About Chapter 17 The story is brief: Liangzhou Assassin History Zhang Liang, Zhang Yu and his son protect the territory and the people, and respect the orthodoxy of the Jin Dynasty. At the time of the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty. Zhang Wei finally sent the edict of succession to Jianye to help Sima Rui establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and at this time, Liangzhou was like a paradise, strong and gradually became an independent kingdom.

This story also illustrates that as a local family, it is more conscientious than the central family. This is not to say how noble the local families are, mainly because the local families are closer to the people at the bottom, and they know that their family interests are closely related to the local people. Zhang's former Liang regime fully illustrates this point, and the division of the former Liang regime was named by later historians according to the independent state of Liangzhou, in fact, Zhang's Liangzhou only in a short period of time, is self-proclaimed statehood. Most of the rulers of Liangzhou claimed to be magistrates of the Jin Dynasty. In this way, it not only conforms to feudal etiquette morally, but also greatly hides itself strategically, so that few wars can burn to Liangzhou, and the rulers in the early stage of the former Liang regime are even more committed to the ancestral precept of protecting the territory and the people. Therefore, the Qianliang regime was relatively stable, and it was the local regime that enjoyed the country for the longest time among the sixteen countries.

For a long time, the establishment time of Qianliang was determined in 301 A.D., when Zhang Liang served as the assassin of Liangzhou, and I think it is not accurate to use 301 A.D. as the founding time of Qianliang, for the following reasons:

First, it is recognized that the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms period began and ended from 304 A.D. to 439 A.D., while the establishment time of the Former Liang regime was 301 A.D., and the former Liang was also a secession regime during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, so the beginning and end time of the Sixteen Kingdoms period is not accurate.

Second, in 301 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty was relatively stable, although the Eight Kings Rebellion had begun, but it was still in the early stages, the Western Jin Dynasty as the central power, the control of the local was quite effective, in 304 AD, the establishment of the Han Dynasty and the Han Zhao, at this time the Western Jin Dynasty was about to disintegrate, unable to implement effective management of the locality, and there was no problem with 304 AD as the beginning of the Sixteen Kingdoms period.

Third, Zhang Liang was appointed by the Jin Dynasty to assassinate the history of Liangzhou, Liangzhou should not be counted as a secession regime at this time, because Zhang's father and son governed Liangzhou with remarkable results, and the king of Qin had meritorious service, in 314 AD, Zhang Liang died of illness, and his son Zhang Yu was appointed by the Jin Dynasty Emperor Sima Ye as the Liangzhou Assassin History, which can not be counted as the time of the former Liang state.

Fourth, after Guanzhong was occupied by the Han and Zhao Empires, Liangzhou had become an enclave of the Jin Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River.

Therefore, I think that the time of the founding of the former Liang should be set in 316 AD, that is, the time of the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, even so, the state of the former Liang is the longest secession of the regime in the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms.

In a feudal dynasty where the noble landlord class was the ruling class. The clans in charge of the region often surpass those in the central government in virtue and ability. From the beginning of the Three Kingdoms to the end of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the various feudal dynasties in this period of history were supported by the central and local families. However, many of the politicians who are strategizing are basically from local families. Sima Yi in the Three Kingdoms period, Zhang Bin in the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and Cui Hao in the Northern Wei Dynasty were all born in the local family, but the politicians from the central family are rarely famous, I guess this is because the local family is in charge of the local area, and they understand the suffering of the people, so they are often closer to the later Shu landlord class in terms of political ideas, but when the local family begins to divide and become the new central power, it will also break away from the place and the people. Therefore, it is impossible for the dynasty and country in which the noble landlord class is in power to have a long-term national fortune.

During the war-torn period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, it was not easy for a country to emerge that was divided by the ancestors of the Han people, and the nomads divided the Central Plains into two. Guandong belongs to the Qianren Shile, Guanzhong belongs to the Xiongnu Han Zhao, and the two sides fight openly and secretly, and Liangzhou still belongs to the territory of the Jin Dynasty in name, and the ruler works hard to protect the territory and the people, so the Central Plains is full of wolves, and the lives are devastated, and a large number of Han ancestors in the Central Plains have entered Liangzhou, which has laid a good foundation for the development of China's northwest region. Guzang, the capital of Liangzhou, that is, today's Wuwei City, Gansu Province, has become an important town in the northwest region at that time, even today, Wuwei City is still known as the eleventh ancient capital of China, which sounds a little funny, but it is an indisputable fact that during the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the former Liang regime with Guzang as the capital promoted the development of the northwest region by our Central Plains Dynasty.

Since the Xiongnu who dominated the northern Mongolian steppe began to decline, its tribes either moved west or south, and the Xianbei people became the masters of the northern Mongolian steppe, but with the continuous improvement of productivity, the population of nomads is also gradually growing, and the Mongolian steppe in the north is difficult to bear so much population pressure, and in the face of the competition of various interests, then there are many nomadic tribes who migrate to the relatively stable northwest region for nomadic life.

Through the Qianliang regime established by the Zhang family, you can know that the various tribes of the nomads in the northwest region at that time were actually very weak, or that the various tribes of the nomads in the northwest region were still in a relatively ignorant state, and they did not know about the establishment of the country independently, and the Zhang family still had a relatively easy grasp of them, but with the stability and prosperity of the Liangzhou of the Zhang family, the small tribes of these nomads naturally began to develop and grow, and by the middle and late stages of the Sixteen Kingdoms. These small tribes of nomads also took advantage of the rapid decline of the Central Plains Dynasty after the Battle of Weishui, began to become strong and embarked on the road of independent statehood. But even so, the various countries they established were equally weak in strength and were not opponents of the Central Plains Dynasty at all. After the former Liang, the four small kingdoms of Houliang, Beiliang, Nanliang and Xiliang, which were active in the northwest region, were all created by nomadic people, so the governance of the country and the construction of the system were far inferior to the Zhang family from the Liangzhou family.

Nomadic in the northwest of these small tribes, the most famous is the Turkic, in the Tang Dynasty famous minister Sun Wuji compiled the Sui book, the Turkic ancestors are from the Liangzhou nomadic tribe at that time, and then in the destruction of the Northern Liang, fled to Rouran, nomadic in the Altai Mountains, and became the ironworker of Rouran, for Rouran to cast weapons.

I guess that these about the origin of the Turks, it should be said that Ashina is in a state of primitive society, about myths and national origins, abound in historical books, any nation, their origins are accompanied by mythological stories. The myths and stories of our Han ancestors are even more familiar to everyone, for example, Pangu opened the world, Nuwa made up the sky, Nuwa created people, etc., in fact, if you explore in detail, these myths and stories can also fully explain some problems.

For example, in the myths about the Turks, it is said that the Turks are the descendants of wolves, but in fact, the main body of the Turks, Ashina, should be a steppe tribe with wolves as totems, and this myth is more like the origin of the Romans. In fact, in many nomadic tribes, most of the tribes take animals as totems, because wolves live in packs and are fierce, so many nomadic tribes take wolves as totems, and it is understandable that Ashina uses wolves as totems. Because the Turks were once strong, there were people who studied it. And those small tribes with wolves as totems have been drowned in the vast river of history. The strong will always be respected, remembered, and remembered, and the weak will always be forgotten.

The former ryo regime seems to be weak and aimed to protect the territory and the people, so it is often forgotten by people, but I think that the former ryo has made a great contribution to our country. The rulers of the former Liang regime are actually constantly expanding, but in the face of the powerful nomads entering the Central Plains, the Central Plains region has gone through thousands of years of development, after all, it is a prosperous population and developed productivity, while Liangzhou is vast and sparsely populated, in the face of the powerful Central Plains countries, Zhang's Liangzhou is powerless to return to the sky, so the rulers of the former Liang put their main energy on the Western Regions, which is our Xinjiang region today. Especially when the fourth generation of Liangzhou assassin Zhang Jun succeeded to the throne, Liangzhou under his rule was already rich and strong, and Zhang Jun sent troops to the Western Regions. The countries of the Western Regions in the late Eastern Han Dynasty when the world was in turmoil, have broken away from the control of the Central Plains Dynasty, it has been nearly a hundred years, Zhang Jun Enwei and Shi, and finally made the Western Regions surrender, continuing the Han Wu Emperor through the Western Regions, the Central Plains Dynasty's control of the Western Regions, although few people know, but he completely classified the Xinjiang region into the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty, for Xinjiang to become an inseparable part of our country, providing a historical basis, and continuing the control of the later feudal dynasties over the Xinjiang region. Even later dynasties had times of decline, and the Western Regions countries either rebelled or reverted, but when the feudal dynasties flourished, they all placed the Western Regions under the jurisdiction of the central government.

In other words, during the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was full of wars, Xinjiang was still controlled by our Han ancestors, which also shows that Xinjiang from the Western Han Dynasty to the present, after more than 2,000 years, all belong to the territory of our country, so all the ethnic groups living in Xinjiang are also the outstanding sons and daughters of our Chinese nation, which is the most beautiful gift left to us today by the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the former Liang regime, this weak feudal small kingdom.