About Chapter 62 Story Introduction: After the Houyan Emperor Murong Bao succeeded to the throne, Tuoba Gui, the leader of the Xianbei Tuoba Tribe, personally led a large army to the south to conquer Houyan, along the way, the momentum was like a bamboo, Tuoba Jue's troops pointed directly at Zhongshan, the capital of Houyan, Murong Bao was afraid that Tuoba Jue was strong, and led his cronies to flee to Longcheng, Zhongshan's Houyan army and people resisted desperately, so that Tuoba Jue had to return north first to quell the rebellion, and the following year again besieged Zhongshan, and conquered it in one fell swoop, Tuoba Jue took advantage of the situation to continue south, and the Xianbei Murong nobleman Murong De, who guarded Yecheng, retreated to the slipway in order to preserve his strength, And established himself as the king of Yan and established the Southern Yan regime, since then, the Later Yan Empire was divided into two, and the country declined.

In this story, the Xianbei Tuoba Tribe, which established the Northern Wei regime, under the leadership of the leader Tuoba Jue, defeated the Houyan Empire back to Longcheng, his hometown in the northeast, and the Xianbei Murong nobleman Murong De, who guarded the Yecheng area of the Houyan Empire, took the opportunity to lead his troops to flee to Huatai to stand on his own and establish the Southern Yan regime. From the establishment of the Southern Yan regime, we seem to have a sense of déjà vu, carefully recalling, when the former Qin Empire was in decline, wasn't it precisely the establishment of the Later Liang regime in the Liangzhou region that a part of its main tribe, the Di people, was established? Wasn't the establishment of the Southern Yan regime precisely when the Later Yan Empire was about to collapse, and part of its main tribe, the Xianbei Murong Tribe, embarked on the road of independent statehood? It's just that Lu Guang, the founder of the Later Liang Regime, was not a member of the royal family of the Former Qin Empire, while the founder of the Southern Yan Regime was a member of the royal family of the Later Yan Empire, but these two people were both nobles of their own tribe, and they both had heavy troops in other places. From this, we can see that the relationship between the Houyan Empire and the Southern Yan regime is actually very close to the relationship between the former Qin Empire and the Houliang regime that we said before, that is, when the Xianbei Murong Tribe, which established the Later Yan Empire, was about to complete the sinicization, the Xianbei Murong tribe that remained in the Yecheng area began the road of independent statehood when the Houyan Empire was about to fall and its main tribe was about to die.

In fact, there are many striking similarities between the Houliang regime and the Nanyan regime, firstly, these two regimes were established by nobles who held heavy troops to defend or went to other regions to escape the catastrophe of the country, secondly, both regimes were disintegrated under the blows of other nomads, and thirdly, the main ethnic groups of these two regimes were about to basically complete the sinicization, and finally, the survival pressure of these two regimes was huge. Therefore, I think that the Later Liang regime and the Southern Yan regime are both the Di people and the Xianbei Murong tribe after the basic completion of the sinicization, about to disappear a return to the light, and the Later Liang regime is located in the Liangzhou area of the nomadic people, and the Western Qin regime always wants to seize the Liangzhou region, and the Southern Yan regime is in the gap between the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty to survive, the national strength is weak, the internal and external pressure faced by these two regimes is huge, and it will not survive for too long.

On the occasion of Murong De's establishment of the Southern Yan regime, he had tentatively invited the Later Yan Emperor Murong Bao, who fled back to his hometown in the Liao River Valley, to jointly advance north and south to restore the foundation of the Later Yan Empire, Murong Bao also stupidly led the army south at the invitation of Murong De, but was mutiny by the sergeants of the army he led, and Murong Bao had to flee back to Longcheng again, however, at this time, the prestige of the Later Yan Emperor had already been discredited, and it was difficult to control his subordinates. Murong Bao had to flee to take refuge in Murong Sheng, the defender of Jicheng, and asked Murong Sheng to go to Hebei to recruit troops and horses, in an attempt to make a comeback, but as soon as Murong Sheng left, Lan Han booby-trapped Murong Bao and took control of the power of the Houyan Empire. However, since the great integration of the nationalities in the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms entered the period of continuous integration, due to the continuous and large contact of the nomadic nobles with the Central Plains culture, the Confucian idea of loyalty and patriotism has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, so after the successful usurpation of Fu Jian, there are few successful rebels in the regime established by the nomads in the northern region, so the same is true of the Lan Han of the Later Yan Empire, although he killed Murong Bao, but the nobleman of the Xianbei Murong Department Murong Sheng still completely quelled the rebellion he launched. Murong Sheng, who was born in the royal family, became a hero who set things right and sat on the throne of the emperor of the Houyan Empire.

In fact, from the Northern Wei regime besieged Zhongshan, after Murong Bao fled north to Longcheng, the nobles of the Xianbei Murong Department launched a life-and-death battle around the control of Zhongshan, coupled with the Lanhan rebellion in the Longcheng area, and later we are about to talk about the process of the fall of the Later Yan and Houyan countries, we can see that the once powerful Xianbei Murong Department has completely declined in the sinicization, especially after the Xianbei Murong Department came into contact with the Central Plains culture, its national identity was basically lost, resulting in a sharp decline in the cohesion of its nation. Therefore, in the later period of the Later Yan Empire, civil strife continued, and coups and rebellions occurred from time to time.

In fact, at the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms, these nomadic tribes who basically completed the sinicization in the northern land all had the problem of the disappearance of their own national characteristics and the decline of national cohesion, and then evolved into the regime created by these nomads in which rebellions and coups occurred one after another, but none of these coups and rebellions were successful, which is also because during this period, the nomadic tribes accepted the Central Plains culture and also accepted the Confucian idea of loyalty and patriotism, so that when rebellions and coups occurred, It was always exterminated by the loyal and patriotic forces of the regimes created by these nomads, and finally at the end of the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, coups and rebellions occurred frequently in the various regimes established by the nomads, but it was difficult to have the special situation of those who succeeded.

The reason for this situation is that these nomads who established political power disappeared in the process of sinicization, and the national cohesion was lost, and the patriotic ideology of the Central Plains culture was contradicted by the ideological trend of people's minds caused by the loss of national cohesion. Under the military pressure of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they perished one after another, and their main tribes basically completed the national integration and became the new Han ancestors after losing their national characteristics.

Even said that the Northern Wei Dynasty established by the Xianbei Tuoba Department although it was prosperous for a while, ended the turmoil of the Sixteen Kingdoms, but did not escape the spell of the nomads who established power in the Central Plains, when the Northern Wei Dynasty Xiaowen Emperor Sinicization reform, the national characteristics of the Xianbei Tuoba Department also disappeared, and its internal like the Later Yan Empire at this time, there were rebellions and coups one after another, but because of the Confucian idea of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, it was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. These successful rebels and coups without exception chose to coerce the Son of Heaven to calm the hearts of the people and control the political situation in the way of making the princes, and in the end, the Northern Wei Dynasty split into two puppet regimes in successive rebellions and coups, that is, the short-lived Western Wei Dynasty and the Eastern Wei Dynasty, but the puppet is a puppet after all, when the heroes think that the time is ripe, they must choose to go from behind the scenes to the foreground, from the position of the courtier to the throne, so, only more than ten years later, The Western Wei Dynasty was replaced by Yuwenjue, the son of the powerful minister Yuwentai, and became the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the Eastern Wei Dynasty was replaced by Gao Yang, the son of the powerful minister Gao Huan, and became the Northern Qi Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty that defeated the Northern Qi Dynasty to reunify the northern region was also a Sinicized Xianbei dynasty, and its Xianbei characteristics had long disappeared, so the Northern Zhou Dynasty also had to perish in rebellions and coups. The coup d'état it launched made all the northern lands controlled by the Northern Zhou Dynasty become the territory of the Sui Dynasty, and as the Sui Dynasty moved south, it successfully defeated the Southern Chen Dynasty in the Jiangnan region, and the land of China was reunified, and the bloody period of ethnic integration that began in the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms was completely over. In addition, the landlord class of the Shu nationality also stepped onto the stage of history and began to write a brilliant chapter in the history of Chinese civilization.

Speaking of which, we ignore a problem, that is, the war against the historical trend we talked about before also appeared in the war between the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty, not to mention the personal ability of the rulers of these two dynasties at that time, according to the development of the historical trend, it should be that the Han people of Huhua eventually became the rulers of the northern land, and the Northern Qi Dynasty was founded by Gao Yang, the son of Gao Huan, the Han people of Huhua, and according to the law of historical development, the Northern Qi Dynasty should defeat the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In fact, the national strength of the Northern Qi Dynasty far exceeded that of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, but at the end of the Northern Qi Dynasty, its rulers appeared one after another mediocre and incompetent people, on the other hand, the ruler of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yuwen Yong, was a capable and decisive figure, so the historical mission that should have been completed by the Northern Qi Dynasty was completed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, but because the unification of the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the north was not considered to conform to the historical trend of national integration, so Yang Jian, a Han man from Huhua, re-completed this historical mission. He became the leader of the newly formed Han ancestors.

However, the Sui Dynasty constructed by Yang Jian completely ended the chaotic situation of the bloody period of national integration since the Sixteen Kingdoms, and at the same time created an era in which the Shu landlord class was the ruling class. But in fact, the Sui Dynasty was like a powder keg that had just been assembled, and when it encountered a little spark, it would explode. Therefore, after Yang Jian's death, Yang Guang won the battle for succession, and his hasty means of ruling the state became a pretext for the struggle of various forces, and the various forces that emerged in the peasant uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty finally led to the death of the Sui Dynasty.