Chapter 1644 - Fooling Philip into Enclosure Movement
For Philip's "I am your little master" style, Marin is also very disgusted in his heart. After all, even if he had served the Habsburgs, he would have become independent and the head of a country.
However, Marin also knows the temper of Philip, the "second generation of the emperor", who is extremely proud and grudgeful. At the moment, Philip is not dead, maybe Maximilian I will be the one who will run for emperor after his death. If this guy becomes the emperor and still holds a grudge against himself, and in turn unites the princes to clean himself up, it will be very bad. After all, Marin had long planned to annex all the princes of northern Germany, and it was only a matter of time before he turned against the princes. On the Habsburg side, it is as good as possible not to offend. So, even if he was unhappy, Marin still pretended to be very cooperative.
In response to Philip's accusations, Marin explained in as tactful tone as possible that he was looking for artisans who had lost their jobs to worsen the textile workers.
But what Marlin didn't expect was that Philip didn't hold on to the matter, but directly began to ask Marin about it, so that Marin almost didn't react - didn't he come to ask for guilt?
Soon, Marin also reacted. Prince Philip is selfish, but he is not a fool either. After all, his father is a smart man, and he will never give birth to a fool. Prince Philip was not stupid enough to go home, and he must have been anxious to know that the woolen industry in Flanders was in decline due to British suppression.
It is important to know that the woollen textile industry in Flanders has flourished for hundreds of years and is the most important source of tax revenue in the Netherlands. For example, Ghent, where Prince Philip lived, was the most famous woollen center in Flanders and the fourth largest city in the Holy Roman Empire, with a population of 55,000.
The decline of the woollen industry meant that Philip received a drastic reduction in tax revenue. And for this second generation of emperors who like pleasure, this will definitely kill him! Therefore, it is normal for him to come and ask for advice.
However, Marin didn't have much to do about it. After all, this is the result of the British's trade protectionism. After Edward overthrew the reign of Henry VII, he continued Henry VII's policy of high tariffs on wool exports. After all, it's good for the UK. But for Flanders, it was more uncomfortable.
The same 364-pound bag of British wool can be purchased at a local textile mill for only £8. And when it was shipped to Flanders, the price rose to £12 or even £13 because of high tariffs. In terms of cost, there is a difference of four or five pounds, how can you compete? Unless, the Netherlands also learned from the British to raise sheep in large quantities......
"That's right, let the Netherlands also raise sheep!" Marin patted his head and thought of a way.
This method is to learn from the British and engage in "enclosure sports" to raise sheep. As long as they raised their own sheep, the wool was naturally not threatened by the British. The woollen industry in Flanders was then able to survive......
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Thinking of this, Marin gave a detailed introduction to Prince Philip's "enclosure movement" in England. Then, it was suggested that Prince Philip should also follow the example of England, enclosing the public land in the Netherlands and even stealing the land of the peasants. For example, deliberately lending usury to peasants, and then, while they are not repaid, seizing the peasants' land......
The Netherlands is different from Germany, a major part of the Holy Roman Empire, in that it is bordered by France and across the sea by England. Therefore, the society here is more enlightened than in the German region. During the dissolution of serfdom in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Netherlands was influenced by France and England, and serfdom was largely dissolved, and many yeoman farmers appeared.
Germany, near the Netherlands, was more conservative and retained serfdom. The main reason was that the princes of the German regions were a separatist force and urgently needed to rely on the exploitation of serfs to maintain their rule and luxury. Moreover, there were many wandering knights in Germany and they were strong in force. Even if the peasants resisted, the German knights could easily suppress it. Therefore, serfdom in Germany was relatively well preserved.
The Netherlands, on the other hand, was culturally closer to France, although it belonged to the Holy Roman Empire like Germany. In particular, the southern part of the Netherlands, later known as Belgium, was much more influenced by France than by Germany, and there were many yeoman farmers and a larger number of tenant farmers in the rural areas.
And if Philip had learned from England's enclosure movement, then, in addition to enclosing public land, he could bankrupt the yeoman farmers and hand over the land through usury. At the same time, it is also possible to drive out tenant farmers by not renewing the lease, and use the original arable land for sheep grazing......
The labor required for sheep herding and farming is completely different, and if a farmer farms, he can grow dozens of acres at most. Even if the farming methods are extensive, even if there are two male laborers in the family, planting 100 acres of land will be up to the sky.
Unlike sheep farming, this industry does not require much labor. If there is a shepherd dog to help, there are many sheep that can be raised. For example, in his previous life, Marin saw a news - New Zealand's largest family farm, a family of 7 people, actually owns 100,000 acres of land, raises 28,000 sheep and 26,000 cattle. People don't use much manual grazing, and they directly trained 40 sheepdogs to help take care of the livestock......
And how big is 100,000 acres? 404.6 square kilometers, which is equivalent to the size of several towns! The county in Ma Lin's hometown in his previous life was only 1,000 square kilometers and had a population of 7.8 million or 800,000!
In other words, if the "land enclosure movement" is carried out, a large number of yeoman farmers or tenant farmers will be forced to lose everything and become displaced people who have nothing.
Historically, Britain achieved the glory of the wool textile industry by forcibly sending these displaced people to textile factories. In order to prevent these peasants, who had lost everything, from becoming a hidden danger to society, the cruel Henry VIII even ordered the imprisonment of poor peasants who did not go to work in the textile factory. Even, many people were hanged as a threat.
Later, the reason why England was able to colonize the thirteen states of North America was because of the enclosure movement, which caused hundreds of thousands of displaced people to appear in England. Despite the best efforts of the textile factory to absorb it, there were still too many people left. In desperation, the British sent them to the Americas to reclaim the famine, and the colonies of the thirteen states of North America also appeared......
In other words, as long as the land enclosure movement is carried out, a large number of peasants will inevitably be displaced and become refugees......
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Prince Philip obviously thought of this as well, so although he knew that raising sheep was lucrative, he did not dare to engage in enclosure activities casually. Because, those peasants who lost their land, could become a hidden danger and even start a rebellion.
As early as 1490, a rebellion broke out in the Flemish region. In the end, it was Albrecht, then Duke of Saxony, who led troops to help suppress it. In return, Maximilian I gave the then West Frisian aristocratic republic to the Duchy of Saxony, which also led to a series of grievances and hatreds......
At that time, Prince Philip was still a child, and he was frightened by the riot of the textile workers and the local peasants. Therefore, even if Marin tricked him into enclosure, he was a little timid. After all, the rebellion was a shadow of his childhood. Because, since he was a child, he lived in Ghent, in the Flemish region, and witnessed the rebellion firsthand.
After learning of Prince Philip's concerns, Marin immediately patted his chest and assured, and at the same time, it also revealed his ultimate purpose-
"Your Highness, you don't have to worry at all. Those peasants have no land, can I recruit them to go to the Savage Continent to reclaim the land......"
This is the real purpose of Marin's enclosure campaign to bewitch Prince Philip - for the population of the Netherlands!
At this time, the Netherlands was very large, including the later Netherlands and Belgium, as well as the Duchy of Luxembourg before it was partitioned (Luxembourg was historically divided by France and Prussia with 76% of the land). In the whole of the Netherlands, only West Friesland, the former Duchy of Guedes, the Archbishopric of Utrecht, and the Limburg region under the control of Marin did not belong to the Habsburgs, and the rest were the territories of the Habsburgs, divided into several principalities and counties. The total area of the Austrian Netherlands, under the rule of the Habsburgs, is estimated to be more than 60,000 square kilometers, and all of them are plains. The total population, also more than one million, is equivalent to one-third of England.
Historically, the rise of the Netherlands has also been an important guarantee for the abundant local labor resources. Otherwise, no one will compete for a hair?
Marin had his eye on this million people, and if the Netherlands carried out the enclosure movement, at least hundreds of thousands of Dutch peasants would be driven out of their homes and become refugees. When the time comes, Marin can completely absorb these people and become his own labor force. And the Dutch have always belonged to the Holy Roman Empire and are relatively easy to assimilate.
What the? You say that these peasants were also needed to work as textile workers after the Dutch enclosure? Inexistent! Because, there are already many textile workers in the Flemish region. Ghent and Bruges, the two major woolen centers, have a total population of 55,000 and 35,000, with a total population of 90,000, most of whom are textile workers......
Therefore, there is no shortage of textile workers in the Flemish region, but wool. If there is a war enclosure movement, there will be nowhere to settle the landless Dutch peasants. Marin promised to eat them all, which gave Prince Philip confidence.
However, Prince Philip was also very reluctant and hesitant to lose so many people. Then, Marin made a big move......
"Your Highness, if you agree with me to recruit the peasants who have lost their land, I will give you 100,000 English sheep. Moreover, most of them are young ewes! As long as you have the right people to manage them, these English sheep will be able to breed more and provide you with the exact same wool as England wool! ”
"What, 100,000 English sheep?" Prince Philip stood up in shock. Then, he suddenly remembered that Marin seemed to be the Earl of Newcastle in England, with a fief the size of Northumberland, and it was not difficult to help him get 100,000 English sheep......
And if there are 100,000 British sheep, it will not be difficult to breed on a large scale in the fertile plains of the Netherlands. By then, the Flemish region would have an abundance of English wool of the same type. The crisis of the woolen industry in Flanders can be solved immediately......
Thinking of the tax revenues brought by the resumption of the prosperity of the woolen industry in Flanders, Prince Philippe suddenly gave in......
"Okay, I'll go back and discuss the enclosure with the nobles of the Netherlands!"
His Royal Highness, who was deceived and lame, hurried back to Root to prepare for the enclosure......