Of course, now it is still very good to look at the attributes of Han Xun, not just to say that he usurped Hou Yi's power as a retainer or as a traitor, and his ability will not be so high, but he also refers to the relationship of another statement.

"The question I'm concerned about is, is this a historical figure?" Bao Hong wondered, "Or is he indeed a character recorded in the history books?" Or will such characters from ancient legends continue to appear in the future? ”

To be honest, the nature of the Xia Dynasty is generally controversial, not to mention the non-existent disputes, even whether the Great Xia is a national nature or a tribal alliance is a difficult issue.

As Bao Hong said, going back to Daxia, these things are really unclear whether they are history or legends.

If Great Xia goes further, it will be able to start the period of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, which is simply becoming more and more mythical.

"In terms of historical books, for the three emperors and five emperors, the characters of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, basically the systematic database is also based on several historical books of the Zhou Dynasty, and the other is the famous "Historical Records". The system introduced, "The vassal states of the Western Weekend of China have been recorded in history, such as the Jin State's "Cheng", Zheng Guo's "Zhi", Chu State's "Han Zhu", Lu State's "Spring and Autumn", etc., "Mozi" said that Mo Zhai had seen the "Spring and Autumn of a Hundred Kingdoms". ”

"However, the "Jin Shixian" and "Chu Shi Shu" and other songs and virtues that belong to the country have no substantive content, and this thing is said to be only the second according to the "Zuo Chuan", "Chinese", "Shuoyuan", "New Preface" and Zhuzi Shu, and its falsity is not to be identified." The system continued, "Relatively speaking, the most referenced ones are basically "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Chuan", "Warring States Policy", "Bamboo Book Chronicle", etc. ”

The original text of "Spring and Autumn" was extremely concise in language and orderly in its choice of words. Because the text is too simple and difficult for future generations to understand, interpretive works appear one after another, explaining and explaining the records in the book, which is called "biography". Among them, Zuo Qiu Ming's "Spring and Autumn Zuo's Biography", Ram Gao's "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography", and Gu Liangchi's "Spring and Autumn Gu Liang Biography" are collectively known as "Spring and Autumn Three Biography" and are included in the Confucian classics. At present, the original text of "Spring and Autumn" is generally compiled into "Zuo Chuan" as "classics", and the new content of "Zuo Chuan" is used as "biography".

The Ram Pass and the Gu Liang Pass are very different from the Left Pass. The Legend of the Ram and Gu Liang preached "small words and great righteousness", hoping to clarify the original meaning of Confucius (the author believes that the Spring and Autumn Period was written by Confucius), and some people think that some of the content is far-fetched. The Zuo Biography is based on historical facts, supplementing the major events that are not recorded in the "Spring and Autumn Period", and some records are different from the "Spring and Autumn Period", and some people believe that the historical value of the Zuo Biography is greater than that of the Ram Biography and the Liang Biography.

The historical span of the "Zuo Biography" is very long. It includes the history of the Spring and Autumn Period, "but it is definitely not limited to this history, but actually involves all aspects of history from ancient history and legends to the third dynasty of the Xia and Shang dynasties." If there is no "Zuo Chuan" in this area of history today, we will not be able to sort it out. "For understanding, the study of ancient history and ancient history is of great significance.

The "Zuo Biography" corroborates many important archaeological discoveries. For example, the long inscription of Dading unearthed from the No. 1 tomb of Xichuan Xiasi in Henan Province reads: "Wang Ziwu", also known as "Ling Yin Zigeng", "In fact, there is 'Wang Ziwu' in the ancient books, that is, 'Ling Yin Zigeng' is only "Zuo Chuan"; Then in 1973, a bronze bell was unearthed in Jijiahu, Dangyang, Hubei, and the inscription on it was incomplete, and it was recorded that "Wang Beiping Jingping Wang's determination to save Qin Rong", many scholars could not understand. And "the solution to this problem depends on the "Left Biography". "The determination of the king of Jingping" is the "determination of the king of Jingping". King Jingping is the King of Chuping, the King of Chuping who whipped Wu Zixu's corpse. "'King Jingping' is the son of King Chuping, and his name is 'Ding'."

The Spring and Autumn Period itself is not a work of history, but a valuable work of historical materials, so it is of great significance for the study of pre-Qin history, especially for the study of Confucianism and Confucius. Therefore, the use of the Spring and Autumn Period from the perspective of historiography is not only in line with the nature of the Spring and Autumn Period, but also more valuable than the historical work that regards it as a "broken and rotten newspaper". None of the works of the pre-Qin princes belong to historiography, but they are all historical materials necessary for modern people to study ancient history, and the historical facts and general righteousness of the "Spring and Autumn Period" are clear because of the "three transmissions", which is really its characteristics and advantages.

On the contrary, "Zuo Chuan" is a history of letters. In the fifth year of Emperor Xianning of the Jin Dynasty, Du Yu saw the new discovery of the bamboo book of Ji Mound, and talked about the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "Most of the records are the same as the "Zuo Chuan". People believe that Du Zhen started from his research, read the newly unearthed "Annals" at that time, and compared them to prove the correctness of "Zuo Chuan". ”

And here, the book "Bamboo Book Chronicle" is mentioned, and from the remarks of Du Pre or others, it is not difficult to see a point of view, that is, the accuracy of "Bamboo Book Chronicle" is still above "Spring and Autumn" or "Zuo Chuan" and so on.

The "Bamboo Book Chronicle" is a chronicle made by the historians of the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Wei State during the Warring States Period, also known as the "Ji Mound Chronicle", which is a chronicle that the tomb robbers are not allowed to find. At that time, it was buried in the tomb of King Wei Anjiao (one said to be King Wei Xiang). The Bamboo Book Chronicle records important historical events from the Xia Dynasty to King Xiang of Wei, and has high historical value for the study of pre-Qin history. The Bamboo Book Chronicle is similar to the ancient books from the early Han Dynasty tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha in recent years, and many records of the Bamboo Book Chronicle are also similar to the oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, Qin Jian, and the "Department of Chronicles", which shows its historical value.

The bamboo book was scattered as early as the Han Dynasty. In the Western Jin Dynasty in 279, a tomb of King Wei in present-day Henan Province was stolen and excavated, and the tomb robbers were arrested and a large number of bamboo slips were unearthed at the same time. At that time, the state attached great importance to this matter, and Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty ordered Xun Xuan, Zhongshu Ling and Qiao to be responsible for translating bamboo slips.

The length of the bamboo slip is two feet and four inches of ancient rulers, each of the four crosses, where thirteen articles, from the Yellow Emperor, after King Zhou Ping moved eastward, the Jin Dynasty was used after the Warring States Period. During this period, there were many political disturbances such as the Eight Kings Rebellion, and the secretary Cheng Weiheng was killed while he was engaged in the "examination of the correction", which greatly hit the progress of the arrangement, and was continued by Wei Heng's friend Zuo Shulang Shuhui. Finally, the official in charge sorted out the part of the historical record and named it the "Bamboo Book Chronicle". The "Bamboo Book Chronicle" records many events between the Jin State and the Wei State, and this book is generally regarded as the history book of the Wei State.

Since the "Historical Records" uses the biography style to describe events, the appearance of the Zhushu Chronicle can examine the content of the historical records from another angle, such as "Xia Qi killed Boyi", "Taijia killed Yiyin", "Wending killed Ji Li", "Gongbo and Gan Throne", which are very different from historical books.

For example, "(Yin) ancestor Yisheng ascended the throne and was for Zhongzong", which is different from the "Historical Records of Yin Benji" and other Zhongzong as Taiwu, but it is completely consistent with the title of "Zhongzong Zu B" in the oracle bone inscription, which shows that the historical value of the bamboo book is very high.

Therefore, the shock of the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" to the historiography community lies in the fact that the historical materials recorded in it are not only different from those described in the "Historical Records", but also have different value orientations. The Bamboo Book Chronicle describes the bloody coups and military conflicts that took place from the Xia Dynasty to the Warring States Period, and according to the "Historical Records", after Taijia of the Shang Dynasty was imprisoned by Yi Yin for 3 years, Yi Yin saw that Taijia had reformed and solemnly handed over the country to him. After Taijia was reinstated, he accepted the lesson painfully and became a holy monarch who was diligent in government and loved the people and worked hard to govern the country. However, the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" has a different description of this: after Yi Yin exiled Taijia, he set himself up as king, and 7 years later, Taijia sneaked back to kill the usurper Yi Yin, and set up Yi Yin's sons Yi Zhi and Yi Fen to inherit the Yi family.

There are many reasons for this situation, the first is that Kong Lao Er has been constantly doing bad things, changing history or fabricating history books.

Of course, fundamentally speaking, when Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Period, he deleted what he thought was negative, in order to promote the positive development of society.

From the perspective of Confucius, in order to promote etiquette and benevolence, it is natural to write positive things to promote people's pursuit of etiquette and morality.

Therefore, compared with what Confucius said, the ancient sage emperor was morally noble and was the saint he thought he was. Naturally, it is to follow the Zen system and select virtuous and moral sages for Zen positions.

However, in fact, take Zen Rang as an example. The role of Chan Rang in the Confucian ethical and moral governance system is very important, it is a model of governing the country with propriety and benevolence, but in fact, the record of the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" is: "Xi Yao De declined, imprisoned by Shun", and said that "Hou Ji released Emperor Zhu Yu Danshui" Hou Ji is abandoned, the ancestor of the Zhou people, Shun's cronies, apparently Shun imprisoned Yao, exiled Yao's son to ascend the throne, where is there any Zen Rang? "Han Feizi Says Doubt" in a word: "Shun forced Yao, Yu forced Shun, Tang Fangji, King Wu cut down, these four kings, the ministers killed their monarchs." ”

In addition, many Wenchen fierce generals are like the Yi Yin mentioned above, or "Xia Qi kills Boyi", "Taijia kills Yiyin", "Wending kills Ji Li", "Gongbo and Gan Throne" and other events, all of which are not conducive to Confucian etiquette and moral development, so they were modified by him to that kind of appearance.

Many of the records of the Bamboo Book Chronicle are quite peculiar and different from the traditional official historical records. The records of the Five Emperors are very different from the image of the virtuous Jun Shun contained in the official histories such as historical records. The quote is as follows:

Xi Yao was in decline and was imprisoned by Shun.

Shun imprisoned Yao in Pingyang and took the throne.

Shun put Yao in Pingyang.

Shun imprisoned Yao, reinstated Saidan Zhu, so that he would not see his father.

…………

Xia Ji contains the situation introduced earlier in the system, which is different from the "Historical Records" that only records "Taikang lost the country", and also records the affairs of Yi. Let the Yi Dynasty Taikang, become the ruler of the Xia Dynasty, these old things can be rediscovered.

The biggest difference between Yin Shang and Shang is naturally in Yi Yin's section.

The most different thing from the "Historical Records" of the Zhou Ji is the record of the republican administration. According to the official history such as historical records, the republican administration is that after King Zhou Li was driven away by the people, the two prime ministers of Zhou and Zhao Gong jointly govern. And Zhou Ji said that it was the government of the Gongbo and the Son of Heaven, that is, the uncle of the Communist Party, the name and the one who took the throne. This seems more in line with the "republican administration" narrative.

In addition, there is a complete history of Mu Tianzi, as well as a record of the two kings after the death of King Zhou You. Even Mu Tianzi's expedition to the north to the dog Rong, the west expedition to Kunlun Hill, and the Queen Mother of the West are all recorded. It can be seen that although there are many mythological contents in the content of "Mu Tianzi", after removing some absurd things, some historical facts can still be obtained.

"The Biography of Mu Tianzi" mainly records that King Mu of Zhou led the seven elite people, drove on Chiji, Thief Li, Baiyi, Yulun, Shanzi, Quhuang, Hualiu, Green Ear and other horses, driven by the father, Bo Yao as a guide, starting from Chengzhou, crossing Zhangshui, passing through Hezong, Yangxu Mountain, Qunyu Mountain and other places, west to the state of the West Queen Mother, and the mythical story of the West Queen Mother feasting and drinking. Among them, Cheng Zhou, according to scholars' research, refers to Luoyi, and King Mu's westward route should be from Luoyi, northward through the Taihang Mountains, through Hetao, and then turn westward, through present-day Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and reach the Pamir region (the state of the Western Queen Mother).

In the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", Mu Tianzi went on an expedition, drove with his father, and met with the Queen Mother of the West, all of which are real.

On the other hand, it is not difficult to see from the first unearthing of the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" that there was no such circulation in the Han Dynasty and even the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty.

According to the record of "Book of Jin, Volume 51, Biography 21, Shu Hui", in the second year of Emperor Taikang of Jin Dynasty, the people of Ji County, who were named not allowed, robbed the tomb and obtained dozens of bamboo slips from the tomb, all of which were recorded in ancient texts, and were known as "Ji Tomb Book" in history. Among them, there are thirteen historical books that record the anniversary of the Xia and Shang periods, and the "chronicle" (also known as the "Ji Mound Chronicle") of the original name of the Jin people.

Zhongshu Jian Xun Mian, Zhongshu Ling and Qiao were ordered to arrange the scattered bamboo slips in order, and use the common script at that time to test the commentary, so there is the first interpretation of the bamboo book chronology. It is also known as "Xun and Ben".

If there was a rumor during the Jin Dynasty, it would be impossible for Emperor Wu of Jin to move the people to toss this matter so much.

Therefore, this reason also leads to the fact that these contents in Sima Qian's "Historical Records" refer to the "Spring and Autumn Period".

The "Warring States Policy" at the end of the system is also of far-reaching significance, but relatively speaking, it can not be traced back to the previous few times so long, "Warring States Policy" recorded the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and Qin, Qi, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, Song, Wei, Zhongshan countries, the chronicle began in the early years of the Warring States Period, and ended with the destruction of the Six Kingdoms by Qin, with a history of about 240 years. It does not involve the content of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Yao Shunyu and even ****.

Of course, his importance in some ways is unmatched by several other books.

"Warring States Policy" is basically a family of its own, that is, a vertical and horizontal family. His moral and philosophical outlook is mostly Taoism, and his social and political outlook is close to Legalism, which is incompatible with Confucianism, so it has been criticized by later generations of scholars, and has been denounced as "heresy" and "book of apocalyptic scriptures".

Although it is customary to classify "Warring States Policy" as a historical work, it is very different from "Zuo Chuan" and "Chinese". There are many accounts that are not credible as historical facts. For example, in "Wei Ce", the famous "Tang Ju robbed the King of Qin", it was written that Tang Ju coerced the King of Qin Yingzheng (that is, Qin Shi Huang) with a sword in the Qin court, which is simply impossible. This kind of content is not so much history as it is a story.

"Warring States Policy" is good at telling things clearly, using a lot of fables and metaphors, and the language is vivid and full of literary brilliance. Although the historical facts and statements recorded in the book cannot be trusted, it is still an important historical material for the study of the society of the Warring States period.

Of course, there really aren't too many so-called untrustworthy problems for the system. If you don't introduce the Romance of Wild History, the myth of the gods is good, and the record that is classified as 'official history', do you still have any opinions on the characters created? (To be continued.) )