Volume 2 Planting Chapter 149 The First Soap (Proofreading)
Xiaoli appeared in a red bridal dress, which instantly attracted the attention of two people, one was true love. Another......
"Well, finally meet a clothed man! It's good for the eyes! ”
Of course, referring to the clothes, they all say that they have been a soldier for three years, and the sow is a sable cicada.
If this primitive man has been in office for a long time, his clothes will become sable.
Ling'er looked at Xiaoli's clothes very greedily, and couldn't wait to take out the soaked clothes and put them on. Wang Tian looked at Xiao Ling's innocent little eyes and decided to divert her attention.
Thereupon... So he kicked at the tiger on the side: "I've seen enough of the calf's stuff, take your daughter-in-law to the pond to take a look, and let others see it for themselves." ”
However, Wang Tian seems to have forgotten that there are also pools within the walls of the tribe.
So the two just changed places and continued.
As a last resort, Wang Tian can only resort to the last resort _ to start work, the Tianlong tribe implements an 8-hour working system (excluding overtime), and now the noon break of two hours has arrived, and all people have to start work.
The three of them with their eyes on their clothes were no exception, and it wasn't just the three of them staring at the red linen dress.
If primitive man used to have clothes, it was those animal skins that had not been made of nitrate, hard and stumbling, curled on the body not only without beauty, but also not even comfortable.
When had they ever seen such a well-fitting garment, the bright colors that attracted the eyes of almost all women.
The respected Son of Heaven was not only able to capture the Heavenly Thunder Gong and put him in a clay pot, but now he was also able to transplant the color of the fruit to his clothes.
Everyone has a love for beauty, even animals still know how to decorate their nests, let alone humans.
The feathers on the primitive people's bodies and the various necklaces around their necks are all expressions of the primitive appeal of loving beauty.
Xiaoli put on a red dress, which is really refreshing, in this era of clothes drying sable cicadas, this kind of linen clothes are so obedient to the body, the previous full perspective has now become half-hidden and half-visible.
As the saying goes, holding the pipa and half-covering his face, primitive people also experienced a vague beauty, but Wang Tian felt that the unkempt hair on the top of Xiaoli's head did not match the description in the poem at all.
In the primitive era, there was no soap shampoo or anything like that, and the legendary soaphorn was not found, and today's degreasing of the brush made Wang Tian suddenly think that he could wash his hair with the water of plant ash.
In addition, it seems that everyone's hair should also be trimmed, and it doesn't fit with the current pattern of the tribe with such a messy hair.
In the evening, the haircut business begins, women keep long hair with shawls, and men cut their hair to a neck-length length in winter to retain warmth, and in summer they can cut their hair short and flat.
In fact, it is not difficult to make homemade soap. Soap is nothing but a natural oil that is saponified by saponification with sodium hydroxide.
In terms of oil, there is a lot of fish oil in the tribe, but there is no natural sodium hydroxide in nature. But that doesn't mean there's no way to make it.
Sodium hydroxide can be obtained by the chemical reaction of lime water and sodium carbonate, lime water is the aqueous solution of quicklime soaked in water, there are many caves in the quicklime tribe, and lime water can be obtained by directly mixing water.
The more troublesome is sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate can be crystallized and separated from the solution of fried wood ash, the most important in plant ash are sodium salt and potassium salt, the reason why plant ash has a cleaning effect, that is, because of the existence of these two components.
Due to the high solubility of potassium salt at high temperature and low temperature at low temperature, the solubility of sodium salt at high and low temperature is basically unchanged, so taking advantage of this characteristic, the first crystal evaporated at high temperature is sodium carbonate.
However, the main component of plant ash is potassium carbonate, and the content of sodium carbonate is very low, but this is the only way to obtain sodium carbonate at this stage.
If the content is low, the only way to solve this problem is to use quantity.
Wang Tian had five shallow pots set up on the observation deck, which were used as woks, but now they are suitable as containers for evaporating sodium carbonate.
To extract sodium carbonate, the ash water in the pot must be quickly evaporated, and if it is heated for too long, then potassium carbonate will be obtained.
Wang Tian asked people to find a large vat, and then added the grass ash from the half water tank, and then stirred continuously to obtain a very high concentration of plant ash aqueous solution.
Then add the aqueous solution of plant ash to the pot with a clay ladle in a shallow pot of five mouths, and then start boiling it over a fierce fire.
The ash water in the shallow pot was quickly evaporated, and then Wang Tian got a shallow layer of sodium carbonate and collected them to continue boiling.
In fact, there are still many impurities in the sodium carbonate obtained in this way, and it needs to be purified several times before it can be extracted from plant ash, and the yield is pitiful.
A whole pot of water, after evaporation, the sodium carbonate crystals obtained are less than a tablespoon, and Wang Tian estimates that it will not exceed 10 grams at most.
In order to be able to get more output, Wang Tian increased the pot for boiling sodium carbonate crystallization to 10, so that 10 pots can get 100 grams of sodium carbonate at the same time, and ten pots were boiled 5 times at the same time, and finally got a pound of sodium carbonate with low purity.
Then the same method was used to purify this catty of sodium carbonate, and about seven taels of sodium carbonate with purity meet the requirements were obtained.
They are then reacted with an aqueous solution of lime to obtain an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate through constant stirring.
The tribesmen who were helping at the scene were all operating with a confused face, and at first they thought that the Son of Heaven was boiling salt.
In fact, it is not wrong to think that it is boiling salt, sodium is salt, and then everyone saw that the boiled things were added to the transparent lime water, and through continuous stirring, some white precipitate was produced.
Everyone has strange expressions, what kind of magic is the Son of Heaven casting? Can conjure things out of thin air.
Just when his family thought that the Son of Heaven wanted these sediments, the Son of Heaven told them that he actually wanted these waters, which were aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide.
What the? It took so much effort, stirring and boiling, just to get this water? Water is not everywhere, can it take so much effort?
Wang Tian couldn't explain it to them now, did he want to tell them that the aqueous solution of lime was actually calcium hydroxide, which reacted with the boiled sodium carbonate to form a calcium carbonate precipitate that they thought was useful, and the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide that Wang Tian wanted to use?
With such complex chemical knowledge, he just dissected the heads of primitive people, and he couldn't digest them if he put them in.
He asked everyone to continue boiling the ash water, and he needed to test the optimal ratio of the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to the oil.
He knew that the ratio of natural oil to pure sodium hydroxide was about 3:1, but he did not know the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide obtained so far.
You can't boil them and crystallize them, and then add water and oil for saponification! It's too much of a hassle.
He found two clay pots, added an aqueous solution of fish oil and sodium hydroxide in different proportions, made corresponding records, and then stirred constantly.
Saponification reaction is a relatively long process, at this time must not be anxious, after mixing grease and sodium hydroxide solution for a period of time, the soap will gradually become thick, with a spoon on the surface to draw the shape can not disperse to indicate that the saponification reaction is completed,
Next, the soap can be introduced into the mold, and after it is dried and molded, it is made into a piece of soap.
According to this method, Wang Tian made 6 clay pots of soap, and then selected the most suitable ratio as the mass production standard.
This method of making soap is called cold soap, and it does not require heat except for the dissolution of the weather-related solid grease into a liquid.
Its drying time will be relatively long, the reaction is completed, and it usually takes 3~5 weeks of natural drying after being loaded into the mold before it can be used out of the mold.
Of course, the purpose of this is only to make the water in the soap liquid evaporate into a solid and easy to take, even if it is a thick liquid that has just completed the chemical reaction, it still has the ability to decontaminate.
After getting the best ratio, Wang Tian made soap from the remaining sodium hydroxide liquid according to the proportion, and packed them in a few shallow containers.
After it has dried, the soap can be cut into small pieces with a bamboo knife and can be used directly.
I can finally take a comfortable hot shower tonight, and I don't have to smear my whole body with black grass and wood ash anymore.
For the work of making soap, Wang Tian naturally handed him over to Zhou to be in charge, and when he arrived next spring, he would collect some flowers to make essential oils, and a piece of soap in the real sense would be completed.