Chapter 106: Fame

Spreading the land into the mu is something Zhu Yunwen has wanted to do for a long time, but the conditions were not mature enough.

Even in the ten years of Jianwen, it cannot be said that the conditions are fully met.

Since then, the state only taxes the acres of land, no longer taxes individuals, and in layman's terms, it is no longer free to use labor, at that time, if the state needs to complete the dredging of rivers, grain border passes, construction of palaces and so on, it is necessary to pay to hire people to work, which is a constraint on the state, and at the same time can also form a certain constraint on official corruption.

In essence, this is a manifestation of the monetization of labor and an inevitable product of the development of the commodity economy to a certain stage.

Compared with population statistics, land statistics are relatively easy, because land can neither run, nor multiply, nor die, so taxation of land can allow the government to have a relatively stable fiscal revenue, and then live within its means, and fiscal revenue and expenditure gradually turn to budgeting.

But one thing is certain, that is, the burden of the rich peasant landlords who own land will inevitably increase because of the apportionment of the Ding tax, and this will inevitably cause dissatisfaction among many landlords, especially large landlords, who are often the mainstream of public opinion.

Therefore, it is conceivable that Zhu Yunwen's reputation in later generations will not be too good, and Zhuo Jing and others are likely to be labeled as "ministers of accumulation".

In addition, the apportionment of the land into the mu is also beneficial to the stability of the Zhu family's regime.

The reason is simple: apportionment is equivalent to transferring the tax burden of most of the poor to the rich, so as to minimize social contradictions, reduce the probability of peasant uprisings and various revolutionary movements, and thus promote the stability of the country.

Finally, the conscription is converted into silver taels, which objectively requires a large amount of silver, and China has been a country lacking gold and silver since ancient times. Jiaozi's ideas were inherited by the Meng Yuan and the Ming Dynasty, and to some extent the economy did prosper, but due to the lack of effective restraints, paper money depreciated rapidly, which in turn led to financial collapse and the destruction of the country, as is one of the typical examples in the Southern Song Dynasty.

At the same time, the use of silver to pay taxes, but also will produce a well-known drawbacks in later generations - fire consumption, the people pay is scattered silver taels, the government needs to be smelted after the collection, which will produce a kind of loss, resulting in the amount of insufficient when handed over to the treasury, so the government on this ground, levy more silver, the beautiful name is called "fire consumption".

The "fire consumption" is not in the name of state levy, but is completely formulated by the localities themselves, and this gives some officials room to work on their own hands, which not only corrupts the rule of officials, but also increases the burden on the people.

In order to solve these problems, before and after Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne, he founded the Bank of Communications, issued 100% reserve silver tickets, and a few years later, began to issue coinage, and now there are two denominations of round and corner, of which a round silver coin has a face value of one tael, and a dime of silver coin, with a face value of 0.1 taels.

But these means can only be the standardization of silver, and cannot increase the amount of silver.

In order to solve this problem, Zhu Yunwen opened up overseas trade, obtained gold and silver through trade, and some maritime merchants even sailed to the Red Sea to trade with Arabs and Egyptians, and there are even rumors that some people went further and reached Europe; Of course, there were also merchants who heeded the emperor's call and sailed to the Americas, but there has been no response yet.

It's a pity that this is not the era of great maritime discoveries, and the Arabs and Europeans did not have as much gold and silver in their hands as they imagined.

Therefore, Zhu Yunwen set his sights on the Japanese state and launched a war to conquer the Japanese, many people thought that the emperor was attacking the Japanese just to save face, but in fact it was not.

Now that the Japanese front is basically stable, Zhu Yunwen ordered the Haidong Metropolitan Division to make every effort to mine gold and silver, mint gold and silver coins, and indeed ensure the domestic tax reform.

But even with these preparations, Zhu Yunwen did not dare to fully roll out, he first carried out a trial trial in the newly established Jiangnan and Zhejiang political departments, these places have a developed commodity economy and sufficient silver stocks, which can meet the needs of silver in the mu.

In addition, Zhu Yunwen also encouraged grain merchants in the Jiangnan area to transport grain to Haidong to provide supplies for the local garrison, and the local garrison was all settled in silver, so as to accelerate the return of silver and prosper the economy of the Jiangnan area.

......

Zhu Yunwen worked hard for ten years to meet the basic conditions for the implementation of apportionment, but the difficulties that need to be overcome are not only these.

For example, in the final issue of land tax, it is actually impossible to calculate the ding mouth every year, and then count the acres of land, and then determine the amount of tax per acre, so there must be a calculation method, and it can be kept unchanged for at least 50 years.

To this end, Zhu Yunwen adopted the method of later generations, determined the total amount of Ding tax based on the number of Ding Kou in the ninth year of Jianwen, and apportioned it to the acres of land, and the field tax in the following years and months was based on the field tax calculated this time, and there would be no adjustment for no reason.

This is what later generations called "prosperity will never be endowed".

But in fact, anyone with a discerning eye knows that this is just a trick.

Because the tax burden calculation standard of newly reclaimed land does not depend on the land tax burden before the apportionment into the mu, but on the land tax burden after the apportionment into the mu, so with the reclamation of the land, the implied tax has actually been increasing, but in another way.

This is also a reason why the total tax revenue of the Manchu Qing Dynasty far exceeded that of the previous generation, including the monetized Ding tax, but in fact, although the Ding tax has been apportioned into the acres, but in some special circumstances, the people still have to serve without compensation, but this is also a helpless thing.

The hardest bone is actually a measure of land.

In order to gnaw this hard bone, Zhu Yunwen appointed Zhuo Jing as the political envoy of Jiangnan, and Wang Gen as the political envoy of Zhejiang, presiding over the government affairs of the two places, and also sent Zhou Xin, a "cold face and cold iron", to supervise.

In order to make up for the problem of lack of manpower, Zhu Yunwen transferred students from Taixue, Jingshi University, Army University, and Navy University to participate in the inventory; Even some of the Hanlin Yuan's Hanlin who did not have specific titles were also drawn out to participate in the vigorous land inventory.

In order to prevent the landlords from colluding with local officials and deceiving their superiors and subordinates, Zhu Yunwen exercised a system of accountability, set a deadline for officials to complete the inventory, and if it could not be completed by the expiration date, they would be dismissed from their posts on the spot.

Even so, Zhu Yunwen is still a little uneasy, and he also encourages whistleblowers, if someone conceals real estate and is reported, then not only will the concealed land be confiscated, but also bear a huge fine, and the whistleblower will be rewarded handsomely, up to half of the amount of his report.

As for the eagle dogs of the Investigation Bureau and the Security Bureau, Zhu Yunwen naturally would not let them be idle, and sent them all out to spy on intelligence, crack down on corrupt officials and corrupt officials, and crack down on local tyrants and inferior gentry.

And so on and so forth.

For a time, the land inventory was vigorous, the landlords and old wealth were full of complaints, and the people's grievances were boiling, and some old wealth people even hired people to publish articles in newspapers, accusing the officials of the inventory of the wanton expropriation and extortion, and the common people.

In this regard, Zhu Yunwen ordered the propaganda department to intensify its censorship, and at the same time promptly investigate and deal with the problems that have been exposed, and promptly announce them in the newspapers.

Even so, Zhu Yunwen did not save his reputation, some gentry did not dare to complain publicly, so they wrote in notes, novels, and even some operas, so that later historians were like treasures, thinking that they had found key evidence, and found ironclad evidence that Emperor Jianwen was "lascivious and lascivious, extravagant", but unfortunately, this is also a helpless thing.

Zhu Yunwen knew all about these situations, so he was very cautious, transferred Qu Neng and Cao Yushu back to the Beijing Division, presided over the defense of the Beijing Division, and at the same time ordered the three guards guarding the capital to cancel their vacations and be ready to go out at any time to suppress all traitors.