"Since everyone is already here, I won't say anything about the extra opening remarks!" Li Ru stood up and presided over it. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

For Jia Xu, although he chose to go out, he still couldn't do such an obvious thing to show up, and it was not that he was not qualified enough, but he was congenitally unwilling to take this route.

Li Ru has no worries about this at all, you must know that this guy later went to kill Liu Wei's ruthless person with his own hands, and this little thing is nothing at all.

"Indeed! Don't say much about the analysis of friend and foe, since everyone can sit here, these things must have been thought out clearly! Cao Cao didn't arrange any representatives, and said by himself: "We only need to share information about the defense of the Yellow Turban Camp here, and agree on a time to raid the Yellow Turban Army. ”

Bao Hong nodded secretly, and the think tank also explained that it was impossible to arrange for everyone to go to the raid together in this kind of thing, it must be their own preparations and mutual cooperation.

On the other hand, everyone is well aware of the situation of the Yellow Turban Peasant Rebel Army, and it is very clear that it must be scattered and disorganized.

Even if famous generals such as Yingbu came to command the troops, it would be difficult to change the nature of the peasant army in a short period of time.

That is the issue of reconnaissance and counter-reconnaissance, infiltration and counter-infiltration, secrecy and intelligence.

From ancient times to the present, intelligence has always played a key role in the victory or defeat of wars. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the famous military thinker Sun Wu proposed that "knowing oneself and knowing one's opponent will not be defeated in a hundred battles; Knowing the heavens and knowing the earth is not exhaustive".

The "knowledge" mentioned here means to fully obtain information and scientifically study and judge it. Sun Tzu not only regarded "knowledge" as the basic basis for strategic decision-making and military action, but also scientifically revealed the law of war that "knowing oneself and knowing one's opponent is the ultimate victory," focusing on the dialectical relationship between "knowledge" and "victory," and pointed out that intelligence is an important factor in determining victory in war. In order to solve the problem of "knowledge," people in ancient China began to try to apply various technologies to intelligence activities very early, and it can be said that the history of the development of China's ancient war technology is also the history of the development and evolution of military intelligence technology.

Intelligence warfare refers to the struggle around the acquisition and use of intelligence. Also known as intelligence operations. Information warfare in a narrow sense refers to all kinds of confrontational activities carried out by the enemy and us in order to obtain information from the other side and to defend against the intelligence collected by the other side. In a broad sense, intelligence warfare refers to the confrontation between the enemy and us in order to ultimately achieve victory in the military struggle and protect the cases and interests of the two sides, with the struggle for information control as the center. Gaining superiority in intelligence is an important guarantee for victory in military struggles.

Intelligence warfare has long been born with the creation of war. Although from ancient times to the present, there are various names for the intelligence personnel sent, including spies, agents, scouts, detectives, meticulous work, horse scouts, scouts, spies, etc., but their purpose is the same, their task is to spy on the other side's intelligence, so as to know the other side and the enemy's feelings, so as to grasp the dominance of the war, and finally win the war.

Intelligence warfare has a long history. The earliest intelligence activities in the history of our country are recorded in the book "Zuo Chuan", which tells the story of Xia Wangqi's great-grandson named Shaokang, who once sent his cronies Nu Ai to the opponent to engage in espionage activities, spy on the opponent's inside situation, and then led the army to eliminate the forces of the water, and then hit the national capital Xiayi, restoring the throne and the rule of the Xia Dynasty. History calls this event "Shaokang Zhongxing". A large number of stories in this regard are also recorded in ancient novels in China: in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Jiang Gan stole books, and Zhou Yu, the governor of Wu State, used false information to induce Cao Cao to kill Cai Mao, a general who knew how to fight water. In the battle of Sanda Zhujiazhuang in "Water Margin", there is also a story of desperate San Lang Shixiu disguised as a woodcutter to scout the terrain and roads of Zhujiazhuang.

In order to obtain information, both sides can be said to do everything they can.

In a war, whoever masters more advanced military intelligence technology will be able to grasp the initiative on the battlefield and win the war.

Let's just say that when the two armies face each other, both sides naturally want to see the layout of each other's entire position, but it is very difficult in the absence of telescopes, and the only way is to make their own observation position high, so that they can climb high and look far.

The nest car is a kind of lookout car specially used to observe the enemy's situation, the bottom of the car is equipped with wheels, which can be pushed, two long pillars are erected on the car with solid wood, the top of the pillar is set up with a roller shaft, a small board house is tied to the wheel with a rope, the board house is 9 feet high, 4 feet square, there are 12 lookout holes on all sides, and the outside is covered with raw cowhide, so as to prevent the enemy from destroying the arrows. The house can accommodate two people, and it can be raised several feet by roller cart, so that you can observe the enemy soldiers in the city during the siege. During the Battle of Yanling in 575 B.C., the king of Chu, accompanied by Dazai Bozhou Plough, personally boarded the nest car to inspect the enemy's situation. When Wang Mang's army besieged Kunyang in 23 years, a large nest car with a height of more than 10 zhang was built to observe the dynamics of the defenders in the city, which was called a cloud car.

In the Song Dynasty, there was a kind of "watchtower car" that fixed the watchtower on a high pole. This kind of car is made of solid wood, 8 zhang high, the top is placed in a plate layer, 5 feet wide, the content is included in the white flag to watch the enemy's movements, and the soldiers below are informed of the enemy's situation with simple flag language. Roll up the flag to indicate that there is no enemy, and open the flag to indicate that the enemy is coming; If the flagpole is stretched horizontally, the enemy is close, and if the flagpole is vertical, the enemy will reach; The enemy retreats and slowly raises the flagpole, and the enemy has retreated and rolls up the flag. Watchtower car, there are wheels at the bottom of the car that can be pushed back and forth; There are pedglings on the poles for the sentries to climb up and down; The side of the vertical rod is fixed with a thick rope diagonally; The watchtower itself is equipped with a rotating shaft, which can be rotated on all sides for observation. This watchtower car is taller than the nest car and has a wide field of view. Later, with the continuous improvement of observation equipment, a fixed watchtower was installed to observe the enemy's situation.

In other words, the cloud car is not an offensive weapon such as a siege vehicle or a rushing car, but a tool for the lookout function.

Increasing the level of space is one way, and the other method is also familiar to everyone, and there are often such questions in physics classes to test the speed of sound propagation in solids is much faster than in air, that is, listening to urns.

When the well is being built, an urn with a thin skin sealed mouth is placed in the well, and you can hear the sound coming from far away from the ground, which is called "urn listening". This device is mainly used to prevent the enemy from digging tunnels during sieges.

The listening urn is actually a kind of jar with a small mouth and a large belly. When in use, bury the urn in the ground, cover the mouth of the urn with a thin layer of leather, and when there is a need to detect, lie on it with your ears on it, and "listen" to the surrounding movements. If necessary, professional intelligence personnel are directly asked to sit in the urn and listen to the sound, which is called "poppy listening". In order to reduce intelligence errors, blind men are often trained to carry out "listening" missions. The blind can't see enough, but their hearing is often super strong, and it is said that the movement within a radius of dozens of miles can be heard through the listening urn.

The invention of the listening urn dates back to about 2,500 years ago, and there is a detailed explanation of the manufacturing and use of the listening urn in "Mozi Beixue". In the process of later use, the listening urn has been continuously improved, and it has become the most effective eavesdropping tool before the advent of modern eavesdropping. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, a gourd-shaped pillow-shaped eavesdropping device appeared, and the eavesdropping device was placed under the head when resting, and it could be detected when there was movement outside; By the time of the Song Dynasty, the bugging device had become quite practical, and the multi-functional eavesdropper, "Yafu", became the first choice. A bow suit is a vessel for holding arrows (arrows), made of cowhide. At that time, scouts would be equipped with this kind of tool, and when they needed to eavesdrop, they would take out arrows, blow their breath, and sleep under their heads at night, so that the sound of people and horses could be heard within a few miles. Yafu was invented by using the principle of the cavity to receive sound. In addition, the commonly used eavesdropping devices also have "listening tubes", and "the wall has ears" came from this.

In addition, it is inevitable to have a variety of cipherwriting techniques, not to mention this in Bao Hong's opinion, chemical knowledge is only, alum water writing!

Cryptography is a special ink borrowed to achieve the purpose of writing that is not visible. This special ink is not high-tech, although most people do not know, but the source is very convenient, in fact, it is a common alum water in people's lives. The words written in alum water are not visible on the paper at all after drying, but if they are immersed in water, the handwriting will appear suddenly.

There are many records of secret cases in Chinese history books. According to the record of "Jin Shi Xuanzong Benji", in the fourth year of Jin Xuanzong's Zhenyou (1216 AD), Wuguli sent spies to Beijing with a secret letter written in alum water to Beijing to report urgency and ask for reinforcements.

The "Alum Book Case" in the Kangxi period was led by the deposed prince Yinren using the espionage method of secret writing. In the spring of the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (1715 AD), Kangxi personally conquered Dzungaria, and Yinren, who got the news, decided to use this opportunity to lift the ban. He used a lot of money to buy off He Mengfu, a doctor who often sees his wife (Fujin), and asked He to bring a secret letter written in alum water and sneak outside the palace. Who would have thought that this matter would be detected by Abran, the Auxiliary Prince, that the alum book had been intercepted, and that the plan to restore the status of the crown prince had failed.

In addition, in addition to alum water, the ancient Chinese also used edible rice soup to write secret documents.

As for the black technology drone - paper kite......

Paper kite was invented in the early Han Dynasty BC, more than 2,000 years ago, the inventor is one of the founding heroes of the Western Han Dynasty, Huaiyin Marquis Han Xin. Han Xin is a military strategist, how did he come up with the idea of inventing the paper kite? It turned out that at that time, the liehou Chen Feng made the rebellion of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and Han Xin colluded with Chen Feng to make a paper kite as a signal for the combination of the inside and the outside, which is also the earliest example of using the paper kite to transmit information.

Paper kites can be made by ordinary people and are easy to control, so once invented, they have been widely used in military and espionage activities. Paper kites can fly high, even if they are discovered by the enemy, they can't do anything, and at that time there were no anti-aircraft guns, missiles or anything, and bows and arrows could not be shot down at all. During the Tang Dynasty, Wei Bojie made Tian Yue rebel and besiege Linyu City. The guard general Zhang Ling then put paper kites and got in touch with the imperial reinforcements. Tian Yue also found the paper kite floating over the barracks at that time, and knew that it was the city that transmitted military information, so he hurriedly found a "good shooter", but he couldn't shoot it down at all, and the paper kite flew "more than 100 feet high".

During the Song and Song dynasties in China, wars were frequent, and spies were favored, which can be said to be an era of frequent spy wars. As the political, economic and cultural center of the Song Dynasty, the capital was the closest place to the central head, and thus became a gathering place for spies from all over the world.

The people of the time once sighed, at the feet of the Son of Heaven, where would there be no foreign spies? Wang Cun, an official, also expressed his worries, saying: The Liao people know very much about the affairs of our court and China!

For this reason, the government has issued many edicts to openly recruit capable people inside and outside the capital to arrest spies, and a reward of 300,000 yuan for catching a person can also obtain a certain amount of fame. And those who do not report or cover up the spy will not only be beheaded by the parents, but also the wife will be exiled. It can be seen that espionage became a headache for the government at that time, so it had to invest a lot of money to crack down.

Of course, the Song Dynasty was not blindly defensive, it was also actively forming its own spy and counter-espionage teams, and forming a complete system.

As for the perverted things such as cipher electricity that Bao Hong is most concerned about, it appeared relatively late. In fact, the theory is just like that, the key is that no one thought of it.

Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese general and military strategist, invented the "reverse cut code" as a cipher code. He specially compiled two poems as a "code book". Take the initials of the first 15 words in the previous song and number them 1-15 in turn; Take the last 36-character vowel, numbered 1-36 in sequence. Then the eight tones of the words at that time were also numbered 1-8 in order to form a complete "reverse cut code" system.

The method of use is roughly as follows: if there is a string of 5-25-2 on the password on the information sent back, the initial number 5 is the word "low", the vowel number 25 is the word "west", the initials and finals of the two words are combined together is di, and the control tone is 2, you can cut the word "enemy".

Of course, these are secretive transmissions, and there are all kinds of blatant information transmission gadgets.

The most famous is naturally the Beacon.

Fengsui is also called beacon tower, beacon tower, chimney pier, and fireworks tower. If there is an enemy situation, lighting smoke during the day and setting fire at night is the fastest and most effective way to transmit military information in ancient times.

Fengsui is an ancient alarm system, which coexists with the Great Wall to form a complete military defense system. However, there are also independent ones that play the role of early warning and defense, and the beacon tower in Xinjiang is the best example. Xinjiang's beacons spread all over the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains, and they are consistent with the middle and northern routes of the Silk Road, playing an important role in protecting the smooth flow of the Silk Road.

The Great Wall is a great invention of the Chinese and has been proud of it for many generations. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the vassal states of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, and Qin began to build the Great Wall. Qin Shi Huang connected the original Yan, Zhao, Qin north pass fortress, "extended more than 10,000 miles", barrier China, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty operated Hexi, "built the city barrier pavilion", guarded silk traffic. After that, the construction and repair work has been carried out for generations. By the Ming Dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall in Hexi reached its peak. Otherwise, how could there be such a place of interest as Jiayuguan. Building the Great Wall is a manifestation of national strength, and if you have a family background, you have to build it for fear of being caught by thieves. It's not that you can repair it if you want to, it requires silver taels and manpower to build. "Steep walls and deep trenches, beacons and trenches are connected", and the most complete early defense system has been built. Nowadays, as long as there is a family in the world, the new Great Wall is being built. (To be continued.) )