Chapter 181: Consider the propeller

Li Yunhe doubted that Zhang Zhimu could use these graphite powder to make a carbon arc lamp like the sun, but Zhang Zhimu did not explain, saying: "You will know when the time comes." Now I'm telling you that you don't understand either. ”

When Li Yunhe was leaving, he said: "I heard my lady say that there are many people who get smallpox in Beijing, and now there are more and more people, so we must pay attention to the people from Beijing, if they are infected, it will be terrible." ”

Li Yunhe's words shocked Zhang Zhimu's heart. Zhang Zhimu knew that he was not afraid of smallpox, because he had been planted with cowpox when he was a child, and this thing was immune for life. But if you don't have pox, the mortality rate is very high, and if you don't die, you will also have disabilities such as numb faces.

Thinking of this, Zhang Zhimu came directly to Zhang Bingchen's health center, but Zhang Zhimu, who came to the health center, had to come back first, because Zhang Bingchen was giving a class to a group of people, and the people who listened to the lecture here included the medical soldiers sent by Liu Yun and a group of male and female nurses recruited by Zhang Bingchen.

On the way, Zhang Zhimu suddenly thought that among the students recruited this time, a medical class should be added. The current level of medicine is really poor. Although I have crossed over, I really know too little about medical things. There is no way, in the future, I would rather spend a lot of money and invite famous doctors to give lectures. However, the doctors of this era are reluctant to say anything if they have a little trick in their hands, that is the cost of other people's food, and they don't blame others. But in this world, what he is going to exchange for silver will definitely be able to be bought for silver, it just depends on how much silver it costs.

Leaving the health center, Zhang Zhimu came to Li Di's motor assembly workshop again. But only the smelter was left in the workshop, leading a group of people to make wires. It turned out that Li Di took another group of people to the power plant to install and debug equipment.

Yang Chang saw Zhang Zhimu coming, and hurriedly took off his mask and walked over to Zhang Zhimu. Zhang Zhimu asked: "Are you wrapping wires?" ”

Yang Chang said: "Yes." Last time you said that our telegraph lines should be exposed to the wind and rain in the open air, and they should be well insulated and protected. We've come up with this idea, you see. ”

Zhang Zhimu walked to their wire processing equipment and felt that these people were really smart. The whole copper wire has been divided into five strands and stirred together, coated with a layer of tung oil, and then densely wrapped with several strands of cotton thread, and then coated with a layer of tung oil, and then wrapped around with cotton strips. The most important thing is that they use a disc with holes with several cotton threads to let the wires pass through the holes of the disc, and when the wires pass, the disc rotates several strands of wire at the same time and is torn off from the wire wheels and constantly wrapped around the wires, which is exactly the same as the method of wire processing equipment that Zhang Zhimu saw in his previous life. Although they don't understand the concept of the assembly line, they do several steps in a row.

Zhang Zhimu said to Yang Chang: "I am very happy to see that you can use your brains to think of a way. In the future, if you want to change this method to a fully automatic mechanical one, then our wire production will be faster, and I will need a lot of wires in the future. ”

Yang Chang said: "To be honest, Mr. Zhang. We don't care about the wires we will produce in the future. We were in a hurry to get the telegram to Lingshui Pier as soon as possible. But not to mention the slow winding of the wires with your hands, there are still places that are covered, and some places that can't be covered. In a hurry, we all figured out a way together, but fortunately, they were all engaged in machinery in the workshop, so we came up with a way together. We made such a device, not all at once, but also full of changes to become what it is now. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I think it's better to paint your wires on the outside, so it's better." ”

Yang Chang pointed to the cold wires everywhere and said, "You must wait for them to dry before painting, otherwise it will be even more difficult to dry inside." Outside the wires, we are going to paint them black, and then wrap the wires around them with that kind of big wheel, and at the current speed, the wires to Lingshui Pier can be completed in a month. ”

When Zhang Zhimu saw Yang Chang speak, his eyes flashed with excitement.

After watching Yang Chang and them processing wires, this further improved Zhang Zhimu's confidence in these skilled craftsmen. Zhang Zhimu decided to go directly to Li Yunhe and asked him to hand over the propeller maker to him earlier, and Zhang Zhimu wanted to hand over the task of making propellers to them.

Hearing that Zhang Zhimu was going to make a propeller, Li Yunhe said: "I have already arranged for you the person you want, seeing that you have been busy, I thought you couldn't take care of it?" These people are more anxious than me, and they're waiting to follow you to get something new. ”

Li Yunhe arranged a total of five technicians for Zhang Zhimu, and these five people listened to all the courses taught by Zhang Zhimu, which made Zhang Zhimu more aware of it.

In fact, Zhang Zhimu has never done this thing about propellers, but there was a good opportunity for him to come into contact with these things.

At that time, the entire military industry was not very good, and in order to engage in tertiary production and to develop an electronic product for the ship, he and his colleagues in the unit went to a shipbuilding repair yard, and happened to see a steamer docked for overhaul, and he had the opportunity to personally see and touch the large propeller that was taller than himself with his hands. This opened the eyes of Zhang Zhimu, who has been full of mystery about ships since he was a child. At dinner in the evening, he sat with the engineer who sat with him at the ship repair yard, which benefited Zhang Zhimu a lot.

The first question Zhang Zhimu asked the project was, why the propeller of the ship did not leak, which was also a question he had been thinking about for a long time. The engineer's answer surprised Zhang Zhimu: "Water leakage." Generally, small boats have a sealed cabin, and a little leakage of water will have little impact in the cabin. The earliest transmission shaft seal is by the extrusion of wood and shaft, in the past, there was a shaft sleeve made of iron pear wood, which has good hardness and wear-resistant, and expands when exposed to water, so that the shaft and the shaft sleeve are closely combined. Despite this, there was still a bit of a water leak. However, such a little water will not have much impact, and it can leak into the sealed cabin and blow it out. Now there are also sealed cabins pressurized, so the effect is even better. However, now large ships are sealed with hydraulic compartments, and a pressure sensor is installed near the propeller outside the ship to detect the water depth, and then the pressure of the sealed oil tank is adjusted to balance the oil pressure of the shaft and the water pressure outside the shaft. ”

Zhang Zhimu asked at the time: "There are very few iron pear wood now, what to replace it?" ”

At that time, the engineer saw that Zhang Zhimu was so interested in the ship, and joked: "I see that you are very studious and interested in the ship, so it is better to transfer to our factory." He then introduced that asbestos and carbon are now used as shaft sealing materials, and the latest is carbon fiber and expanded graphite. Because these materials and steels have a small coefficient of friction, they are elastic and have better sealing.

Zhang Zhimu knew about the expansion of graphite, because he had used it in the project of his unit.

However, what made Zhang Zhimu, a student who had just graduated, very uncomfortable that the slightly better equipment on the ship was imported. On this matter, the engineer said: "There is no way, maritime safety is a big matter, and no one dares to be vague about it." Imported equipment is safety, and there is no way to do it. ”

Zhang Zhimu suddenly remembered the big propeller and asked, "Is the propeller also imported?" ”

At this time, the engineer proudly said for the first time: "The propeller is our own, and the Guan Gong knife-shaped propeller made by us Chinese is the most efficient." Don't you see that every blade looks like a Guan Gong big knife? ”

Zhang Zhimu just watched the excitement and said: "We laymen just watch the excitement." ”

The engineer opened the conversation and talked about propellers to those who were interested in boats, "You all studied geometry in school, didn't you?" Did you notice that those blades are spiral surfaces? To put it simply, the propeller can also be regarded as the wing of an airplane, according to Bernoulli's law, it should be that the speed is high and the pressure is small, so there will be a pressure difference between the blades of the propeller, and this pressure difference can propel the ship forward. ”

Zhang Zhimu asked puzzled at the time: "Now the complex surface of the propeller can be processed by numerical control, so what method was used to make it before?" ”

The engineer said, "If you want to say that this propeller is complicated, it's really complicated, and I don't know how many people have been working on this thing all the time." However, more than 100 years ago, people used the simple method of casting propellers. You all know that the spiral has a pitch and the propeller also has a pitch. If you think about a cylinder formed by a helix, if we unfold a circle of spirals on a plane, does this line and the vertical horizontal line form a right triangle? Conversely, we make a right-angled triangle, surround a cylinder, and draw a face along the spiral line with a line from the vertical axis of the cylinder, and this face is a spiral surface. In the past, we used this method, with the pitch of the right triangle as the height of the right angle, the width of the blade as the length of the bottom edge, with the steel plate to make a right triangle, and then enclose an arc to make the angle gauge according to the need to make the template surface of the blade. ”

Zhang Zhimu asked again: "The quilt surface of that leaf is convex, how should I get it?" ”

The engineer said, "It seems that you really used your brain, and if I don't explain it to you today, I'm afraid you won't be able to sleep well at night." Then he added, "But what you said is that the bulge in the direction of the bow is called the suction surface, and the one in the direction of the stern is called the pressure surface." What I told you above is to make a constant pitch surface, which is the pressure surface of the blade, and we will use a constant pitch surface as soon as we move it. The bulging suction surface, which we call a radial variable pitch surface, is a pitch surface formed with different pitch radii. When we make sand molds, we can use one template for the same pitch surface, and use multiple templates for the variable pitch surface. ”

These are all the knowledge that Zhang Zhimu has about marine propellers, and it is impossible to design propellers theoretically with this knowledge. However, Zhang Zhimu is also thinking that what our predecessors can study on the basis of nothing, we have a direction, so we should make it.

Zhang Zhimu said to a few people, before starting our work, I want to make up for the course, there are some knowledge that you can't carry out the later work if you don't master it. When these people heard that Zhang Zhimu was going to give them a lecture, they were very happy, because they knew that they were honored to hear new knowledge. Get your notebooks ready and ready to start taking notes. Zhang Zhimu first drew a cylindrical shape on the blackboard, and then said: "Everyone has seen the spring in our musket, and that spring is the spiral. The whole spiral finally forms a cylindrical shape, which is the cylindrical shape we draw. ”

The following people took notes very carefully, and they were afraid of missing a little bit of what Zhang Zhimu said. This reminded Zhang Zhimu of how good the learning conditions were in his previous life, and there were ready-made textbooks and reference books for everything he wanted to learn, and he could easily check it on the Internet.

Zhang Zhimu told them what is the concept of pitch, spiral surface, equidistant spiral surface, radial variable pitch and other concepts, and also told them the mathematical expressions of spirals in the coordinate system.

Zhang Zhimu asked them to go back and digest the lesson they taught today, and told them that they would be given work tasks tomorrow. Because Zhang Zhimu himself also has to spend the evening time thinking carefully and writing a detailed task book.

As soon as these people left, Xiaoqing and Xiaohu came in. Zhang Zhimu hasn't spoken yet. Xiaohu said, "I'm going to play with the electric bell." ”

Zhang Zhimu hurriedly said, "Okay." I'll put the bell on for you. It turned out that Zhang Zhimu left an electric bell to press one for Yang Yulin and their room, so that Zhang Zhimu could call them if he had something, and he could just press the electric bell. But Yang Yulin and the two young ladies were resolutely opposed, they said that there was that thing, I don't know when it sounded, which made people worry all day long, no way, Zhang Zhimu had to cancel, which made Xiaohu happy, and it was okay for this little guy to come and play with the electric bell. However, the first application of this thing is still on several watchtowers in the kiln. These watchtowers are connected to the general duty room with an electric bell, if the watchtower finds a situation, as long as the electric bell is pressed, the general duty room will know where the accident is, and can deal with it immediately. Zhang Zhimu thought that this was definitely the first case of the Ming Dynasty applying electricity to practical use. In fact, this is also the simplest telegram, and people have begun to accept the benefits of electricity.

Xiaoqing watched Zhang Zhimu connect the electric bell to Xiaohu and asked Zhang Zhimu: "Uncle, will we also learn to install the electric bell in the future?" ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Of course, you have to learn. But you'll learn more in the future, more than that. At this point, don't you see that Xiaohu can get it himself? ”

Xiaoqing also smiled and said, "I think Xiaohu has to do it himself." If you don't stop him, you'll get it yourself. ”

"I'm afraid of electric him, I'll let him do it himself later." Zhang Zhimu took it and said, "Don't talk about Xiaohu, why are you so idle today?" ”

Xiaoqing said: "Oh, I'm busy today." After finishing the homework, I helped Song Jiaxin and the candidates who registered for the registration, and went to visit the new classmates in Yuncheng. Also help them prepare for the course. ”

Zhang Zhimu saw that Xiaoqing liked these transactional things very much, and thought it would be good to let her exercise, and said: "As long as you don't delay your studies, it's good to participate in more extracurricular activities." Just don't get too tired. ”

Xiaoqing said: "It's okay, I'm happy to do these things." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Okay. This is called giving people roses with a lingering fragrance. ”

Xiaoqing watched Xiaohu play with the electric bell, and asked a question, which made Zhang Zhimu very happy, Xiaoqing asked: "Uncle, you said that the garlic seedlings in my room are so good-looking, can we eat them as dishes if we have a little more in the future?" ”

Greenhouse vegetables in the previous life is an indispensable thing for northerners, this child now thinks of it, it is also amazing, thinking of these, Zhang Zhimu said: "This year's spring is warm, our glass factory can produce, there will be a lot of glass, we can build a glass house, inside the heating, you can grow a lot of vegetables." At that point, you can grow whatever you want. ”

Xiaoqing was attracted by the bright prospect depicted by Zhang Zhimu and asked, "Really?" ”

"Really."

Xiaoqing said: "Then I want to grow a lot of green vegetables, I want to eat green vegetables so much." Enough of those who eat fish and meat every day. ”

Zhang Zhimu said with a smile: "You didn't see those new candidates who came to register, they didn't eat enough meat, and you still ate enough meat." ”

Xiaoqing suddenly thought of something and said, "Oops, I forgot a big thing." There was an uncle who drank and made trouble yesterday, and was kicked out of the kiln by Grandpa Yan, he asked that person to get out of the kiln, and the man knelt there when he came back today, and Grandpa Yan didn't promise to spare him, so he kept kneeling there. You go and see, don't move to death on this cold day. ”

When Zhang Zhimu heard this, he knew that someone must be drunk, and others couldn't control it, so he found Yan Boju to come forward, and Yan Boju was angry and asked that person to get out. The man woke up and knew that he was wrong, Yan Boju didn't forgive him, he had nowhere to go, so he had to kneel there and beg for mercy.

Zhang Zhimu hated these people who drank and made trouble, especially these people who drank excessively after making two money, and hated it even more, it seems that it is time to set the rules, and this material civilization and spiritual civilization must be grasped. But now it is not easy to do it if people freeze to death, Yan Boju's decision, the ordinary people in Yaogang really dare not disobey it. I had to come forward to take a look myself, thinking of this, Zhimu said to Xiaohu: "Xiaohu, let's play here today, we should go home." ”

Xiaohu reluctantly put down the electric bell that had been dingdong for a long time, and followed Zhang Zhimu out.

Zhang Zhimu followed Xiaoqing to the door of Yan Boju's office, and sure enough, he saw a person kneeling there, it seemed that he couldn't support it anymore, and there were many people watching next to him. Zhang Zhimu went over and was about to help the man up, but the man's legs were stiff and he couldn't stand up. Zhang Zhimu asked the people next to him to help him up and send him to the health center. But this man still struggled not to go, and the angry Zhang Zhimu shouted: "Drag him away!" ”

The men dragged him away.

Zhang Zhimu entered Yan Boju's office, and Xiaoqing and Xiaohu greeted Yan Boju: "Grandpa Yan! Grandpa Yan! ”

Yan Boju also liked the two children very much, and hurriedly said: "Okay! Saying that, he took out a few walnuts from the drawer and gave them to Xiaoqing and Xiaohu, the two children were also very familiar with Yan Boju, so they unceremoniously took the walnuts to find a place to smash the walnuts.

Yan Boju's small eyes narrowed into slits and said, "Why, I came to intercede with that brute." You didn't look at the madness last night, the king of heaven and Lao Tzu were not afraid when he came. ”

The tavern in Yaogang has been notified, and Yaogang stipulates that everyone must drink a limited amount of alcohol. Yesterday, this person drank a little too much, and he had already drunk enough, so he had to give him another drink, and the people in the tavern didn't give it to him, so he went wild, and even made trouble with him, and the kiln on duty couldn't get him, and the main thing was that he didn't want to be very hands-on with him. There was no way someone had invited Yan Boju here. Under normal circumstances, if there is something going on in Yaogang, invite Yan Boju here, and with his prestige, it can basically be calmed down. But this guy who drank too much, he didn't recognize anyone yesterday, and a few people couldn't hold him down, which angered Yan Boju at this moment, and he ordered the soldiers on duty to tie him up for me. These soldiers were already a little angry, and when they saw that Yan Boju gave the order, they were not polite, and beat him down and tied him up. Early the next morning, Yan Boju told the man to settle his wages immediately and leave the kiln. In fact, this person got up early in the morning, and when he woke up, he knew that he had become big yesterday, but he didn't expect Yan Boju to let him leave the kiln because of this, and it was useless to say anything. So he had to pack up his things and leave, but this person, who usually thinks he is very great, only then did he realize that he had nowhere to go when he left the kiln, and he would be nothing if he left the kiln, and he would soon be mixed with those beggars. Don't look at this person, who is five big and three thick, but he has no shortage of eyes, so he came back in a circle and knelt down at Yan Boju's mouth, hoping that Yan Boju would forgive him. Yan Boju came out and told him that you were committing the royal law of Yaogang, if Yaogang forgave you, everyone else is like this, then it will not be messed up. You'd better go. After saying that, Yan Boju ignored him again, this person also has a kind, and he knelt down all afternoon on a cold day.

Zhang Zhimu took a sip of Yan Boju's tea and said, "Can you really watch him kneel to death in front of your door?" ”

"Hey, don't say that." Yan Boju waved his hand to interrupt Zhang Zhimu's words and said, "I didn't let him kneel here, and persuaded him to go, let him find a more suitable place for him." ”

Zhang Zhimu did not follow Yan Boju's words, but said: "It seems that the rules and regulations of our kiln gang still need to be improved, and whoever commits anything should be punished must be clearly stipulated." So that everyone has rules to follow and laws to follow. ”

Yan Boju said: "Okay, I don't understand these things, you just watch and do it." ”

Zhang Zhimu said again: "Today's matter, we must turn it into a good thing." Please ask the editor-in-chief of our "Yaogang Weekly" to write a few articles for everyone to discuss what should be done if such a thing happens in Yaogang? By the way, let him do some Q&A with all sorts of different people? If we want to develop steadily, the quality of personnel must be improved simultaneously. ”

Yan Boju said: "You can just watch and do these things." What I'm concerned about now is that the forage consumption is a bit larger than expected. Let's see if you can, when Li Mao returns to Yangzhou, he will bring some horses, and it will not be a problem to get forage in the south. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Now the river is not civilized, and Li Mao also crossed the Yellow River from the ice. ”

Yan Boju knew that Zhang Zhimu would say this. He said: "I'm not worried about anything else, I'm worried about meeting Li Zicheng's army on the road." Because the Yellow River is frozen, other rivers are also frozen, so we can take advantage of the opportunity of the river freezing to let the horses step on the ice. I'm looking at a path. We can go from here to Qinyuan. Along the Qinshui to the Yellow River, along the bank of the Yellow River to Kaifeng, it will be fine, as long as there is nothing to do from the Yellow River to Kaifeng, it will be safe. This road is easier to walk in winter. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I have studied this Qinshui waterway, if you go from Qinshui, you don't need to cross Sanmenxia, so it is much easier." I didn't expect to be able to walk this road in winter. When Li Mao comes back, we will discuss it with him. I think if we send a little more people, there should be no problem with this road. In his previous life, there was a sentence that Zhang Zhimu remembered very clearly, saying that if you want to get rich, you must first build roads. Now, in the case of inconvenient transportation, if you can break out of a road, you can make a fortune.

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