Sugar was finally produced on the island of Grenada, and a batch of brown sugar from the island of Grenada was shipped back to East Friesland for consumption at the palace of Aurich. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

In fact, sugarcane cultivation in Grenada is still expanding. Because sugarcane nodes can grow sugarcane seedlings, most of the harvested sugarcane is used to continue to cultivate sugarcane seedlings and then expand planting.

However, it's not good to keep sugar all the time. According to the usual practice, if you don't see the benefits all the time, those European nobles will definitely be very angry. In fact, Marin was not so short-sighted, and the governor of Grenada, George Sr., still selected a batch of sugar cane that was not growing well and used it to extract sugar......

In the end, the ship that returned to the port of Emden brought back a total of 20 bags of rice for Marin to make egg fried rice; 20 bags of ginger for use as spices and condiments; 20 bags of soybeans for ...... Well, it was taken by Marin to grind soy milk and make tofu...... Finally, there are 5 bags of sucrose - brown sugar......

However, Marlin was a little surprised by the packaging of these goods......

Rice, ginger and soybeans are packed in sacks, which is fine. But why do you use animal skin bags for all that sucrose? Didn't you know that hides are expensive? It is naturally no problem to transport cane sugar in small quantities in this way, but Marin wants to make sucrose an industry in the future. In this way, the ease and cost of packaging sucrose also need to be controlled. Otherwise, the value of the pocket is too high, isn't it the diaphragm?

After all, in the end, sucrose still has to be for the public. Storing cane sugar in animal skin pockets is too extravagant......

"Why don't you use oiled paper to fill the cane sugar?" Marin asked the bald head of the captain who was in charge of running the American route. In Marin's cognition, there are no plastic bags in this era, so it is naturally best to use moisture-proof oil-paper bags.

Ben scratched his bare head, thought for a moment and said:

"My lord, the price of oil paper is not cheaper than animal skin......"

"Huh?" Marin was stunned for a moment, and then he called Kohler and asked him to send someone to inquire.

Sure enough, when Kohler's men returned, they told Marlin that the price of oiled paper was really not cheaper than animal skins, and that they were not as strong as animal skins......

Marin vaguely remembered that the current papermaking technology in Europe was probably the early papermaking technology learned by the Arabs during the Tang Dynasty. That is, the method of making paper from raw materials such as rags, fishing nets, and tree bark.

However, European cloth is very expensive, and rags are used as raw materials...... If the cost of paper is not high, there is a ghost......

At this time, the Ming Dynasty has begun to popularize bamboo paper. Bamboo paper is to soak the bamboo in the lime pond for more than 100 days, soak it and then take it to make paper.

Bamboo is everywhere in China, especially in the south. Moreover, moso bamboo grows very quickly, and raw materials are easy to obtain. Therefore, the cost of paper in China is much lower than that of paper made of rags and fishing nets in Europe.

Until the Qianlong period, the French missionary Jiang Youren (formerly known as Benoit. Michel stole the secrets of papermaking in China, drew a new style of papermaking, and sent it back to Paris.

As far as the current situation is concerned, the price of paper in Europe is really not cheap. So much so that when the nobles signed the papers, they simply used parchment, which was a little more expensive than paper, but more durable.

And, when it comes to the current oiled paper in Europe, it costs more. Because, the popular oil paper in Europe is butter paper. How expensive is butter? In this era of lack of oil and water, the price of butter ......

Paper is already expensive in Europe, and with butter, the price is even more expensive, basically the same as animal skin. But hides are not only waterproof, but also stronger. Therefore, when transporting cane sugar, the Europeans simply used animal skin bags.

……

Marin suddenly remembered something - he seemed to have planned to use the local forest resources to make paper on Cape Breton Island. For this reason, he also sent people to Egypt to buy the sodium sulfate needed to cook the pulp. It's just that he was busy with the war before, and he almost forgot about it.

So, he hurriedly found relevant personnel and asked about the purchase of manganese. As a result, Marin was told that the ship to Egypt had already bought dozens of bags of manganese and had found a stable supplier. As long as there is a need, you can buy him hundreds or thousands of bags of manganese. It's just that Marin never mentioned the purchase of miscanthus later, and the papermaking was also delayed, and the ship to Egypt only cared about buying natural soda and no longer increased the purchase of miscanthus nitrate.

In fact, coal mines have now been discovered and developed in the North Sydney mining area on Cape Breton Island, north of Sydney Harbour. Moreover, Cape Breton Island, including most of North America, is a densely forested area.

It is definitely the best choice to develop the paper industry in North America......

With the abundance of trees, the coal mines of Cape Breton Island, and the cooking catalyst purchased from Egypt, Marin can set up a cauldron on Cape Breton Island and boil as much pulp as possible...... In later generations, Canada was the world's largest pulp producer......

Of course, the container for boiling pulp is not an ordinary cauldron. Instead, a steel digester with good sealing is needed, and after the digester is sealed, the water vapor cannot be emitted during cooking, and high pressure is formed in the digester. Then, the temperature rises......

In this way, in a few hours, the wood chips can be boiled into pulp that can be used to make paper......

Using the traditional method of making bamboo paper, it takes more than 100 days to soak the bamboo in the lime pond......

After soaking, it has to be taken to a large pot and boiled for seven or eight days......

In the more than 100 days of soaking bamboo, the papermakers had nothing to do but do something else. When the bamboo is soaked, they can boil it and officially start work.

The modern chemical pulping method is used, sodium sulfate is used as the cooking catalyst, and a sealed high-pressure digester is used to put the wood cut into small pieces into the digester, and the pulp can be obtained by high-pressure cooking for 2 to 4 hours......

In contrast, the efficiency is hundreds or thousands of times worse......

With the most advanced bamboo paper papermaking method in the world, it takes at least 120 days or so to obtain pulp that can be used to make paper.

However, using the chemical pulping method of later generations, using a wider range of wood than bamboo, pulp can be obtained in just one day...... Even, you don't need it for a day, just half a day......

That is to say, when the papermakers of the Ming Dynasty made a knife of paper, the workers who used modern methods may have made hundreds or thousands of knives of paper......

With such efficiency, the timber in North America does not cost money, and it can be cut casually. Therefore, Marin can be sure that as long as he starts making paper, the cost of paper made by his paper mill will be very low, lower than the cost of paper in the Ming Dynasty.

The price of paper in the Ming Dynasty was about 1 penny per piece of paper, and the cost of the paper made by Marin with modern technology must be much lower than this......

At that time, such a low-cost paper will definitely not be expensive when made into oiled paper. At that time, Marlin is fully qualified to popularize oil-paper bag packaging......

In addition, the textbooks used by East Frisian schools can also be used by everyone...... Unlike now, many children are still learning to fly and write on the sand table with branches......

And because the North American colonies produced a large amount of whale oil, even if it was made of oiled paper, it was not necessary to use expensive butter, but to use whale oil to soak the paper. In this way, the price of oil paper produced on Cape Breton Island must be very cheap.

When the time comes, Grenada, and Cuba, which will be developed, will produce cane sugar, which can be packaged in oiled paper. It is cheap and moisture-proof......

To this end, Marin personally organized craftsmen to create a large digester for cooking pulp, sealed, with a lid similar to a tank lid at the top, and around the lid, covered with cowhide, to ensure that the container does not leak as much as possible during cooking, increase the pressure inside the easy, and increase the cooking temperature.

It's just that the first time I cooked, the iron bolt of the lid was not made firmly, which caused the lid to fly away by the high pressure of the digester, and there was a huge explosion sound. Fortunately, the iron cover flew to a place where no one was around. Otherwise, if you smash Marin, who came to watch, it will change history......

After improvement, the craftsmen used high-carbon steel plugs for the lid of the digester, which can withstand high tensile forces. In this way, no matter how much pressure in the digester is, the iron lid will not be blown off. Unless, the internal pressure inside the digester is so strong that a digester made of pure steel can explode...... However, that probability is extremely low......

After the digester was successful, Marin ordered it to be loaded on a ship and transported to Cape Breton Island. At the same time, Marin also sent a group of papermakers and lumberjacks who had signed a death contract to go to Cape Breton Island to make paper. The lumberjacks, of course, were responsible for cutting down the trees and dividing the logs into small pieces of wood for cooking in a digester. The papermakers, on the other hand, are responsible for boiling the pulp, remixing the pulp, and copying the paper. Then, take out the pulp-coated boards and dry them...... When it is dry, the papermakers can remove the paper from the boards......

However, due to the need to transfer the boiling salt base to Cape Breton Island, the wastewater from paper production is polluted (especially for chemical pulping). Therefore, Marin decided that the base of papermaking would not be located in Sydney Bay, but at the northern tip of Cape Breton Island.

In this way, the wastewater from the paper mill, even if discharged into the sea, will not affect the boiling salt in Sydney Bay. This is because the ocean currents on the east coast of North America, the North Atlantic Current, flow from south to north. If you go to the northernmost point of Cape Breton Island on the Paper Mill Peninsula, the wastewater produced by the paper mill will not affect the "upstream" salt base. Otherwise, the salt base is boiled with polluted seawater, and the boiled salt will be problematic.