Cong Lan, who was born as a Jinshi, was also a knowledgeable person, and he could be sure that these three words did not appear in the ancient texts.

Cong Lan wanted to stand up at this moment and ask what the three words Zhang Xuan meant by the left attendant of the ministry, but he still restrained this impulse.

Because the officialdom rules of the Ming Dynasty told him that this was the Beijing teacher, he was ordered to enter Beijing to learn the way of governing the country, and the first thing to do was to abide by the rules and abide by the class rules explained in advance by Zhang Zhang, the left attendant of the Ministry of Officials, that is, you must raise your hand to get the consent of the lecturer before speaking.

Cong Lan raised his hand, to be honest, he was also very shocked by this way of teaching in his heart, he also went to a private school when he was a child, but basically it was a room with a few desks, the gentleman shook his head and read on it, the student shook his head and read it below, and the portrait of the Holy Master was hung in the middle.

But where is it like now, a classroom with a ladder on one side high and a low on the other, and on each step is a long row of wooden tables and stools, which can do dozens or even hundreds of students at a time, because the teacher who lectured was at the lowest place on the ladder, which always gave Cong Lan a feeling that her students were looking down on the teacher, which made Cong Lan very uncomfortable.

But in any case, this is the arrangement of the imperial court, and Cong Lan can only listen carefully.

When Zhang Xuan saw Cong Lan raise his hand, he also motioned for Cong Lan to stand up and speak.

Cong Lan stood up and saluted Zhang Xuan first: "Dare to ask Mr., I don't know where the words human rights, the state, and the separation of powers come from, and what are the meanings?" ”

Zhang Xuan is now in charge of teaching political science at the National Academy of Administration, and Cong Lan is naturally called Mr.

However, Zhang Xuan did not entrust himself because he was a teacher at the National Academy of Administration, after all, Cong Lan was still one grade higher than him in terms of official rank, so he smiled and said:

"Cong Gong, please sit down, these three words are from the royal mouth, there is no canon to check, as for what the meaning, Zhang will talk about it in detail later, I hope you will listen to it carefully, but you need to listen to Zhang before you can raise your hand to speak, otherwise you can't finish speaking, and after Zhang finishes speaking, I will leave time for you to ask and discuss."

Zhang Xuan began to explain as he spoke.

And Cong Lan was already suspicious in her heart: "There is no canon to check, from the mouth of His Majesty?" Can the words of His Majesty also be taught as the words of a saint? ”

Not only Cong Lan was stunned, but other officials who came to the National Academy of Administration were also shocked, they had never known that they had only learned to study and learn the words of a sage, but they never knew that a sage was His Majesty the Emperor, and they wanted to learn the words of His Majesty the Emperor.

However, due to the power of the imperial power and the order of morality, they did not dare to despise it and had to listen carefully.

But the more Cong Lan and other civil officials listened, the more shocked they became, they were shocked that His Majesty would actually make these remarks, and they couldn't help but think, why does Your Majesty emphasize human rights, does Your Majesty want us courtiers to realize that we also have rights? What is the understanding of the words of the sage who is the ruler of the minister, the father of the son, the husband of the wife, the king wants the minister to die, and the minister has to die, if we really want to pay attention to this human right, then wouldn't it make us resist the decree and die? Your Majesty, is this going to make us rebel against him?

Cong Lan felt that this theory was ridiculous, but he felt that there was some truth, but this was Jingshi, and the person who taught in front of him was Zhang Xuan, the left servant of His Majesty's favored ministers, and he didn't dare to say or listen, so he could only continue to study patiently.

In fact, it is no wonder that Cong Lan and other civil officials were surprised.

After all, this kind of enlightenment idea that opened up modern civilization has also been established and matured over a long period of time from the seventeenth century to the eighteenth century.

In this era of believing in the divine right of kings, no one would have thought of the concept that the monarchy is granted by the people, or even the concept of the state, or even the concept that the state is made up of the people.

Cong Lan and other civil officials had a lot of questions, and they seemed to have gained a lot at once, and they discovered for the first time that there was the concept of a country outside the dynasty.

"The dynasty belongs to the royal family, but the state belongs to everyone! The affairs of the dynasty are sought by meat eaters such as kings and ministers; And the affairs of the country are planned by the people of the world, and the husband is also responsible! ”

Zhang Xuan's words shocked Cong Lan and other civil officials who had studied further, since they received their education, they had studied self-cultivation and Qi family to rule the country and level the world, but to be honest, they had never thought about the relationship between the dynasty and the country.

In their opinion, they are loyal to the Zhu Ming Dynasty because they are the ministers of Zhu Ming and keep their duties, but if they are the ministers of the former Yuan, it is also their duty to serve the former Yuan Emperor, but they didn't expect that today they knew that there was a country above the original dynasty, and this country was called Huaxia!

Zhu Houzhao was also standing outside the window at this time looking at the shocked appearance of these civil officials, instilling national consciousness and national consciousness in the people of this era is the fundamental purpose of his establishment of the National School of Administration, and even the fundamental purpose of his original establishment of Beijing Normal University, he does not want to be hundreds of years later, if China encounters another foreign invasion, the Han people still think that it is just a change of dynasty, and even regard being a traitor as obedience to the mandate of heaven, so that the national heroes who resist the invasion have become sinners who hinder reunification.

However, when Zhu Houzhao saw Cong Lan and other civil officials showing the same shock as when he preached the ideas of human rights and the state to Zhang Xuan, Xia Yan and others, he did not feel as excited as he did at the beginning.

Because, now Zhu Houzhao has understood that simply changing the thinking of a few civil officials has no significant effect on the general environment.

For example, after Zhang Xuan and Xia Yan accepted their own ideas, they still had to follow the rules of this era, and went to be the governor of the county to deal with problems according to the ethical rules of this society, and if they did not deal with problems according to the ethical rules of this society, they would be resisted by the whole society.

For example, parents who kill their children do not need to be sentenced to death, and the people can accept it.

However, if the children and grandchildren kill their parents, they need to be put to death, and if they do not deal with it, the people will not accept it, because the idea that filial piety is greater than heaven is deeply rooted in this era, and parents can be forgiven for killing their children.

Zhang Xuan didn't feel very happy to see that these civil officials in front of him were so shocked, and he could understand that it was normal for these people to be shocked at the moment, but he also had to admit that as His Majesty said, even if they knew this truth, they couldn't change anything, because the people didn't have this consciousness, and they didn't need to have this consciousness at present.

Zhang Xuan still clearly remembers the snow disaster in Dongshengcheng in Hetao in the seventh year of Zhengde, after he transferred 30,000 stone of grain to help the army and the people, the soldiers and the people were just grateful to themselves and felt that they were a good official, although Zhang Xuan himself said that this was what he should do, but the people were still grateful to themselves like grateful Bodhisattvas, and without the consciousness that they were also the masters of the country, he had the right to accept the consciousness of national services.

But in fact, only Zhang Xuan himself knew that he only used a small part of the taxes collected from these soldiers and civilians to buy grain to help them.

Zhu Houzhao also knows that enlightening the people's wisdom is a long process, and it takes a lot of time to let the people understand that they are giving their power to this country, and letting this country manage themselves is to let this country serve themselves, safeguard the public interests of the nation, safeguard their own property and life safety, and protect their own freedom.

But Zhu Houzhao had to let the rulers of this country know where their power comes from, and let them know that after they have state power, they will serve the entire nation and the people.

Because in essence, it is the nation of this nation that accepts your rule and gives you the power to manage the people by paying taxes, and you have the power of the state and take the people's money, you have to do things for the people, you have to do things for the people.

Zhu Houzhao admits that it is a long process to let the common people understand this truth, and judging from the historical experience he knows, it is impossible to do it within a hundred years, that is to say, within a hundred years, no matter how much he tosses, he will not be able to change the fact that he will still be a dictatorial monarch.

This is no way, the people of the Ming Dynasty can only accept the rule of the dictatorial king, they are only used to the rule of a good emperor and good officials, you let them elect to decide who will rule them, they do not have this consciousness and even feel unnecessary, and the empire is so huge, they do not have the energy to choose a ruler who is satisfied with themselves from tens of millions of people.

The same is true of Zhang Xuan and other civil officials, although they have now accepted the idea of the so-called monarchy and people, and began to think that it was the people of China who chose the people of the Zhu family to be the emperor in the late Yuan Dynasty and became the kings of themselves and countless Chinese people, but he still has no reason not to obey the rule of the current Emperor Zhengde, and he also knows that if he does not obey, he will be regarded as a great rebel by the people of the whole world!

Therefore, although Zhu Houzhao has killed civil officials, Zhang Xuan and other civil officials have already understood this truth after accepting the idea of the monarch's power grant, and even they have already understood this truth, and the civil officials all over the world do not really believe in the divine authority of the monarchy, but they still will not rebel, because they know that the people's hearts of the Ming Dynasty are still there, and now that they accept Zhu Houzhao's thoughts, they are more aware that the people of the empire are still willing to give up the power to rule them to the Ming Emperor Zhu Houzhao, this power is given by the people, and they can't deny it at all.

Zhang Xuan and other civil officials knew that the only time they could deny the illegality of the emperor's rule was when the emperor abandoned the people, when the emperor ignored the interests of the people and took care of his own pleasure, and when the emperor did not use the power given by the people to serve the people and the nation of the country.

But His Majesty the current emperor has not taken into account the interests of the people, and has even been working for the welfare of the people, and they are naturally unable to deny the emperor.

Because of this, Zhu Houzhao is not worried that his spreading of these so-called advanced ideas will affect his rule, because he knows that even if the people of the Ming Dynasty have this thought, they will not overthrow him, because he has been fulfilling his duties as an emperor.

Of course, if you want to enslave the people of the world, and do not fulfill your duty as the supreme ruler to work for the welfare of the people, you will also be abandoned by the people, and the kings of the past dynasties have proved this truth.

On the contrary, if there is a careerist who tries to overthrow himself as emperor by violence and enslave the people of the world, he will be opposed even more strongly by many more people.

At this time, Liu Jin, who was the celebrant of the ceremonial supervisor, hurriedly ran over: "Your Majesty, King Ning is reversed!" ”

Zhu Houzhao didn't feel much shock, in his opinion, he was just a careerist who only wanted to overthrow himself as the master of the world, and it was impossible to get the support of the people of this era, so he only replied lightly: "I know!" ”