One noon in the summer of 317 B.C., a young boy about 6 years old appeared at the gate of the Lyceum founded by Aristotle, no one noticed the boy, in fact there were more than 20 bodyguards hidden nearby, they were responsible for observing the surrounding situation, dealing with accidents that could occur at any time, and dedicating themselves to protecting their masters. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 infoThey were all handpicked from the Royal Guard, headed by the Guards officer Ares, a man with the same name as the god of war. Of course, he lived up to his name, and with his strong physique and athletic prowess, no one in the army could match him, and he was entrusted with the task of keeping the king safe.

The Lykeion was founded in Athens in 335 BC by Aristotle, modeled after his teacher Plato, and is also known as the School of Liberty. Originally built as a playground for the training of new soldiers, the site includes a temple dedicated to Apollo in Lycion, and many boulevards adorned with trees, fountains, and columns. Perhaps it was because of these boulevards for walking that their school received the name of the Wanderers, and not because Aristotle himself liked to walk around, as one said, to lecture while walking. He continued to lecture in Athens for thirteen years. It was not until 323 BC that Aristotle fled Athens on charges of ungodliness, and he died a year later.

Alexander saw two statues of the Muses at the door, with two rows of Doric columns, a total of twelve, and Alexander could not help but think of the great sculptor Lysippus, who was the sculptor of Alexander the Great, but did not know where he was now.

"Kid, what's the matter with you?" A man in his forties interrupted Alexander's thoughts at the door.

"Find someone."

"Who's looking for?"

"Find your principal."

"Looking for the principal?"

"What are you looking for from the principal? Are you a relative of the principal? ”

"It's not."

"So what are you looking for him?

"That's not what you're supposed to ask." Alexander began to get impatient: "Tell your headmaster to come out, or take me to your headmaster." ”

"Oh, boy, how old are you, why are you just dragging like this, eh?"

"I'm just telling you the truth, you don't have any opinions about me because of the way I speak or the tone of my voice, you just do what I want."

"Who do you think you are? Does the principal say that you can see it when you see it? ”

"Can you see it like that?" Alexander took out a silver coin of 4 drachmas and looked at the doorman arrogantly.

The doorman's eyes suddenly lit up, and he thought: This is more than a week's salary! But then he said with an embarrassed face: "This doesn't seem like a good thing, right?" ”

"This is not a bribe for you, you help me pass it on, and I should give some remuneration, I can't let you work for me in vain, I'm embarrassed! So you just take it, there doesn't seem to be anyone else here. Alexander reassured.

The doorman looked around obscenely, and then said with a smile: "You really understand things! Don't worry, I'll let you know, but there's a guest here today, and the director is talking to him, so I don't know if he'll be able to come and see you. ”

"Then you will let him come to me." Alexander took out another silver coin and handed it to him.

The doorman was stunned for a long time, but finally came back to his senses, quickly swallowed his saliva, put his hands in front of him, Alexander let go of his finger, and the silver coin fell into his hand.

"I guess you might as well come with me directly, and I'll take you to meet our principal." The doorman returned to his normal state, led Alexander into the school, and explained to him all the way, Alexander also learned that his name was Arimas, and the guest who came today was Epicurus.

Pedersen once said that Lycéen was the first university school in antiquity, and the link between teaching and research established in this school immediately proved its efficiency, and soon became a model for such institutions elsewhere. When I saw it today, Alexander finally understood that the area of the school was much larger than Plato's, equipped with a library, a museum, and laboratories for scientific research. During the expedition of Alexander the Great, he always had to send some materials to his teachers for research, which were of a wide range of kinds, most of which were unique to the East, and thus made a great contribution to the study of Aristotle. …,

Alexander had been walking with Arimas for a long time, and had admired the view, but he had not seen the headmaster he had hoped to see, when he saw a young man not yet twenty years old in a daze under the shade of the trees.

"Hey, Stratu, do you see the principal?"

"Huh?" The young man was suddenly disturbed and seemed overwhelmed.

"I ask if you see the principal?" Arimas asked impatiently, thinking that the young man in front of him was dumbfounded, and that he must have no future interest. But what he didn't know was that this man would be the successor of Theophrastus.

"Oh, just now I saw the master and Epicurus talking near the temple of Apollo, and I wonder if they are still there." The young man reacted and said embarrassedly.

"Strato?!"

"Yes, his name is Stratu." Arimas explained, "Let's go, the head must be walking and chatting again, just like the sage Aristotle." ”

"What are you thinking?" Alexander was momentarily interested, and walked towards Stratu.

"I'm thinking about something." Strato turned to Alexander, then smiled: "Forget it, I told you that you don't understand, even I don't quite understand." After saying that, he thought again.

"Can you tell me what you're thinking?" Alexander asked intentionally to order the young man in front of him.

"Are you interested?"

"Well, there is an ancient empire in the East called China, and there is a sage in their country who once said that 'there must be my teacher in the threesome'. You see, there are exactly three of us here, so there must be one person who can be your teacher. ”

"Hahaha, are you so confident that you can be my teacher at such an old age? Why are you? ”

"People know different things differently depending on their circumstances. The so-called hearing has a sequence, and there is a specialization in the art industry, and that's it. Alexander continued: "The scholars of the ancients must have teachers. Teachers, preaching and receiving karma to solve doubts. If people are not born to know, how can they be free from confusion? If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, you will not be able to solve it because of confusion. ”

Alexander quoted the words of Han Yu's "Shi Shuo", which is very incisive. Strato thought about it for a long time before he realized it. I was shocked in my heart, I didn't expect such a young child to have such knowledge, I have been studying philosophy for so long, and a child's casual words are so incisive, I can't help but admire it greatly, so I become attached to it.

"What you said is very reasonable, in fact, just now I was wondering if there is a soul in this world?"

Suffice it to say that a man dies like a lamp goes out, and his flesh will soon decay. He will no longer exert any force on the world, and his influence will be limited to what he did during his lifetime. ”

"And how do you prove it?"

"When have you seen or heard someone say that after someone dies, their soul kills someone or possesses someone's body, or what sound does it make?"

"Nope." Stratou shook his head.

"Have you ever seen a god? Does he really appear in front of you in broad daylight, not in your mind or in your dreams? Who else has seen it? ”

"Not either."

"Yes, everything is illusory, claiming to be the son of a god or inheriting the will of a god is just a nonsense made up by some ruling class to deceive the common people and make them subjugated, and it is the world that is too ignorant to believe in the gods and ghosts." Alexander spoke generously, oblivious to the changes in their faces.

"You say so, the great Alexander the Great is a liar, the god Amun does not exist, and the so-called son of the god Amun is even more vain, isn't it?"

"No, he is not a liar, he is the son of the god Amun, and he is also a descendant of Achilles and Hercles (Olympias is a descendant of Achilles, and Philip is a descendant of Hercules). Because the people need it, the whole Greek world needs it. It is because of this belief that there is a cohesion that has never been felt before, and the Corinthian League is a proof of this. Despite separatists such as Demosthenes, the Panhellenic alliance and the war of revenge against Persia advocated by the great Isocrates were eventually completed at the hands of Philip II and Alexander the Great, and the Macedonian army was able to sweep across Asia and reach India. Alexander said inconsistencies in righteous terms.

"Hahaha!" …,

Not far away, there was the sound of a man's laughter, and I saw a bearded old man smiling very brightly, and next to him was a young man in his early twenties who was also smiling.

"Principal!" Strato and Arimas shouted in unison.

Alexander looked at the two people in the distance, and his heart was extremely excited, they are both figures who have influenced future generations for thousands of years, in addition to being famous materialists, Theophrastus is a far-reaching scientist, and Epicurus is a great philosopher. Although their achievements at this time were far from being as high as later, the impact on Zhao Ming's soul was still great, and he was able to communicate face-to-face with the two great philosophers, and he was so happy in his heart. Even if some of his philosophical concepts and scientific knowledge are far ahead of them, he has not studied them systematically after all, especially philosophy, although he has read a lot of books, his mind is still full of mud, not to mention that he is from the 21st century, and he really has nothing to be proud of. But to convince them to serve themselves, you have to give them a great deterrent.

Concentrate:

1 Demosthenes (384-322 BC), the greatest statesman, orator and orator of ancient Greece, commander of the allied Greek army. Born in Athens, Greece, in 384 BC to a family of weapons manufacturers. When he was 7 years old, his father died, leaving behind a huge amount of property that was embezzled by his guardian. When Demosthenes came of age, he decided to file a complaint with the court. Although he was weak, he was very strong-willed, and in order to overcome the problems of stuttering and slurred words that he had since childhood, he went to the beach to practice his voice against the waves, put pebbles in his mouth to correct his pronunciation, climbed mountains to increase lung capacity, and practiced posture in front of the mirror. After diligent practice, he finally became the world's recognized number one orator in ancient and modern times. After that, he wrote pleadings on behalf of others for a long time, like a lawyer in later generations, and devoted himself to politics, leading the Athenian people in their struggle against the Macedonian kingdom for nearly 30 years. In October 322 B.C.E., when Antipater marched into Athens, Timosthenes abandoned the city and fled. On October 12, seeing that there was no hope of recovering the country, he committed suicide by poisoning himself in Croatia. Later, the Athenians erected a bronze statue of him as a tribute to his loyalty.

2 Isocrates (436-338 BC), was a famous educator of the late classical era in Greece. He came from a wealthy Athenian slave-owning family, was a student of Protagoras and Gorgias the wise, and had a teacher-student relationship with Socrates. Although he violently attacked the declining education of the wise men at that time, he was confined to the accusation of moral personality, and could not be deeply refuted theoretically like Plato; In fact, Isocrates also largely inherited the educational tradition of the Sophists, teaching rhetoric and eloquence primarily with the mission of training orators. Isocrates wrote many speeches during his lifetime, the most famous of which are "Dedication to the All-Greek Event" and "Dedication to the Panathenaeum". Most of his speeches were political essays, rhetorical essays, and court debates expressing his political views. From these speeches, we can see that Isocrates had a strong patriotic spirit, and he constantly praised the glorious history of the Greeks, especially the Athenians, and hoped that Greece would become a strong unified country, stop the civil war, unite with the outside world, fight the war to Asia, and bring back the wealth of the East to solve the contradictions within the Greek city-states. Isocrates fought for this political ideal all his life. In the past, some historians believed that his political ideals fully exposed the aggressive ambitions of the slave-owning ruling class, while others now believe that Isocrates' ideal of a unified country that would transcend the city-states was in line with the development process of Greek society.