Chapter Forty-Six: Lumen Study
Rich and easy to do, the strength of the Ma family has increased rapidly in recent years, coupled with the influence of the "Ma Family Five Constants", it can be regarded as a wealthy family in Jingzhou.
To measure the strength of a family, the main thing is the top talent, followed by the money, sometimes a top talent can support a family.
Money is a good thing, but if the family has too much money and does not have enough ability to keep it, especially in troubled times, it will inevitably be looked down upon by everyone, which is the way to take trouble!
Fortunately, the development momentum of the Ma family is gratifying, and the money comes and goes quickly, just taking in thousands of displaced people, and spending a lot of money.
The Ma family has taken in a lot of homeless people in recent years, and it is still Ma Liang's idea, he is not just a good reputation for being kind and charitable.
In recent years, the Ma family has wanted money and food. But to keep everything in front of them, especially in these troubled times, the family must have its own armed forces.
Moreover, in the past few years, Ma Yan's performance has been remarkable, not only has he not fallen behind in learning, but also is familiar with military books and war strategies, and practiced martial arts diligently.
Ma Tan has nothing to do, and occasionally participates in the training of the family's private soldiers, and the Ma family is protected by an armed protection force, but it is not coveted by others because of its reputation.
Ma Jian came out to study with Ma Liang this time, and he gained a lot, and his personality became much calmer, but the scheming in his chest became deeper and deeper, and even Ma Liang couldn't see through it.
After all, Ma Tan was only fourteen years old, and although he was admitted to Lumen Academy, he was not yet qualified to study alone, so he could only follow his brother Ma Liang to study together.
After returning home, Ma Jian still had a period of rest at home, and after the Spring Festival, he was going to live and study at Lumen Academy, so he was not so idle.
At the beginning of the establishment of the Han Dynasty, education was also inherited from the Qin system, and the sons of the hundred schools set up their own doctors, all of whom belonged to Taichang, with a rank ratio of 600 stones, and the number of dozens of people.
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the imperial court did not respect Confucianism alone, and the scholarship it believed in, in addition to Huang Lao, was the Shenhan legal doctrine, which did not attach importance to Confucianism.
By the time of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Confucianism gradually rose because of the rise of Jia Yi.
In the fifth year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (136 BC), he added doctors of the Five Classics, forming a situation of Confucian dominance.
Subsequently, at the invitation of Gongsun Hong and Dong Zhongshu, Emperor Wu placed 50 disciples for the Doctor of the Five Classics in the fifth year of Yuan Shuo (124 BC) to receive the scriptures for a period of one year.
The source of disciples is mainly selected from the children of the people over the age of 18, and in addition, the low-level officials of various counties and counties can also serve as disciples.
After graduating, the disciples can pass through more than one can make up for the literature, and the highest rank can be appointed as a Lang official, but only for those who are white.
Therefore, the children of the poor family have hope for studying, and the learning atmosphere is good and the enthusiasm for learning is high.
The disciples who were born as local officials were mostly appointed as subordinate officials of Jiuqing, Lieqing, or county taishou.
The gradual expansion of Taixue in the past dynasties, and the increasing development of Confucian education in the Han Dynasty led to the increasing expansion of Confucian political power.
Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty also studied in Beijing in the fifth year of Jianwu, and placed 14 doctors. The number of students continued to increase, and during the time of Emperor Han Qian, there were as many as 30,000 students.
Although there was no imperial examination in the Han Dynasty, the inspection system was the main way to select talents in the Han Dynasty, which can be divided into two categories:
The first is the edict, when the country has special needs, the edict orders officials to recommend talents.
The second is the act of filial piety, which is to sponsor local talents to the central government on time. Recommendation is the main thing, supplemented by examination, which is the basic feature of the two Han inspection system.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the edict was changed from a special examination to an annual examination, also known as the act of Maocai, which already had some taste of the imperial examination.
There are four criteria for election: high morality, good practice, knowledge of the law, and fortitude.
Every year, it is elected by the officials in charge of Guangluxun, Yushi, Sili Lieutenant and the history of each state.
As a result of the implementation of the methods of recommendation and inspection, the development of the gate valve system was accelerated, and by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it had reached an extreme.
The emergence of a large number of scholar families, together with relatives and eunuchs, formed the three major forces in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which basically monopolized the country's politics.
Those poor scholars basically have no future, even if they are full of wealth, it is difficult to be recommended as officials, and they can only serve as the staff of the officials of the noble family.
In addition, the phenomenon of land annexation is becoming more and more serious, and the people are struggling to make a living.
In ancient society, the people at the bottom were all looking forward to religious beliefs, and Zhang Jiao took this opportunity to use religion to accept a large number of believers, launched the Yellow Turban Uprising, and accelerated the decline of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In the Han Dynasty, the training objectives and educational content of Taixue were mainly for the service of imperial politics, and moral education was in the first place.
School education in the Han Dynasty was divided into two types: official and private. In the Han Dynasty, there were two major categories of official studies: central official studies and local official studies.
The central government schools are mainly Taixue, and there are also some schools of special nature.
The so-called local government school is a county school. At that time, the local schools were divided into four levels: the county was the school, the county, the province, the yi, and the hou were the schools, the township was the zhen, and the gathering was the order. The school and school are roughly equivalent to the secondary education of later generations, and the order is similar to the primary school.
In the later period of the Han Dynasty, private learning was more developed than official learning. This is because the scholars of the poor family can no longer be recommended as officials through formal learning paths, even if they serve as staff members of the scholars, they can only enter after being mentioned by famous teachers.
There are some scholars and Confucians, who are self-reliant and self-reliant, and open classes to accept apprentices. The teaching forms of private learning are mainly divided into two situations: "teaching with the door" and "recording disciples".
The so-called "and door teaching" mainly refers to the students come to the door to receive employment, directly listen to the teacher's teaching, Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong, etc., in Lumen Academy, all belong to the "and door teaching".
The so-called "bibliographic disciples" mainly refer to the students who record their names under the Gaoshi Sect instead of going to the door to receive employment, which is similar to the modern popular academic education, and Gongsun Zhan studied under Lu Zhi, which belongs to the list of "bibliographic disciples".
Ma Tan was admitted to Lumen Academy, which was a serious "teaching method", and he had to live in Lumen Academy and study for a whole year before he could return home to continue his studies.
In ancient times, there was a saying that "one day is a teacher, and a lifetime is a father", after a year, although the students of Lumen Academy have to leave the academy, mainly because of the lack of accommodation, the students still need to come regularly, hand in their own articles and strategies, ask the teacher for guidance, and also listen to lectures and ask for benefits.
For teenagers under the age of fifteen, their parents naturally did not worry about going out to study alone, but fortunately, there was another brother Ma Liang, who was stationed in Xiangyang to study, and he accompanied him to the academy and arranged accommodation.
Lumen Academy is divided into two courtyards, the east wall and the west garden, and there are only more than 30 rooms. Between the hall and the attic, the pond is built and the mountain is planted, and the environment is very beautiful.
Lumen Academy's "Parallel Teaching" is very difficult, and there are only more than ten students enrolled every year, but there are still a lot of "bibliographic disciples".
The children of some big families in Jingzhou are not able to meet the standards for entering Lumen Academy, but as long as they pay a certain fee, they can become the bibliographic disciples of the academy.