the small roadway from the main lane to the working face). "Its line of tunnels is also like going up the mountain, the left climbs, the right will fall, the left will fall, the right will climb, the descending will go down, the climber will go up, follow the side of the mountain and not flat, it is called the anti-ditch (the finger of the step)." This means that in order to mine inclined coal seams in different positions, it is necessary to arrange an uphill or downhill to connect with the coal mining face. In ancient coal kilns, mining was usually combined, and coal mining was also carried out in the roadway. The roadway of the Ming Dynasty was stretched to a depth of tens of hundreds of zhang. The tools used in tunneling (often coal mining) are mainly chisels, hammers, pickaxes, and drills.

After the mine tunnel is excavated, in order to prevent the roadway and the working face from collapsing and rising, support is important. Ancient support methods can be basically divided into manual support and coal pillar support. When the coal seam and its surrounding rock are soft and broken, they are supported by herringbone wooden brackets or two-column and one-beam wooden brackets or square frame brackets. If the coal and its surrounding rock are hard, they are generally not supported or left to be supported by coal pillars. Under the command of Xu Fugui miner, the deployment of the roadway is also very scientific. At this time, it has been understood that according to the direction of the coal seam, the layout of the mountain and the mountain, as well as the transportation and ventilation roadways, and finally the construction of dense various roadways. In addition, in the underground support, under the command of Master Yang, the miners adopted the wooden support method of two columns and one beam, which prevented the roadway and working face from collapsing and rising to the top to the greatest extent. Because Song Youliang was willing to invest in it, cement was manufactured, so all the places where the underground were originally supported by wood were all metal supports, and cement was used to reinforce the mines. Even Xu Fugui bluntly said that it would be difficult for this mine to collapse.

Then there is the issue of mine ventilation, which was generally used in mines in the Ming Dynasty with natural ventilation or artificial ventilation. The method of artificial ventilation is mainly to use windmills, wind cabinets, fans, cowhide bags, etc. to fan the air into the shaft, but this is only effective for shallow coal mining. Therefore, Xu Fugui uses the natural ventilation method.

It is divided into single wellbore ventilation and double wellbore ventilation. Double-bore ventilation is more common. The Ming Dynasty's "Yanshan Miscellaneous" made a clear record of the ventilation of the double wellbore: "Therefore, the well must be dug twice, and the tunnel must be double, so that the gas traffic can reach its yang, and the contribution is immeasurable." I think it is also a gas well. "Ventilation shafts are usually chosen at higher (inlet shafts are lower), which favors the flow of natural air flow. Single wellbore ventilation, mostly using the surface wind method, that is, in a corner of the wellbore, with a piece of stone to build a triangular return air channel, the return air duct is higher than the wellbore, shaped like a chimney, the name is "pout". The wind enters the underground from the wellhead, to the coal mining face, and then flows out through the return air duct separated by the surface wall. The simplest way to ventilate a single wellbore is to put a bamboo tube (there is a kind of bamboo with a diameter as thick as a bowl in the south, chisel off the middle section) into the well, the bamboo tube is higher than the wellhead, and the natural wind flow can be formed underground, and the waste gas such as gas is pumped out by the bamboo tube.

After the ventilation was solved, the lifting and drainage in the mine also needed to be solved. The mine hoisting tools in the Ming Dynasty were mainly orange trees, rollers, and winches. The use of rollers and winches can be used both manpower and animal power. "Heavenly Creations" records: the well hangs orange trees, rollers and tools, makes plates and racks cattle, oxen drag and turn, reels twist, and draw water up. Lifting tools, can lift coal and water. Water holding utensils, in ancient times, mostly used cowhide bags (cowhide bags), because of its toughness and wear-resistant, more water. In ancient times, the south also used a pump (called a water dragon in some places) to drain water. "Tiangong Kaiwu" said: "After the well and the spring, choose the beautiful bamboo and the long zhang, chisel the knots, leave the bottom and do not go, and the throat is safe and the news is sucked into the cylinder."

The next problem is the lighting of the mine, at this time the coal digging is mostly used open flame oil bowls, oil pans. However, with the increase of mining depth and the increase of gas, it is very easy to cause an explosion, and Xu Fugui's method is to add a cover to the lamp. With a hooded lamp, it can be used as a lighting tool and can also detect ventilation.

Finally, there is how to transport the mined coal to the surface. In the Ming Dynasty, underground coal kiln transportation mainly relied on people's backs and shoulders, but Xu Fugui knew that Song Youliang was not afraid of spending money, so he suggested using a towing basket (or trailer) to transport coal. The basket is shaped like a boat or rectangular shape and is made of bamboo or wood. Some wooden baskets are also nailed with iron bars (drag bars) underneath them, making it easier and less labor-efficient to transport coal.

When everything was ready, the mine began to recruit workers. Although everyone knows that being a miner is dirty, tiring and dangerous, it is better to have a job and earn money to support your family than anything else. Moreover, the treatment of Rushan Coal Mine is good, with food and housing, and the salary is double that of ordinary workers. The most important thing is that he worked under Song Youliang, and his wages were paid on time and in full, and he was never in arrears.

On the first day of April in Chongzhen, Daming Dynasty, Rushan Coal Mine was officially opened

On the third day of the fifth month of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, Rushan Iron Mine was officially opened and Dashan Ranch was officially opened

On May 24, Daming Chongzhen, Rushan Quarry was officially opened, and Dashan Orchard was officially opened

The operation of the three major factories has created many employment opportunities in the area of Rushanzhai and Dashansuo, and displaced people have poured in. In the words of Zhao Lianli and Xia Minghao, it is "today's Rushanzhai and Dashansuo are tomorrow's Haiyangwei." ”

On June 23, the twelfth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty (1639), because the war in the Northeast became more and more tense, Chongzhen decided to train the border soldiers and the militia under the suggestion of Yang Sichang, so he levied one cent of silver per mu of training and levied a total of 7.3 million taels across the country. At that time, it was called "three salaries" together with Liao and Liao. Auxiliary minister Yang Sichang decided: Xuanfu, Datong, Shanxi, Yansui, Ningxia, Gansu, Guyuan, Lintao, Liaodong, Jizhen, and Baoding, Jifu, Shandong, and Hebei towns and soldiers should be trained by the general towns, governors, and general soldiers. It is the place where the salary is suppressed, and the salary is increased by 7.3 million. A total of 16,700,000 taels of salaries were added to the Liao, expropriation, and training salaries, and the people's livelihood was poor, thus further expanding the ranks of the peasant rebel army.

Song Youliang's Haiyang Guard Army belonged to the guards, not the battalions, so it was not within the scope of this exercise, so Song Youliang was busy lying about the number of soldiers and eating empty salaries, and he was still busy with his own affairs.

There is a small stone hill on the seaside to the northeast of the Acropolis of Haiyang, and there is a sea viewing pavilion built on the stone mountain. On this day, Song Youliang and his Lu Wenzhou, Sun Heding and people dressed as ordinary scholars drank tea and watched the sea in the sea viewing pavilion.

The original Guanhai Pavilion was only built by a few teachers who came to Haiyangwei to make a living, and it was said to be a "pavilion", but in fact it was just a simple thatched squatter hut, and it was surrounded by a piece of wasteland. These landed talents who have failed many times and come to Haiyang Wei to teach in desperation often come here to express their feelings, and some of them can't think of it or sigh that they were born at the wrong time, or they regret that they didn't meet it. Some of them can think of it, just sing the mountains and the sea, and when the poetry is great, they will also write some ink treasures on the mountains and rocks.

Later, Lu Wenzhou and Sun Heding discovered this place, and used their influence to repair it. The thatched squatter shed has been transformed into a brick and wood pavilion, which can accommodate more than 10 people sitting around at a time. Flowers and trees are also planted on the barren beach under the pavilion, and several ponds have been dug with a few koi fish in the ponds. Looking east from the pavilion, you can see the vast blue sea, and to the west, you can see the continuous fields and wheat waves, a pastoral scenery

"I guess it's nothing more than the Taoyuan Holy Land. Even if the elders are here, what does it matter? After drinking a glass of wine, an old Xiucai wearing a square scarf and a cloth shirt with a wrinkled face, he drank a glass of wine, picked up a cherry with his thumb and forefinger and put it in his mouth, chewed it carefully, looked at the scenery in front of him, and shook his head and sighed in satisfaction.

Another middle-aged literati who was nearly forty years old said with a smile: "It is true that all parts of the Ming Dynasty are either withering or thieves everywhere. Haiyang Wei lives on the shore of the East China Sea, but it is such a rich and elegant place, I wait for the end of class, idle to chant poems against each other, or travel together, life is worry-free, and my wife is comfortable. That's enough! ”

Another scholar in his forties said: "Yes, at that time, I didn't know how to be flexible, and I could only think about the imperial examination with one mind. The so-called champion in the industry, I am here to be a teacher, to educate talents for the country, isn't it also to serve the country? ”

The first to speak was named Wei Delu, a native of Henan, who had been repeatedly unsuccessful since he was twenty-three years old. It was not until he was forty-six years old that he felt that he was completely hopeless with the imperial examination, so he was introduced and came to Haiyangwei School as a teacher, specifically for the children in Haiyangwei School.

The second one to open his mouth is called Mei Yunqi, a native of Shanxi, and his wife buys tofu for him to study. Although he is very diligent, the scientific field is as dark as the officialdom, and Mei Yunqi has repeatedly failed. When he returned home for the fifth time, his wife thought he was unproductive and returned to his parents' house. Mei Yunqi was disheartened and began to help people keep accounts for a living, and after several rounds, he came to Haiyangwei to assist Sun Hejing in managing the treasury. Later, he married a new wife and gave birth to a big fat son last year, and the family was happy.

The third Xiucai to speak is called Wu Zhifu, a native of Hebei, and the Xing family brothers who are in charge of the ranch are distant relatives. Like Wei Delu and Mei Yunqi, he is a landed talent who has been tried and tested repeatedly. There are old and young people in the family, and they usually rely on their wives and mothers to make some female celebrities to go out and sell, and then they copy books and take accounts for others day and night. That's it, life is still tight, and I have to worry about touching the rice jar every day. Later, I heard that the Xing brothers had gained a firm foothold in Haiyangwei, so they came over to defect. In less than a year, he took his wife and children from his hometown to live in Haiyangwei.

Haiyangwei is prosperous at this moment, and it can be said that all industries are thriving. However, the people in the guard house are all hardworking and willing to endure hardships, but most of them are illiterate, and many of the tun chiefs of the tun houses can't write in bookkeeping, and they actually use circles to express themselves, which makes people cry and laugh. Therefore, there is a big talent gap in Haiyangwei, and after the three of them came to Haiyangwei, they all easily found a satisfactory position and were very valued. The current life is very satisfying for them.

Lu Wenzhou listened to their feelings, smiled, stroked his beard and said: "You are a scholar after all, keeping accounts and managing things, although it is a way to make a living, you always have the teachings of the saints, teaching and educating people, and educating the people, which is our right business." ”

All three nodded yes, but were a little unimpressed

Song Youliang said with a smile: "What the teacher said is good, but if several gentlemen go to teach and educate people, what about the accounts of the account room and the treasury?" I don't want to see the ledger full of circles~~"

Everyone laughed