The year 258 AD passed. In this year, Shu Han changed the yuan. The era name that has been used for 20 years is discontinued, and a new era name is used: Jingyao. Therefore, this year, in Shuhan, is the first year of Jingyao.

On New Year's Day of this year, in a closed room in the mountains behind the Taishou Mansion in Fuling County, there was no New Year's laughter and no peaceful and harmonious atmosphere. On the contrary, there is just a burst of slaughter.

"I said one last time, if you don't leave now, you won't be able to get off the boat after seeing what I've done. It's still too late to go. "In the closed room here, Guan Suo, Liao Yong. Ma Guo's three people's faces were very serious, and the four people at the bottom, including Zhang Zun, Zhao Yi, Simple, and Sun Gang, were panicked.

After a while, Zhang Zun roared in a low voice: "Brother, although our brothers used to move around less when they were on CD. But in Fuling County, these few months are really like-minded. I believe that my brother will not harm us. Brother is not leaving here! ”

"Exactly, I can't wait."

Now Guan Yi's thinking has undergone certain changes, and his bond with this era is getting deeper and deeper, and he is more and more involved. Many times, many things have been left untouched by himself. He was no longer satisfied with the unambitious goal of finding a place to take refuge, he wanted to do something!

To do things, you have to have your own team. Not the kind of official team in broad daylight, but a team with him at its core. In this team, the emperor has to go to the back. Because, as a traverser, Guan Yi knows how difficult and shocking what he will do in the future.

In their own staff group, Li Mi and Chen Shou were eliminated first. Li Mi is too square, and Chen Shou's identity is too complicated - a student of the leader of the surrender faction, Qian Zhou, and the secretary of Jiang Wei, the leader of the main battle faction.

Among the rest, Liao Yong, as the representative of Liao Hua, must be stopped. Guan Suo, as his own elder, naturally doesn't need to say it. And Ma Guo, an outstanding talent with very good government affairs ability and power planning level, cannot be let go no matter what. So these three people, Guan Yi took the initiative to invite.

As for Zhang Zun, Zhao Yi, Simple, and Sun Gang, the four sons: everyone is a descendant of Yuancong, and their positions are the same. In the past few months, we have worked together and we have had a great time. It belongs to the object that can be fought for. However, Guan Yi still gave them a chance: what I want to do next must not be passed on, you don't see it, forget it, if you do, it will be leaked later. No matter how hard it is, I'm going to kill you. So, you decide for yelves, do you want to stay here or not?

The definition of what cannot be passed on is that it is known only to a few of us who are present. Even their parents, families, and even the emperor can't say, can you do it?

It was this kind of overly formal and heavy request that made the four sons feel very sudden. But after careful consideration, they all decided to stay.

"The fact that you can stay shows your trust in Guan. Guan Mou thanked me here first. Seeing that the four sons were willing to stay, Guan Yi was also relieved, he didn't want to make himself a loner.

"Little Key, come in." With Guan Yi's call, his other companion, Guan Xiaoji, who had grown up together, walked in.

"Look, I'll only demonstrate once, and I'll give you all this piece in the future."

What Guan Yi has to do now is to make soap, wax and glycerin from lard.

In the first step, the lard is boiled into a liquid form in a large cauldron.

In the second step, fill a ceramic urn with a particularly large opening with water and pour quicklime. Once the lime paste is formed, baking soda is poured into the lime slurry.

Almost all the mountains in Fuling County are made of limestone, and quicklime and baking soda are almost unlimited resources. Therefore, these two things are not limited to the shape of Guan Yi. If it weren't for the fact that the lard had only been stored until now, he would have been ready to use his soap brain.

The main ingredient of baking soda is sodium bicarbonate, and the main ingredient of quicklime is calcium hydroxide. When the two react, the resulting substances are calcium carbonate precipitates and sodium hydroxide solutions.

This precipitate calcium carbonate is light calcium carbonate. It is different from ordinary calcium carbonate, which will form various stones after entering the human body. Light calcium carbonate is widely used in modern society, and in this era, Guan Yi has arranged a good use for them: first, calcium for the elderly to improve osteoporosis - well, in fact, not only the elderly. Due to nutritional deficiencies, the strength of bone calcification in people of this age is much lower than that of modern people, which is something that can be widely used. The second is the adjuvant treatment of various peptic ulcers. Third, after the large-scale market of toothbrushes produced with pig bristles in the future, the main ingredients for whitening teeth in the toothpaste produced by supporting the production.

However, while this light calcium carbonate has so many uses, it is much less valuable than the layer of liquid that floats on the surface.

This layer of liquid is a sodium hydroxide solution. The most basic raw material in the chemical industry: caustic soda in three acids and two alkalis.

"Xiaoji, look carefully. This layer of serum can only be accessed with a ceramic bowl or spoon. Hands are untouchable. Once touched, the arm will be burned through. ”

In the third step, the sodium hydroxide solution in the ceramic bowl is poured into the lard, which has been heated and has formed a liquid state.

Guan Yi asked Guan Xiaoji to come up and slowly stir in the pot to let the two mix thoroughly. And I started the next process.

The fourth step is to mash the prepared brine cubes with water and stir well.

A brine is a lump formed after the evaporation of salt brine. In the five counties of Shuhan, each county has salt farms of different sizes. The Shu Han government has salt and iron officials in all five counties of Ba. Therefore, the supply of halogen blocks is almost unlimited for Guan Yi.

At this point, the saponification reaction in the oil pan is almost over. In liquid lard, the top layer of oily yellow soap has begun to solidify.

"Get this mushy stuff out of here."

In the fifth step, the soap, which has not yet fully solidified, is placed in another large wooden barrel and thoroughly stirred with various accessories such as rouge powder prepared in advance. It is then loaded into various molds, and after it has cooled and hardened sufficiently, the first soap is ready.

In fact, once that mushy mass cools and hardens, it is already soap. But such a soap has a strong smell of lard - I guess no one likes to use such soap. Therefore, all kinds of auxiliary materials must be added - while removing the taste, it also reduces the production cost.

In the sixth step, the brine formed by the brine is thoroughly mashed and stirred, and added to the cauldron where the lard is boiled.

From this step onwards, it's not about making soap.

The active ingredient in the halogen block is magnesium chloride, and hydrochloric acid can be obtained after sufficient reaction with water. Among the three acids and two alkalis, the two bases are relatively easy to obtain, and the three acids are more troublesome to make. Although the effect of making hydrochloric acid from halogen is very low, it is indeed the simplest, cheapest and safest method in this era.

When lard reacts with caustic soda, it gives soap. The remaining lard that did not react fully with the caustic soda continued to react with hydrochloric acid, and the resulting thing was wax!

During the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, when lighting was done at night, the poor generally used torches. Only the rich will light the lamp, and the main fuel in the lamp is butter or other animal fat, or sesame oil. There was also wax in this era, but it was generally naturally formed, such as beeswax – which was too strong in smoke and smell. The higher end is cow wax. The top is whale wax, which cannot be used for a long time by ordinary people, even the royal family.

Therefore, the sunrise and sunset are not just words, in the era of the lack of cheap lighting tools, the ancients were generally confined to their homes at night. Even if you are nested at home, it is quite troublesome to wake up all night or something.

The candle made by Guan Yi is a very pure oil wax, which is made of shafts and cotton threads as cores, with bright fire, smoke and smell. In the foreseeable future, it will illuminate the families of many big men.

Step 7: Filter the last liquid in the cauldron that has not solidified with gauze, cotton cloth and other filtration tools layer by layer until the liquid that flows out is no longer turbid water with a yellow color and a fishy smell. It's when it's a colorless and odorless liquid – glycerin in hand!

The Wuling Mountains are full of all kinds of trees, among which there are many wild fruit trees. In summer and autumn, only a few wild fruits enter the mouths of humans or wild animals, and most of them are ripe and fall to the ground and rot.

There are three reasons for this: the limited range of human activities, the poor taste of wild fruits, and the fact that wild fruits cannot replace staple foods to truly fill the stomach.

In modern society, many families make their own wine at the turn of spring and summer. The production method is also very simple, a layer of grapes, a layer of sugar, and a layer of grapes...... Layer by layer. It is then fermented naturally to form a fruit wine.

And in this era, there is no white sugar or anything. After the natural fermentation of wild fruits, if they are not suppressed by large amounts of sugar, the tannins in wild fruits will become popular: tannins are extremely bitter.

Glycerin, on the other hand, is the best choice to remove the tannins and restore the sweet taste of the fruit wine.