"Then the question is, what is the difference between this person who didn't understand Jia Xu's meaning at all, and rashly listened to Jia Xu's dispatch of troops to attack the Yellow Turban, and let's go around to see through Jia Xu's meaning, and still have to send troops to attack the Yellow Turban?" Bao Hong wondered. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

"The difference is huge!"

At this time, the think tanks summoned by Bao Hong responded with a smile.

"The general can analyze these contents, it can be seen that the general has a certain degree of organization for thinking about breaking the situation, according to this mode of thinking, basically most of the strategies will not work on the general!" Li Zuoche said with a smile.

"However, there is still a lack of grasping the hearts of the people and planning the overall situation!" Liu Bowen said, "It can be said that this Mr. Wenhe is not here to perform any conspiracy or useless work, he is here purely to conduct a test, or to see who is qualified to cooperate with them!" ”

"What do you mean?" Bao Hong doesn't know why, what is this about cooperating?

"It's easy! Dong Zhuo is screening teammates! Liu Bowen sneered, "First of all, the first question, the saying that those who work hard govern people and those who work hard govern people must have heard of the army, right?" ”

"Those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern people" is from "Mencius" "Teng Wen Gongzhang Sentence Shang". Mencius's assertion that "those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern people" is about how to distinguish the ethical issues of social work. Ruler, ruled, cannibal, eater.

"The Ninth Year of Zuo Chuan Xianggong" knows Wuzi: "The gentleman works hard, the villain works, and the system of the first king." "By the rule of the gentleman and the rule of the villain.

Mencius borrowed. The difference between physical and mental labor was creatively invented, so as to distinguish the laborer from the laborer who dominates the laborer. On the basis of "or hard work, or labor", it is further developed into the famous "formula" of "those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern people". This is the ideal paradigm of feudal politics in the East of China.

Of course, why did Mencius pull this theory?

It is the death war between Xu Xing and Mencius mentioned earlier, the theory that the monarch should not farm the land together, that is, the peasant idea of planting and eating by himself.

Mencius put it bluntly, he wanted to argue with the monarch and prove that the monarch did not need to run over to farm.

So why doesn't the monarch need to go specifically to farming? Mencius meant that the monarch had other things to do, mainly to guide ideologically, so he should not use labor.

Mencius put it this way: "If according to Mr. Xu's proposition and his own practice, he thinks that the farmer's exchange of grain for pots, Zhen and iron tools and farm tools is not regarded as the farmer harming the bricklayer and blacksmith, and so on, if the bricklayer and blacksmith exchange pots, Zhen and iron tools for grain, is it considered to be a damage to the farmer?" Moreover, Mr. Xu is interesting, he only eats the grain he grows, and only eats the grain he grows, so why not go to his own kiln, make his own iron, make his own pots, make his own retorts, and so on and eat related cooking utensils and related agricultural tools? He thinks so much about labor, why don't he collect all the production tools that are involved in production, all the equipment that can produce the means of life, and store them somewhere at home, so that they can be obtained at hand and used conveniently and quickly. When Mr. Xu came to Yaxing, he could implement, implement, and satisfy his desire to work at what point in time? Why did he have to negotiate prices with one craftsman after another, and come back again and again with grain to exchange for farm tools and cooking utensils, and to buy one after another for the means of subsistence that he had not worked out of his own labor? Why is Mr. Xu so stubborn, rigid, and rigid, and isn't it very troublesome for others to do so? ”

"Mr. Xu is reasonable, all kinds of craftsmen can't be busy working at the same time while farming. Then, I would like to ask you to teach me that there is no need to think about governing the country alone, and that the governance of the country alone is excluded and distinguished, is this called the correct way of governing the country? While farming is annoying, is it possible to govern the country and level the world at the same time? The rulers also have their own things to do, just as the people have their own things to do. What's more, every person's family has a piece of living materials is not due to a craftsman instead of his own labor, household goods can be complete and complete, if you must rely on your own hands, to use the product, that is to lead the world people to work hard. That's why it is rumored in the society: the gentleman works hard, and the villain works. Some people work with their brains, some with physical work; Those who work mentally rule over man, and those who work physically are ruled by man; The ruled should logically provide for the lives of others, and the rulers should logically live by the provisions of others. This is the normal norm of the world, the norm prevailing between China and other countries, and the basic ethics of human social interaction with universal values. ”

"In Yao's time, the world was not yet peaceful, floods were flooding, and they were flooding everywhere; Plants and trees grow unlimitedly, birds and beasts multiply in large numbers, grains are not harvested, birds and beasts endanger humans, and they are everywhere. Yao was very worried about this, and selected Shun to come out for comprehensive governance. Shun Paiyi was in charge of burning with fire, and Yi used fire to burn the grass and trees in the mountains and swamps, and the birds and beasts scattered and fled. Dayu dredged nine rivers, treated water, source water, and drained into the sea; Excavate Rushui and Han water, dredge Huaishui and Surabaya, and divert the water into the Yangtze River. In this way, China can carry out agricultural cultivation. At that time, Yu was away for eight years, and he didn't go in front of his house three times, even if he wanted to farm himself, was it feasible? Houji taught the common people to cultivate and harvest and cultivate grains, and only when the grains were ripe could they raise the people. The reason why people are human beings, they are well fed, warmly clothed, and live comfortably, if they are not educated, they are almost like animals. The saint was also worried about this, so he sent a deed to be a disciple, and used the proper ethical relationship and inspiration between people to educate the people -- there is a relationship between father and son, there is a way of courtesy and righteousness between kings and ministers, there is a difference between husband and wife, there is an order of respect and humility between the old and the young, and there is the virtue of honesty between friends. Yao said: 'Comfort them, comfort them, enlighten them, correct them, assist them, protect them, make them create a place, and further improve their morality.' 'The saints thought so much about the common people, did they still have time to cultivate it themselves?'

Yao took not being able to get someone like Shun as his own worry, and Shun made not being able to get someone like Yu and Tao his own worry. Those who worry about the poor cultivation of the fields are the farmers. Distributing money to others is called benevolence, teaching good enlightenment to others is called loyalty, and discovering talents for the world is called benevolence. Therefore, it is easy to give the world to others, but it is difficult to find talents for the world. Confucius said: 'It is great for Yao to be the Son of Heaven!' Only Heaven is the greatest, only Yao can imitate Heaven, his holiness is boundless, and the common people cannot find a proper Chinese language to praise him! Shun is also an amazing son of heaven! Although there is such a vast world, I don't own it! 'Yao and Shun rule the world, don't you have to think about it? It's just used to plough the land and cultivate the land.

The social division of labor is an inevitable law of the development of human history and is also an expression of civilization. Theoretically speaking, the development of productive forces will inevitably lead to the social division of labor, which is an irresistible historical trend; The social division of labor will further promote the development of productive forces and social progress, which is also an inevitable result. Judging by the actual situation, in primitive societies there was a separation of agriculture and animal husbandry, which was the first great division of labor in society. At the end of primitive society, the division of labor between agriculture and handicrafts appeared. Furthermore, with the transition of human beings from primitive society to civilized society, the division of labor between mental and physical labor, between managers and the managed, inevitably appeared. The emergence of this division of labor will inevitably lead to the emergence of class contradictions and class antagonisms between the ruler and the ruled, between the manager and the managed, and even between the oppressed and the oppressed, the exploiter and the exploited. The emergence of this division of labor and contradictions is an inevitable trend that cannot be transferred from the perspective of human development as a whole, but from the perspective of local stages, it is full of sharp struggles, violence and evil. It is in the face of this perplexing complication that thinkers have come up with their own perspectives and solutions to their problems.

Xu Xing's peasant doctrine is one of these various views. He attributed the emergence of various social problems to the social division of labor, and believed that "the sage and the people plough and eat together, and the people are governed by food" is the best way to solve social contradictions. He not only thought this theoretically, but also put it into practice, leading his disciples to "wear brown clothes, tie up the sheath, and weave mats for food." This view and practice of his was strange and fresh, and attracted many people, and even the Chen Xiang brothers, who had always practiced Confucianism, rushed to Teng from the Song State and became Xu Xing's disciples. The Chen Xiang brothers not only betrayed their master, but also openly visited Mencius to preach their newfound peasant doctrine.

Mencius, of course, would not tolerate the actions of the Chen Xiang brothers, nor could he refute Xu Xing's doctrine. So he resorted to the fallacy he has always been good at, asking and answering, pushing the practices of Xu Xing and his disciples to an extremely absurd level, forcing Chen Xiang to admit that "the work of a hundred works is uncultivable." In fact, the rationality of the social division of labor is recognized. Mencius then developed his own positive argument. First, he famously asserts: "Either the heart or the labor; Those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern people; Those who govern cannibalize people, and those who govern eat people: the general meaning of the world. Then "the words must be called Yao Shun", and the deeds of Yao Shun and other ancient holy kings are used to demonstrate the necessity of social division of labor. Finally, after refuting Xu Xing's views and practices, Mencius began to lash out at the Chen Xiang brothers' betrayal of their teachers and abandonment of Confucianism.

Thus, on the one hand, it did provide a theoretical basis for the rulers of later generations, and on the other hand. Mencius, as the spokesman of the ruling class, was criticized for a certain period of history. In fact, as we already know here, Mencius did not mean to deal with the question of ruling and being ruled. By mistake, this man who had spent his life pleading for the "people" and calling on those in power to implement benevolent government became the spokesman of the ruling class.

In all fairness, the key is to see from what angle you look at the problem. If we look at it from the perspective of local stages, Xu Xing's doctrine advocates that the ruler and the common people "eat, live and work together", do their own things, and have enough food and clothing, because the king can put down the shelf, give up his authority, and do not eat the official rules, but work with his own hands like the people, and run the farm work the same, which is almost exactly the same as the people, and it is indeed of a certain significance and therefore attractive. However, judging from the general framework of the development of the history of civilization, the whole process of the evolution of racial national boundaries and regions, that is, the whole process of the general tendency of all mankind, his views and practices seem to be very absurd and ridiculous. Who of us today would have thought of building a TV set and then watching it, and who would have thought of building a car and driving it? If there is one person who makes such a claim, it is strange that that person is not considered by the public to be insane and mentally ill. In the same way, from the overall and whole-process point of view, "those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern people" is not a great rebellion and reactionary doctrine, but a summary of phenomena in the development stage of human society, and he correctly pointed out the future direction of human development and the phenomena to be encountered. If we restore the historical background to be concrete, and understand it from the real situation when Mencius said this, that is, from the perspective of the problem of social division of labor, it is not surprising that Mencius said such a rebellious and reactionary doctrine.

"! What are you talking about? Bao Hong didn't know why, "Are you trying to tell me that my brain is not good enough to be the leader?" So you need to put in a little more effort to learn? ”

"Who's talking to you about this?" Li Zuoche laughed and said, "Berwyn means that in this matter, or in most military and political activities, the dominance of intelligence is far higher than that of force. Therefore, Jia Xu did not pay attention to the size of the force in this matter, or even if he paid attention, it was not the point, what they assessed was the problem of the intelligence of our people from all walks of life. ”

"You mean to look at the brains of people from all walks of life through this matter?" Bao Hong nodded, and understood, "That's the same as what I just said, after he did this, aren't the non-intelligent and the high-intelligence all the same?" ”

"How can it be the same?" Li Zuoche sneered, "If you don't even pass the first test, you don't even think about anything and rush up to deal with the yellow scarf, that kind of person is just cannon fodder to put it bluntly, Jia Xu and Li Ru have a way to let them rush up to be cannon fodder, and they are still elated!" (To be continued.) )