Chapter 306: Hardness System

After the first batch of cement brick houses appeared, even if there was no such thing as glass windows, under the old wooden windows, this kind of cleanliness and tidyness, as well as the rooms up and down the stairs, became the focus of many villagers.

Poverty does not mean that there is no pursuit, in fact, after the arrival of Zhao Xin, various workshops were opened, even if it was interrupted by the Baozhou Mutiny, and each family accumulated a batch of money.

For these people who use their lives and sweat to maintain him, Zhao Xin has always been very generous, as long as they pay for their labor, the cost does not matter, as long as they can reach the cost of the all-in-one machine.

Every house, the cost is not very high, but they can afford to buy, in the re-planning, Miaojiazhuang was almost completely demolished and rebuilt, at least 1500 neat houses, appeared in Miaojiazhuang, it looks a lot.

When Xue Yu arrived, he brought news about Zhao Xin's death, and after receiving the news, he could set off.

Zhao Xin's danger comes from this identity, some people with a heart see the opportunity, as long as they kill Zhao Xin, they all have a chance, their purpose is Zhao Xin's identity, not Zhao Xin's person.

Now, whether it's true or not, but above the court, in the Zongren Mansion, this identity has died, that's enough, the current Zhao Xin is Miao Ding, Zhao Xin is dead, which means that the legitimate heir of Emperor Renzong is dead, and next, the eight immortals have crossed the sea to show their magical powers, and they have no intention of paying attention to this side at all.

Zhao Xin can be regarded as crossing to the present, he is really safe, this kind of security from the depths of his heart, which makes Zhao Xin extremely comfortable, this is really the world of the entire Great Song Dynasty, the sea is wide and the fish jumps, and the sky is high and the birds fly.

It is important to do a survey for the next place to settle down and lay a good opportunity for future development, the sooner you find the location and start the infrastructure, the faster you can generate revenue.

A small Miaojiazhuang, with a minimum of 2,800 people, and a maximum of 10,000, is still because of the war, which has created such a big benefit for Zhao Xin, and really controls hundreds of square kilometers of land.

The development of science and technology, the development of industry, and the difference between industrial cities and the feudal agricultural and pastoral era will produce a huge collision.

It stands to reason that Zhao Xin should not be able to stay for a moment, but in fact, Zhao Xin did not set off at that time.

There is one thing that has been delayed, that is, the experiment that has been opened since Han Qi led the troops into Baozhou.

Experiments, there are few experiments in ancient times, most of the inventions, are groped out, so it is called a secret recipe, in fact, if a standard is set, in accordance with a certain experimental procedure, to achieve a certain standard, or to verify whether this standard can go through, with such a concept, you are afraid that in ancient times where nothing is complete, you can also carry out experiments.

For colleges and universities, experiments and topics have become a common practice, and the history department also has topics, but unlike other basic research, they rarely experiment, they go more to investigate, to read, to find clues in countless histories, in some scattered archaeological discoveries, to find theories, and then after a little bit of bold reasoning, so that they can laugh.

I have never eaten pork, I have always seen pigs run, Zhao Xin After Han Qi entered Baozhou, the threat of the rebels to him was reduced to the minimum, and he had already started research, always staying like this, the business of making money, with steamed buns and soap, it was enough, after settling down in the future, he would open the glass again, and the others would slow down for the time being, and these were not too related to them.

In the experiment, Zhao Xin carefully selected, and finally left a few items, which must be opened, Zhao Xin just prepared to carry out two small experiments, mainly spinnakers and sails, which are related to the future maritime strategy.

China's shipbuilding industry, by the time of the Northern Song Dynasty, developed to its peak, and the Ming Dynasty Zheng He's sea ships in the Western Ocean were basically opened on the basis of the Song Dynasty, and there was not even much improvement.

Take Zheng He's largest sea ship as an example, the 22,000 material huge sea ship looks much larger than the 4,000 material sea ship of the Song Dynasty, almost 5 times, but the overall technology has not improved much, but the volume has increased.

From this point of view, it is not that the Song Dynasty was unable to make such a sea ship, but there is no need for this, 4,000 materials are enough economical, and 22,000 materials have no practical meaning except to show the strength of the Great Ming Dynasty.

Since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, maritime trade has become a major source of income, vigorous manufacturing and commerce developed, and maritime trade has gradually flourished, resulting in the transportation industry, shipbuilding industry, has also achieved considerable development.

China's spread of manufacturing, in the same vein, from ordinary boats, to more than 4,000 materials of huge sea vessels, the tonnage can reach 1,300 tons, at this time, those so-called naval powers in Europe, are still getting monohulls, or mixed paddle boats.

There must be advantages and disadvantages, the Northern Song Dynasty directly from the river boat on the basis of the transplanted Chinese sailing ship, is mainly flat-bottomed sails, such a ship, the design is reasonable, the tonnage utilization rate is also very high, it can be said that it is the crystallization of ancient science and technology.

But from a modern perspective, it's still a bit of a gap, or a big one.

The flat-bottomed boat is on the big river, very suitable, shallow draft, easy to move, and has a large cargo capacity, but when it is at sea, there is a problem, poor seaworthiness, and easy to capsize.

The winds at sea are different from those on land, and even the Pacific Ocean, which is calmer and rarely has strong winds like the Atlantic, is still prone to capsizing.

In this era, most of the sea ships sail near the sea, and if they are not careful, they have to dock, and even so, many sank every year.

On the ancient maritime Silk Road, there were many shipwrecks, and flooded porcelain has also become a new salvage direction, and countless people have devoted themselves to this industry because it is too profitable.

The sea ship that Zhao Xin wanted was similar to the pointed bottom sea ship of the Age of Discovery, which could row the water, had a deeper draft, was not easy to capsize, and had greater seaworthiness, and was also prepared to make a series of modifications to the measuring equipment and sails to increase its performance.

However, when the experiment began, Zhao Xin found that he underestimated the difficulty of this matter, because without the premise of a physical ship, it is very difficult to transform this, and the transformation of the hull is a very complete part, designed to the application of many forces, there is no physical object, or in other words, there is no experience in shipbuilding and sea ships, his these, some on paper.

Zhao Xin is just a historian, and he has also seen pictures of Western sailing ships, but relying on this alone to be able to design a ship is a fantasy and a bit contrary to the laws of science.

Originally, I just wanted to design a reasonable spinnaker and combine the crosssail and the spinnaker with each other, but unfortunately, in the end, it backfired, wasting dozens of days, and finally got the spinnaker, which still could not satisfy him, that is, a combination of four corners and triangles.

The east is not bright and the west is bright, Miaojiazhuang's abundant manpower, coupled with abundant capital, is not a separate study of one direction, the sailing thing, is Zhao Xin alone, but cement and steel, handed over to the following, these are simpler, especially with Zhao Xin's point, with different proportions of materials added to a furnace, the cement is manufactured and then matched with each other, and all the processes and added materials are recorded in detail to ensure that they can be reproduced.

The first breakthrough was cement, after getting Zhao Xin's point of mentioning and adding other substances, one added some additives, which had stronger defense, and the price of additives was not expensive, at most the price of cement rose by 30%, but the final reinforced concrete structure was harder than before.

With Zhao Xin's point, for solidity, they will not directly destroy a cement wall to test, Zhao Xin found out the hardness of different references, basically in accordance with the hardness standards of later generations, re-marked the hardness standards belonging to the Great Song Dynasty, in fact, this standard itself is to test the hardness of cement and reinforced concrete, no one thought that he would become a unified weights and measures, widely used in every corner of future development.

The standard set for the time being is 1-8, because there are a few references missing, Zhao Xin doesn't remember very clearly, only that the broken pebbles are about 6.5, and the rocks can reach about 8.

The highest is diamond, that is, diamond, and the lowest is the material seen in ordinary real life, such as talc, which can be pinched off by ordinary people by hand.

For the time being, there is no particularly precise standard, Zhao Xin set talc as 1, gypsum 2, ice cube 2-3, nail 2.5, copper, calcite as 3, shell 3.5, fluorite 4, iron 4-5, glass 5.5 (not yet produced) 6 for feldspar, 6-7 for teeth, 8 for quartz crystal, of course, some gemstones are first-class, basically more than 8.

Careful positioning above 8, this does not make much sense, in fact, diamond is much harder than ordinary gemstones, and there is more rigid graphene in nature, but in ordinary applications, there are few applications about these hardness.

In reality, the maximum hardness range is between 4-7, which is the interval between iron and steel, and it is also the best standard, steel is 6 for high-carbon steel, and 4 for ordinary iron, as long as it is filled with some materials with increasing hardness, this area can be divided into decimal places, which also represents the gradual rise of steel quality, which is more useful for steelmaking in the future.

This simple, not yet ranked to the highest hardness standard, is enough to do something. Cement is just one of them, Zhao Xin's greater ambition is actually on steel, and at the same time, the changeable properties of steel also allow it to improve the hardness system from 4 to 6, making them more accurate, which is not provided by some other natural stones.