Zhao Lijing is a farmer in Datian Township, Jinghai County. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

In the sixth year of Chongzhen, because he was oppressed by the officials, he got up every year and paid an increase in the field endowment, and in the end, he had to pay a bucket of nine liters of field per mu of land every year. At that time, he was oppressed by the officials and was very poor, and he couldn't eat a bite of meat during the New Year, so he took the land to the house of Master Yuan in the same township.

Master Yuan was born in Xiucai, and he has a relationship with the household officials in the county yamen, so he doesn't need to pay the field endowment. After Zhao Lijing took the field to offer Master Yuan, the field became Master Yuan's private property, but it was still cultivated for Zhao Lijing. Zhao Lijing pays a rent of one bucket and four liters of land per mu of land to Master Yuan every year.

At that time, Master Yuan and Zhao Lijing were very happy, and Zhao Lijing signed the title deed and gave the field to Master Yuan.

Although the land no longer belongs to Zhao Lijing, at least five liters of grain per mu of land will be handed over. Zhao Lijing's 23 acres of dry land can save one stone and one bucket of grain a year. This stone's grain can allow Zhao Lijing's family of three to make a new set of clothes and eat a bite of meat during the New Year.

The most important thing is that Master Yuan counts when he speaks, and he will not add Zhao Lijing's land rent in the future. Compared with those officials who are insatiable and constantly increase their land endowments, this stable land rent is precious.

It is not only Zhao Lijing's family who took the land to contribute to Master Yuan. Mr. Yuan charged a very low rent to the peasants who had donated it. One by one, the peasants followed the trend and voted.

More and more farmers in Datian Township have donated to Master Yuan's home, and even less farmland has been handed over. Those small farmers who did not contribute to the gentry were required to pay a heavier land endowment in Ghana, so more people contributed and paid fewer taxes, forming a vicious circle.

In the past few years, at least more than 200 farmers in Datian Township who have no power have donated their fields to Master Yuan's family. Mr. Yuan has more and more fields, and gradually becomes the richest man in Datian Township.

However, in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, things changed.

In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, Tianjin's Xingguobo reformed the tax system, leveled the fields, and collected taxes from the gentry, and the original tax-free Yuan master also had to collect taxes. Although Master Yuan judged the situation and did not increase the increased land endowment to the land rent, he did not collect additional land rent from the farmers who surrendered. However, Xingguobo's tax officers are honest and fair, and they only collect seven liters and one heel of land per mu of land every year. Therefore, the land endowment of the yeoman farmer is only half of the rent of Master Yuan.

Zhao Lijing couldn't help but use his brain. If you leave the Yuan family with the land you donated, you can save one stone and five buckets of land rent every year!

In fact, many farmers who surrendered to the Yuan family heard about Xingguobo's tax system at this time, and they all had the idea of leaving the Yuan family. But when he first surrendered to the Yuan family, he wrote the title deed and gave the land to the Yuan family. Now that the land deed is in the hands of Master Yuan, he does not pay the rent, and he will eat the board when he goes to the government.

But who is Zhao Lijing? How flexible is his head? He inquired around and learned that Xingguobo's policy had always been to protect small farmers. In September, Zhao Lijing heard that Xing Guobo had set up a "court" in Jinghai County to deal with various lawsuits. Moreover, this court is even more powerful than the county lord -- if the result of the lawsuit adjudicated by the court is different from that of the county lord, the court of Xingguobo shall prevail.

Master Yuan has a relationship with the county government, but he has nothing to do with Xingguobo. When Zhao Lijing heard the news of the "Xingguobo Court", he was sure to win the lawsuit and take back the land that had been donated to the Yuan family.

On September 15, Zhao Lijing took his daughter-in-law and son to the courtroom to beat drums and fight a lawsuit.

Like the county government, there is a big drum outside Li Zhi's courtroom, and if the people who want to fight the lawsuit beat the drum to voice their grievances, the court will be opened.

The judge of the court held a trial, listened to Zhao Lijing's statement in the courtroom, and sent someone to summon the landlord Yuan Xiucai. The judge carefully examined the title deed and found that there was indeed no transaction amount on the title deed of the 23 mu of land, and the land was given to Yuan Xiucai by Zhao Lijing in the sixth year of Chongzhen. Although Yuan Xiucai was hesitant, he also admitted that these fields were given to him free of charge, and after being given to him, they were still rented by Zhao Lijing, which shows that these fields are indeed donated fields.

Now that Xing Guobo has reduced the land of small farmers, Zhao Lijing wants to get back the land he donated to the Yuan family.

It's a tricky one.

The judge looked at Yuan Xiucai, who sat on a chair in the middle of the courtroom and said loudly: "Justice, Zhao Lijing has indeed given me this field at the beginning. I am now the owner of the field. Zhao Lijing now sees Xingguo Bojun Pingtian Fu, and wants to go back to the field, which is a violation of the title deed set in black and white, it is to eat the east and eat the west, and it is the two ends of the first rat. ”

In Li Zhi's courtroom, the plaintiff and the defendant have chairs to sit on, but it is not Yuan Xiu who has the privilege.

The judge felt that Yuan Xiucai had some sense, and looked at Zhao Lijing again.

Zhao Lijing's family of three sat on a chair and cried profusely. Zhao Lijing said loudly: "Justice, I pay a bucket and four liters of land rent to Yuan Xiucai every year, which is not less, which shows how ruthless my family was originally exploited by the officials. If Xingguo knew the misery of my family, he would definitely help a small person like me? Speaking of which, like me, Zhao Lijing, donating my own land to others, isn't it a good idea to be forced to have no food? Who wants to give their land to someone else? What Zhao Lijing did was to survive under the oppression of the government, and he fell into the trap jointly set by Yuan Xiucai and the government officials! ”

"Now that Xingguobo protects small farmers and lightly pays for their small endowments, then I, Zhao Lijing, should also enjoy Xingguobo's new policy like other small people, how can I still pay a high rent to Yuan Xiucai for nothing?"

This Zhao Lijing is not like an ordinary bitter poor person, and he is quite good at talking. The judge listened to his statement and felt that what he said made sense. The original government led the beasts to eat people, how could they blame the small people for investing in the wealthy to evade taxes?

Although Zhao Lijing's case is only a small case of 23 acres of dry land, it is of great importance. You must know that there may be tens of thousands of small farmers in Jinghai County who have invested in the names of large households. Not to mention the whole of Tianjin. And once the verdict of Zhao Lijing's case is announced, the whole of Tianjin may have to take it as a model.

Zhao Lijing's case directly determines the future way out of the small people who have donated land in Tianjin Town.

The judges of the court were all trained by Xing Guobo and knew that such a high-impact lawsuit could not be handed down casually. The judge asked Zhao Lijing and Yuan Xiucai to go back and wait for the verdict to be announced, and he sorted out the materials, wrote down the various circumstances of Zhao Lijing and Yuan Xiucai, and sent them to the Tianjin General Military Mansion for Xing Guobo to adjudicate.

On September 17, the case was sent to Li Zhi.

Li Zhi got up in the morning to deal with the official documents and saw the information sent by the Jinghai County judge. Cui Changwu had already read the materials in advance, shook his head and said, "Uncle, this case is very important, and I want Uncle to rule it personally." ”