Chapter 166: Three acids and one alkali

On the way to the office, Zhang Zhimu saw that the kiln gang began to build sheds everywhere again, which was prepared for Chen Yufeng's marriage. Originally, Chen Yufeng said that he didn't want to do things too grandly. In Chen Yufeng's words, the two of them have already talked about it, just move together. But Huang Yukun was the first to do it, and Sister-in-law Xu also supported Huang Yukun's opinion. Huang Yukun's idea, of course, is that Chen Yufeng's marriage must be handled well. For this person like his father, Huang Yukun doesn't know how to be grateful. She must do Chen Yufeng's wedding this time, and this is also an opportunity for her to finally find an opportunity to repay Chen Yufeng. Huang Yukun personally inquired about the layout and supplies of Chen Yufeng's home. Sister-in-law Xu even joked with Huang Yukun, "I don't know if I'm married or you're married." ”

Huang Yukun was not annoyed, and said, "Uncle Chen, I have suffered too much in this life. Now that I hand him over to you, you must take care of him. ”

Sister-in-law Xu said: "Then you can rest assured." I'll take care of my own man. With the same heart he has for the two children, I can't help but give him all my heart. ”

Due to the large number of people eating, there are now a total of ten canteens in Yaogang. In order not to affect everyone's normal meals, the wedding banquet is not prepared to occupy the canteen. It's just that when the time comes, I will borrow the school's room, so that I don't need to have a kitchen.

Zhang Zhimu still doesn't care about these trivial matters, and he has never worried about his own marriage. Fortunately, there is Lu Chengxiang, the big housekeeper, and Zhang Zhimu is very relieved. Since the first officer training class in Yaogang had already opened, Chen Yufeng and Ouyang He went all out to devote their hearts to this training class, let alone these things.

Before Zhang Zhimu entered the office, Sun Liang was already waiting at the door. Sun Liang said that he made a few more telescopes and asked Zhang Zhimu to go over and take a look.

Zhang Zhimu came to Sun Liang's studio and saw three more binoculars in the room. Zhang Zhimu looked out the window with a telescope and said, "Have you noticed that there is glare in the telescope we made." ”

Sun Liang asked: "What is glare, that is, sometimes there is a little other light in the mirror?" ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Yes, I was happy last time, I forgot to tell you that the barrel of the glasses should be painted black, preferably matte color, that is, non-reflective black, for example, carbon black is very good." In addition, a baffle with a small hole should be placed at the intersection of the focus of the eyepiece and the objective lens, so that the light can pass through the small hole, so that other light cannot pass through, and there is no interference glare. ”

Seeing Sun Liang and them nodding their heads, Zhang Zhimu said again: "The telescope you made is getting better and better. While you're making some of these telescopes, you're thinking about making smaller ones that you can hold in your hands and see on your horse. ”

Sun Liang said: "We are also studying the matter of making small telescopes, but there are not enough people to be busy. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "You can go and pick people, each of you has to bring a few apprentices." It is better to pick cultured, young. It's okay to have a few more people. In the future, you will have to make microscopes, reading glasses, and myopia glasses. A lot of people are needed. ”

Sun Liang said: "Mr. Zhang, the soft manganese ore you got back is really a good thing, and our glass with this thing will be much brighter all of a sudden." There is no such blue color, it becomes pure white and transparent. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "If you are engaged in optics, you must study the glass thoroughly, and the parameters of the refractive index are different when different elements are added to the glass, and you will all be able to use it in the future." Next year, when the conditions are good, you can build a small glass kiln by yourself, so that you can try to make different glass. In a few days' time, you must attend the chemistry class I will teach. Only by studying chemistry can you have a better understanding of glass. ”

Sun Liang asked: "Who will use these telescopes after they are finished?" ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "You can hand it over to Uncle Chen, and he will distribute it." I'll keep the first one for myself, it's a souvenir. ”

Zhang Zhimu, who returned to the office again, saw that the door of his office was more lively. Qingfengzi has more than a dozen masters and apprentices, and Li Dong and Li Yunhe from the smelter are talking about something.

Zhang Zhimu asked: "Why don't you sit in the office, what are you doing outside on a cold day?" ”

Qingfengzi said: "There are a lot of us, thinking that as soon as you come back, we will go with you to make caustic soda, so we didn't go in." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "There are just a few of them, I have something to tell you." ”

There were too many people coming in, so Yang Yulin and the others moved a few more stools, and everyone sat down.

Zhang Zhimu said: "Director Li came just in time, I just happened to have something to tell you." In the future, our production base will be built on the smelter side, the production of steel spring carriages will be moved to you, the coking plant, it will be separated into a branch plant, and a chemical plant will be built soon. ”

Li Dong said: "Now our smelter is going to be lively. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I'm a little worried that the environment there is too poor, don't be able to keep people at that time." ”

Li Dong said: "We are much stronger than before in the past. Our next step is to stop a few small stoves and build a few large ones. In this way, the dust and exhaust are also a little easier to deal with. At that point, the air will be much different. In fact, it can also be the same, although these factories have been moved to the smelter, but the smelting plant is too large, and there is no one around. Our ironworks are in front of the mountain, so we can build other factories behind the mountain, where the air is much better. Later workers' living quarters were also built there. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "That's great. Why did you just say you wanted to see the big furnace? ”

Li Dong said: "That's what I'm here to talk about. Yunhe, this kid sent us a steam engine. This stuff works so well. We used this steam engine as a blower, and this guy had a lot of strength. Later, we built a special air duct with bricks, and the result was enough air volume to blow air for all the furnaces. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Then the smelter, no longer need manpower to blow the wind?" ”

Li Dong said: "No need. In the past, the stove couldn't be too big because the wind was not strong enough to blow in. Now that I have this thing, I'm going to build a big stove, and it's a big deal, so I'll come and talk to you. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "This is a good thing, I absolutely support it." How big do you want to build a stove? ”

Li Dong said: "Let's try to make a twenty or thirty standing first. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Let me make a few requests. First, the minimum should be 50 to 100 li; Second, the gas on the top of the furnace must be recovered; Third, pollution must be reduced, and it is best not to discharge exhaust gas directly into the air. Whoever says you are forty or fifty miles away from us, but when the wind is right, we can smell it. This will not work. ”

Li Dongyu hesitated and said, "It's too risky to do so much at once." It's better to take it slowly. ”

When Zhang Zhimu knew in his previous life, the 100-li blast furnace had already been dismantled. The larger the furnace, the higher the efficiency.

Zhang Zhimu said: "You are now engaged in raw material sintering, as long as you can ensure continuous feeding. It's okay if it's bigger. If you need power, you can also add a steam engine. In fact, your steam engine can be built together with the furnace, and the waste heat of the furnace can also be used to heat the water. ”

Li Dong said: "Q Ti is, we have never done such a furnace, and the feeding and discharging iron are not capable of using manpower. ”

Zhang Zhimu had been to Angang before, and had seen things such as the overhead crane with feeding. It's a pity that I was just playing at the time, and I didn't watch it seriously. Zhang Zhimu could only roughly say: "The blast furnace plant should be redesigned, and the feeding should be carried out by a rail loading car, and a dump truck should be used to feed the material at the top of the furnace." This requires steam-powered traction. The ladle is also transported by a special rail car. The whole thing has to be redesigned. I'll send Liu Baoxue back to help you tackle key problems. ”

Li Dong said: "The Ming Dynasty has never heard of such a big furnace. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "The whole Ming Dynasty, have you ever heard of such a kiln? ”

Li Dong said: "This means that everything has to be redesigned and a new furnace has been redesigned. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "That's right. In fact, the larger the furnace, the higher the efficiency. The safety of the furnace is considered from big to small, and there can be no mistakes. ”

Li Dong said: "Okay, when we go back, we will concentrate our efforts on making this stove according to Mr. Zhang's request." But that Liu Baoxue had to send me over earlier, he was a master. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Yunhe, you will arrange for Liu Baoxue to do this immediately, this guy is not happy when he hears this." ”

Li Yunhe said: "His business is easy to do, his people have been brought out, and it is no problem for him to leave the two stoves." ”

Zhang Zhimu said to Li Dong: "In the future, you will be fully responsible for the affairs of the smelting plant, mainly to coordinate the work between the various factories." You are responsible for all aspects of life. The overall planning of the smelter, when Mr. Lu Bingyi has his hands free, he will bring a group of people over to help you do it. Now there's something I'm going to do with you right now. We are going to use the alum in your mine to produce a large amount of sulfuric acid, and because we are in a hurry, we want to start the production of sulfuric acid first. Without sulfuric acid, many other things can't be done. ”

Li Dong said: "There happens to be a spare house near the mining site, and you can use it after cleaning it up." The place is wide, and the ore is still close, so just build the road. ”

Then Zhang Zhimu asked Qingfengzi's master and apprentice for their opinions, and asked them if they could serve as the directors of the new chemical plant. Qingfengzi recommended Zhang Shoutan to serve, Qingfengzi said that he still had things on the mountain, and he didn't know when he would leave, but when he was in the kiln, he would help Zhang Shoutan do a good job. In fact, Qingfengzi wanted to leave a good position for his disciple.

Li Yunhe told them that the backbone of the chemical plant was ready, some of them knew mechanical engineering and some of them knew civil engineering, most of them had participated in Zhang Zhimu's classes, and the few who had not participated in them had also participated in various study classes. In short, they are all literate and hyphenation.

The master and apprentice were very happy to hear this, because the people they brought were also literate, but half of the people who came with them had their own interests after they arrived at the kiln, and only half of them could follow them to engage in chemical engineering. But a few more other workers are enough for now.

Zhang Zhimu also arranged for Li Yunhe to use the two steam engines he built to collect gas for the coking plant of the smelting plant, and the other to collect carbon dioxide for the lime plant. Because soda ash production is no longer sufficient. Soda ash is used in glass factories and caustic soda, and the amount will be very large.

After Li Yunhe brought Liu Baoxue here, Liu Baoxue had already heard about building a large blast furnace, and he said that he would definitely cooperate with Li Dong to handle the blast furnace well.

Zhang Zhimu also instructed Li Dong and Liu Baoxue to let them not forget the cultivation of talents while doing a good job in the construction of blast furnaces.

Liu Baoxue said: "On the side of the smelter, there are many people who were selected in the Ming Dynasty, and they are all educated, but there has never been such an environment as the kiln gang. When I return to the smelter, I will also have to run some study classes. Mobilize the enthusiasm of talents. ”

Li Yunhe, Li Dong, and Liu Baoxue went to find a place to discuss their affairs, and Zhang Zhimu led Qingfengzi and them to the test site and began to make soda ash.

Zhang Zhimu asked Zhang Shoutan to put all the soda ash he brought in the basin, and then slowly added water, constantly stirring, until the soda ash had melted. Then pour the lime into the water and stir, then pour the soda ash water into the lime water, and stir again. After stopping the agitation, wait until the precipitation in the solution is completed, filter out the solution above, pour it into the jar to heat and evaporate the water, and then take out the crystals.

Zhang Zhimu pointed to the white crystals and said to Qingfengzi: "This thing is caustic soda, also called sodium hydroxide." Do not allow contact with skin. ”

Qingfengzi asked: "This is the one that you said about three acids and one alkali?" ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Yes, with this thing, we can do a lot of things." Now let's make absorbent cotton. ”

Zhang Zhimu instructed everyone to tear apart the cotton they brought and pick out the visible impurities, such as small stones and dead leaves. Wash the cotton with water until the effluent is clear. Put the cotton in the jar, add water until it can be submerged, then add NaOH equivalent to 2%~5% of the water weight to the jar, cover and boil, and simmer for 10 minutes. Once cooled, rinse with plenty of water and rub for ten minutes while washing. Place the washed cotton on a clean piece of paper.

Zhang Zhimu said: "When such cotton is dried, it is absorbent cotton. Let's make nitric acid. ”

Zhang Shoutan led people to bring over the crushed saltpeter and zeolite powder. According to Zhang Zhimu's command, it was put into a jar, covered with a lid with two holes, and then used a glass tube with a rubber stopper, stuffed it into one hole, and used a funnel with a rubber stopper to plug it into the other hole. The other end of the tube is connected to a tube with a rubber tube. The port of this glass tube is passed through a glass lid with a rubber stopper and placed into the water of a glass beaker. The water in the glass beaker had just passed through the port of the glass tube.

Pour concentrated sulphuric acid down the funnel into a jar containing saltpeter and quickly plug the funnel with a rubber stopper. Then heat slowly under the jar.

Soon a yellow gas appeared in the glass tube, which slowly dissolved in the beaker's water. The solution in the glass beaker is constantly increasing.

Zhang Zhimu told Qingfengzi: "What is in this glass beaker is nitric acid. However, everyone should pay attention in the future, because nitric acid has a corrosive effect on the eraser, the rubber skin used must be checked well when used again. The zeolite powder in it does not participate in the reaction, but it prevents the sulfuric acid from boiling. ”

Qingfengzi asked again: "This is also nitric acid with three acids and one alkali?" ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "That's right. In this way, we have three acids and one alkali, and we have two acids and one alkali. Chloric acid, another acid, can also be prepared in this way, just replace saltpeter with table salt. ”

Zhang Shoutan said: "It seems that sulfuric acid is the foundation of the foundation, no wonder Mr. Zhang wants to build a sulfuric acid plant in the smelting plant first." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "We have absorbent cotton, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid, and now we can make smokeless**." In fact, smokeless ** is nitrocellulose, also called nitrocellulose. This thing is more useful, not only as a **, but also in many other places, such as our film films in the future. ”

Zhang Shoutan asked: "What is a movie film?" ”

Zhang Zhimu knew that he had said too much, so he had to say: "If I have a chance in the future, I will show you, but now I can't say it clearly." "It would be strange if Zhang Zhimu could explain the film and film to them clearly at once.

It is a little troublesome to make nitrate cotton, Zhang Zhimu first asked Zhang Shoutan and others to prepare two percent saltpeter solution and two percent soda ash solution and put it aside, and then Zhang Zhimu said: "The next step is to combine nitric acid and sulfuric acid together, everyone should pay attention to the fact that we must slowly pour sulfuric acid into nitric acid and not nitric acid into sulfuric acid." This is done because when sulfuric acid and nitric acid are mixed, the sulfuric acid will release a lot of heat when it encounters the water in the nitric acid, which prevents splashing. ”

Zhang Shoutan, wearing a layer of rubber-coated gloves, slowly poured sulfuric acid into nitric acid, and the other person kept stirring with a glass rod. Nitric acid and sulfuric acid are formulated into a one-to-three solution. After matching, take the absorbent cotton and put it into the solution, completely press the absorbent cotton into the solution, do not let a little absorbent cotton expose the liquid surface, and at the same time squeeze out the bubbles in the absorbent cotton, so that it waits for about 20 minutes. Since there is no watch now, I can only estimate the time.

Pick out the absorbent cotton with a wooden stick, put it in a large vat, and wash it with water repeatedly until you can't smell sour. Then put the washed absorbent cotton into the soda ash solution and cook for 30 minutes. Then take it out and wash it, and put it in a ventilated place to dry.

Zhang Zhimu told everyone: "Now these absorbent cotton are dried like this, and when they are dried, they are soaked in saltpeter solution and then dried." It's nitrocotton. ”

Qingfengzi said: "When I look at this thing, I must have a careful person to do it." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "What Master Qingfengzi said is true, but what we do is done in the laboratory, and it is completely up to people to do it carefully. However, if industrial production is to be formed, it is necessary to study a feasible production process. The safety of production of this thing is the first and foremost importance. You should study the technical issues of the entire production together with Li Yunhe and others. From the storage and processing of raw materials to the storage and transportation of finished products, there must be strict regulations and specifications, otherwise there will be a price. Even dead people and seriously pollute the environment. Before the start of production, there must be a plan for dealing with various accidents. Otherwise, we can't start construction, and we must check and approve it before starting work. ”

On the way back to Zhang Zhimu's office, Qingfengzi said to Zhang Zhimu: "I heard Li Dong say that there is a lot of green alum in the smelter, and in that case, it will be easy for us to produce sulfuric acid." However, our soda ash is limited by raw materials, such as the production of ammonia, which directly limits the output of soda ash. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Yes, now it can only be like this, how much ammonia produces how much soda ash. I'm working on a generator right now, and when we have electricity, we can produce soda ash and caustic soda on a large scale. ”

Qingfuzi asks what the generator is? Can produce lightning. Zhang Zhimu said patiently: "Lightning is electricity, but it can't be used, and the electricity generated by the generator we make is something we can use ourselves." I'll talk about these lessons to you later. ”

Qingfengzi asked: "Mr. Zhang, how many things do you still have to tell you?" Will we be able to finish it in this life? ”

Zhang Zhimu smiled and said, "Soon I won't have anything to say." But what I'm talking about, if you combine them, you can do a lot of things, isn't it? ”

Qingfengzi nodded and said, "This is also a cultivation that depends on the individual. ”

Back in the office, Yang Yulin said, "Uncle Chen, Ouyang He, and Li Mao came to look for you, saying that when you come back, let me tell them." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "On this day, I was going to die. I haven't eaten yet, so get me something to eat. Then go to them. ”

Yang Yulin said very unhappily: "You don't know how to take care of your body, if you don't eat, others have to follow you and not eat." I'll go and have someone give you a bowl of noodles. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Don't forget those who haven't eaten, bring them out." ”

Zhang Zhimu's bowl of noodles hadn't finished yet, and Chen Yufeng and others came again.

Zhang Zhimu had no choice but to finish the noodles hastily.

Chen Yufeng said: "Zhimu, the days are long. You can't do it like this. ”

Zhang Zhimu wiped his mouth and said, "It's okay, I just want to hand over the chemical industry to Qingfengzi and them as soon as possible." Don't you see that there are many kiln gang people who are so busy? Li Yunhe: In the group that engaged in marine steam engines, someone moved all the covers to the workshop. ”

Li Mao said: "I was really moved by the enthusiasm of the kiln people. No wonder the kiln is developing so fast. But this can be done for a short time, but not for a long time. ”

Chen Yufeng said: "Tell the canteen to ensure the quality of food for overtime workers. ”

Li Mao said: "I saw that the food on the night shift was not bad, there were meat dishes at every meal, and fish soup and mutton soup were constantly served every day. I'm afraid that the Ming Dynasty, that is, our kiln, can live such a life. ”

Chen Yufeng said: "No, those fish were all fished out by Yukun sending people to smash holes in the ice." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I won't always be so busy in the future, now there are a few key things that must be done, and when these things come out, we will take the initiative more." ”

Chen Yufeng said: "In the past two days, we have been busy with classes, and we have discussed a few things. It's all about the future. I think it's important and want to talk to you. ”

"Okay, I'm just trying to hear your opinions." Zhang Zhimu said as he got up and poured water for everyone.

Ouyang He said: "Brother Li Mao thinks that this base of our kiln is too important. He felt that it was better to build a city with walls around it. ”

Zhang Zhimu asked: "If we build a very strong city wall, with tens of thousands of people in our kiln gang, without foreign aid, and hundreds of thousands of troops to surround it, can we hold it for a long time?" ”

Ouyang He said: "I can't hold on. You should have planned ahead. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Yes, the current situation is that if a large army is coming, not only can we not defend it, but we must also take the initiative to evacuate. But if we have 100,000 men, do we have to withdraw? Can you still evacuate? ”

Ouyang He said: "With 100,000 people, if there is a city wall, you can defend it." ”

Zhang Zhimu asked: "Mr. Ouyang He thinks that in that case, how long can he keep?" ”

"It's hard to say when it's time." Ouyang He said.

Zhang Zhimu said: "No matter how long it takes, it will still be defeated in the end." It's just a matter of time. Therefore, the construction of the city has no substantive meaning except for strengthening the courage. ”

Chen Yufeng said: "It's better than nothing." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "That's why I'm desperately trying to make something." I'm going to tell you about something I've been working on lately. That way you'll be able to understand my thoughts better. ”

Chen Yufeng said: "If you tell us your thoughts earlier, we can be prepared." ”

Zhang Zhimu found that he had made a serious mistake, he and Chen Yufeng they did not communicate well, the last kiln gang planning meeting, everyone's opinions were not unified, and he was concerned about product development, and failed to spend more time to communicate with Chen Yufeng, this time we must unify everyone's thoughts.

But how can you convince these people?

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