Dingjun's research on electricity, the beginning is not too late, electricity is the power after the steam power, after the emergence of convenience, with convenience and conversion higher, replaced the steam power, has become the mainstream of the whole world, from the end of the 19th century, until the 21st century, electricity has also become an important indicator to measure the strength of a country.

Electricity is not very difficult, the current itself is in nature, considerable, if we talk about violent current collision, then we must say that the lightning in the thundershower, whether it is a strip lightning, or a ball lightning, these to the 21st century, not used.

In the era of energy scarcity in later generations, the power of thunder and lightning in a large number of thundershowers was wasted in vain, making many people very hot, almost the entire earth every second, there are 100 lightning flashes, and the energy contained in each lightning is equivalent to hundreds of watts, that is, every second, there are at least tens of thousands of watts of electricity.

However, the location of lightning is uncertain, and each lightning time is too short, a few seconds, lightning will complete the collision of positive and negative charges, and finally release energy, this kind of fast and uncontrollable energy, it is difficult to observe, even in the 21st century, the whole world, for the nature of lightning, is also half-understood, let alone the Northern Song Dynasty.

Of course, Zhao Xin does not study the formation mechanism of lightning, but in daily life, I don't know how much electricity appears, for example, a comb, rubbing against the scalp, can absorb fine confetti, for example, wearing some fur clothes, when it is dry in winter, it will produce static electricity.

These are the manifestations of electricity under different conditions, which can be used as part of the study of electricity, as early as the beginning, after settling down in the Daimyo's Mansion and having some literate scholars, Zhao Xin has begun to conduct targeted research on them.

From static electricity, to current, to the generation of electricity, for the development of electricity in the whole world, this will be a relatively long process, but in fact, Zhao Xin's consultation directly ignored various barriers, and solved the problem of electricity generation from the very beginning.

Zhao Xin is a doctor, a liberal arts student, and the study of history is his specialty, but he can be admitted from an ordinary village, which symbolizes the pinnacle of China, Peking University, and the knowledge of middle school is quite solid, not to mention, after going to Peking University, in the four years of undergraduate, in order to subsidize his life, he also worked as a tutor for about 4 years.

Mathematics, physics and chemistry itself is a difficult point for many weaker students, and these are also the focus of Zhao Xin as a tutor.

In middle school physics, classical mechanics, as the foundation of physics, is of course the most important part, but as a part of the integration with daily life, electricity is also an important part of it.

Is it simple to generate electricity, if it simply refers to starting from scratch, it is really simple, the physics knowledge at the beginning of learning is illustrated by the process of generating electricity, the conductor cuts the magnetic field lines, and the current contains energy, which can be released through various machines and act on various machines.

It's as simple as that, it's a basic principle that is taught in middle school, and it's something that anyone who has studied physics in middle school will never forget.

Zhao Xin even did the experiment of the generator himself, of course, it was a small, simple generator prepared by the school, using a conductor to cut the magnetic field lines of a permanent magnet, and then emitting a weak current, in the process of rotating, to supply energy to the bulb, so that the bulb lit up.

In the whole middle school experiment, a key point is the result, whether it is a chemical experiment, or a physical experiment, there will be an intuitive result, chemistry requires discoloration, the production of insoluble solids in solution, or sound and light effects and other more violent reactions, physics is manifested in the results that can be seen by the naked eye, those who need to use tools, or reagents, to finally judge the results, that is a higher level of experiments will be used.

A simple generator, the material of which is not difficult to find at all.

Conductors, almost all metals are conductors, the difference is the strength of electrical conductivity, such as aluminum, copper, and silver, these are all conductors, can also be used in generators.

Needless to say, before the electrolysis method, natural aluminum almost did not exist, but copper and silver were a lot.

At the beginning, Zhao Xin chose silver, which has excellent conductivity, and the reason why it was not used on a large scale in later generations was because it was too expensive, costing a few dollars per gram for wires, and it was not too expensive to afford.

Even in high-end equipment, silver is mostly used to make a few solder joints, and it is impossible to use silver for all parts.

Under the premise that silver naturally exists and can be easily synthesized out, Zhao Xin of course uses silver, and even extravagantly, not only for conductors, but also for wires.

In order to train a few material talents, Dingjun spent more than 25 million guan, electricity is a more important field than materials, even if it is a start, one or two million guan is no problem.

The conductor is made of silver, and the magnetic field lines are easier, China has a lot of land and resources, and there are many outputs of various minerals, but in the iron and steel, there is not much iron-rich ore in China, and it has to import a large number of Australian iron ore in the 21st century.

But when it comes to magnets, China is not ordinary, and almost most of the iron-producing mines will produce magnetite.

China will not only use magnetite to smelt iron, but also apply it to traditional Chinese medicine, which is a natural mineral and is important and will be smashed and used.

At the beginning of materials science, Zhao Xin collected a large number of various minerals through caravans all over the Northern Song Dynasty, including some natural magnets and magnetite, and after screening, selected the strongest magnetic force as the raw materials for making generators.

Natural magnets, of course, are not as good as permanent magnets, and the strength of magnetic field lines is of different orders of magnitude, but Zhao Xin is currently not forcibly making generators, just a verification process.

With conductors, magnets, and wires and the like, electricity can definitely be generated.

It's just that such natural magnets and magnets have limited magnetic force, and the current generated by the method of cutting magnetic field lines is very weak, not to mention pushing the motor to work, even if it is a small light bulb, it is a little difficult.

But no matter how you say it, electricity is still generated, as an important aspect of physics, as the most important energy source in the future, even if it is from scratch, Zhao Xin will promote the development of electricity, not to mention, in the theory of middle school, electricity, is also a focus.

Countless physicists, with hundreds of years, gradually accumulated, and some even risked flying kites in thunderstorms to find some characteristics of electricity, which were brought by Zhao Xin, who was standing on the shoulders of giants, and this is the advantage of the traverser.

In addition to verifying the current, Zhao Xin also did another experiment in the middle school physics experiment, that is, the battery experiment.

A very important feature of electricity, that is, it can not be stored, the electricity generated, either wasted, or used, there is no other way, maybe some batteries can be stored, but the total amount is still small, the development of the 21st century, more in the energy ratio of the battery, there must be a certain energy density of the battery, only by the usability.

Zhao Xin now, of course, it is impossible to make such a cost-effective one, even if he knows that the development of batteries, from lead-acid batteries, nickel-chromium batteries, lithium batteries, etc., but those higher-level batteries, most of them are compounds, and even aluminum alloy has not made much progress under the premise that it has entered nickel-chromium alloy, or lithium alloy, isn't that fatal?

In the verification process of the middle school experiment, the original volt battery was composed of a silver plate and a zinc plate, and they were soaked in salt water to be charged, and then the lead-zinc battery was used, which was used more in later generations.

The toxicity of lead is too great, under the premise that the system and protection are not up to standard, Zhao Xin will not rashly enter the field of lead and zinc, and the initial volt battery is still okay.

The silver of the Northern Song Dynasty was relatively expensive, but in the laboratory, even a hundred and thousands of dollars were not taken into account, and the cost was still acceptable for power research.

The emergence of volt batteries, so that the electric energy can be gathered, although the electric energy of volt batteries is very small, but a large number of manufacturing, the total reserves are still a lot, and then a large number of batteries, in parallel, plus some experiments, you can carry out some electrolysis experiments.

Electrolysis, like heating and transpiration, is also a commonly used reaction method in later generations, compared with heating and transpiration, electrolysis can play more things, many of which were difficult to achieve before.

Some chemical experiments on electrolysis can also be carried out, the most important of which is electrolytic aluminum.

Aluminum alloy is the second largest alloy field after ferroalloy, compared with the heaviness of ferroalloy, aluminum alloy is relatively light, but it also has the general performance of steel, and is mostly used in fields with relatively high weight requirements.

With aluminum, plus some trace elements, aluminum alloy was born, but unfortunately it is at most recorded in the card system.

Perhaps, in the future, after the transformation of stainless steel from the laboratory to industrial production, aluminum alloy will be used instead of stainless steel to produce Dinghai coins, which will be an important use of aluminum alloy, but before that, aluminum alloy is still placed in the laboratory and continues to accumulate data.

Electrolysis is a specific method, and many experiments that cannot be done can also be done, for example, electrolysis of various acids and alkaline waters, or solutions of some compounds, to produce a special element.

However, the hand-cranked generator has limited power and the voltage is not high, so it must be connected in parallel through the battery to be able to carry out a certain experiment, and in general, the efficiency is not very high.

Electricity is destined to be a kind of accumulation in the future, and even with the help of electricity, electrolytic aluminum, the leap from ferroalloy to aluminum alloy has been completed, but under the condition that there is no way to manufacture electricity on a large scale, the output of electrolytic aluminum is destined to be low.

In the 21st century, electrolytic aluminum is also known as a high-energy-consuming industry, even if the price of aluminum is not high, but any electrolytic aluminum plant is strictly controlled, not to mention now, relying on simple hand-cranked generators Dingjun.

In an era when the steam engine was not perfected, electricity was destined to be a taste.

With electricity, and other methods, for the in-depth study of petroleum, some organic matter began to appear in the laboratories of the Dinghai Navy.

Some organic compounds, these are mostly obtained from cracking oil, and are still in the process of exploring, many times, the finished products produced are still mixed together, if it is not for the terrible card system, it can not be separated, in general research, this kind of mixed together, the product of low precision is a failure, but for the card system, this is an extreme harvest.

In the present, the entire Dinghai Navy is a relatively deformed development model, everything is based on Zhao Xin and the card system, if there is no card system and Zhao Xin, it is not necessarily to return to the original form, but it will be greatly weakened.

The steel mill has been built and there are skilled workers, but the catalysts, to be exact, all the high-efficiency and high-grade catalysts, basically, are directly synthesized by the card system, and the natural efficiency is not too high, and the effect is not good.

Aluminum alloy, polymer compounds, these two, basically, is to rely on the card system, these two, in later generations, is not a casual small factory and workshop can produce, the production of aluminum, the need for a huge electrolytic aluminum factory, when the discovery of aluminum, the price of aluminum is even higher than gold, than platinum.

Even the majestic Emperor Napoleon, in order to show luxury in the court, also made a set of aluminum tableware, at that time there was no aluminum ion will be bad for the body, and I did not expect that aluminum will be flooded later, to one or two hundred years later, aluminum pots are almost every family, but also because of the problem of aluminum ions, despised because it is harmful to health.

Not to mention polymer materials, these are basically petrochemical-based projects, which is not a big investment, small-scale can be, the cost is too high, the waste is too big, only on a large scale, not a national project, but also a provincial project.

Zhao Xin can use various methods to complete production in the laboratory, which is already good, and it is even difficult to decompose it.

Regardless of whether it is deformed or not, Zhao Xin believes in a point, take it, as long as you can get it, don't care about the principle, you don't have to let every user stay away from all the machine all night, as long as he can operate it, he can use it.

This card system, even if it is a toy, is a first-class toy hundreds of years later, and the truth contained in it, not to mention that he is a liberal arts student, even if he is an expert with a higher education, he may not understand.

If you give Newton, Einstein, these scientific giants, give them an apple7, can they have fun, it is not a matter of intelligence, it is the relationship between the development of science and the evolution of the times.

Zhao Xin had already given up tracking the distance in the card system, although he knew that figuring out the distance was more useful to him.

For hundreds of years, the gap in the field of technology is not easy to be smoothed out, perhaps this thing, in the future, when the scientific and technological level of the navy is determined to develop to a certain height, it will be used in the future, not now.