About Chapter 77 Synopsis: Liu Yu, the general who controlled the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was anxious to establish his authority, and when he learned that the Southern Yan were raiding the border, he took the opportunity to lead his army on a northern expedition. Murong Chao, the lord of Nanyan, ignored the advice of his ministers and personally led a large army to meet the battle. As a result, he suffered a great defeat, so he had to retreat to the capital Guanggu and ask for help from Later Qin, but Later Qin had become the end of a strong crossbow and could not send reinforcements. Liu Yu intensified the siege of the city and conquered Guanggu, captured Murong Chao, and Nanyan also perished and enjoyed the country for 12 years.

In this story, Liu Yu, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, took advantage of the opportunity of the Southern Yan regime to raid the border and led the army to the Northern Expedition, defeating the weak Southern Yan regime in one fell swoop, and Murong Chao, the lord of the Southern Yan Dynasty, also became a prisoner of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Although Murong Chao is not a mediocre king, his actions are still relatively naïve and naïve. This kind of character can only be a peaceful prince in a unified dynasty, or a king who keeps the success, and in troubled times, he is really not an ideal ruler.

And Murong Chao strongly opposed Gongsun Wulou's strategy of sticking to the dangerous pass and clearing the wilderness, also because he couldn't bear to eradicate the crops and the people, although Murong Chao was a little pedantic in this regard, but he was a king who loved the people who attached importance to agriculture, on the other hand, Gongsun Wulou's strategy of preserving the Nanyan regime at the expense of the people's power could delay the demise of the Nanyan regime on the surface, but in the long run, what is the significance of the regime retained at the expense of the people's power for the people? What's more, Gongsun Wulou is trying so hard to keep the Nanyan regime, it is nothing more than trying to keep his high-ranking officials.

However, for the fate of Gongsun Wulou after the fall of the Nanyan regime, the language of the history books is unknown, we simply say that he died on the battlefield in the historical story part, in fact, the record of Gongsun Wulou in the history books continued until Murong Chao stuck to Guanggu City, but after Liu Yu broke through Guanggu City, there was no record of Gongsun Wulou, I speculate that it is very likely that he died in the rebellion, because Gongsun Wulou already knew that the Later Qin Empire, which was friendly with the Southern Yan regime, was already declining, and it was unlikely that he would defect to the Later Qin Empire. And Gongsun Wulou defected to the Northern Wei Dynasty or surrendered to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the history books must have recorded it. In any case, under the control of the scheming Gongsun Wulou and the naïve and naïve Murong Chao, the weak Nanyan regime finally perished.

In general, I think that the blame for the demise of the Southern Yan regime is not on the ruler Murong Chao, nor on the Gongsun Wulou who controls the government, Murong Chao is naïve by nature, but he is also a benevolent lord, Gongsun Wulou is greedy for power, but he also has a certain strategic vision. It's just that the Nanyan regime is too weak, and as long as there is a slight fluctuation in its political situation, it will bring a catastrophe to this regime, so Murong Chao and Gongsun Wulou are responsible for the demise of this small regime in the Sixteen Kingdoms period. What's more, at this time, the main tribe of the Southern Yan regime has basically completed the sinicization, and in the face of the blow of the Eastern Jin Dynasty established by the Han ancestors, they are basically powerless to fight back, and it is even said that the subordinates of the Xianbei Murong Department during this period may be more looking forward to entering the rule of the orthodox dynasty of the Han ancestors. Therefore, the demise of the Nanyan regime is what everyone expects. At this point, the Xianbei Murong Tribe, which had established four Yan regimes in the northern land, completely withdrew from the historical stage, and basically became the new Han ancestors in the context of ethnic integration.

During the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the Tuyuhun regime established by the Shuchu tribe of the Xianbei Murong tribe did not die until the Tang Dynasty, and its tribes merged among the various ethnic groups in the northwest region. Therefore, after more than a thousand years of integration and evolution, until today, except for the surname of Murong, we can no longer see the demeanor of the Xianbei Murong Department.

We still seem to be familiar with Murong's surname. Because in Mr. Jin Yong's martial arts novel "Dragon Babu", there is a martial arts master Murong Fu who is determined to revive Dayan. It is really amazing that he gave up his love in pursuit of the glory and career of the revival family, and finally became a madman. As a matter of fact. In Mr. Jin Yong's pen, the Great Yan Kingdom that Murong Fu wants to revive is what we are talking about during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the former Yan Empire, the Later Yan Empire, the Western Yan Empire and the Southern Yan Regime established by the Xianbei Murong Ministry.

In fact, in history, the celebrities who appeared in the prominent Murong family, after Murong Yanzhao in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, basically could not find more accomplished figures. This family, or the Xianbei Murong Ministry, fell silent after giving birth to a group of troubled heroes such as Murong Hao, Murong Chui, and Murong De. Now Murong's surname still exists, but many people with the surname Murong are no longer the descendants of the direct Xianbei Murong Ministry, because after thousands of years of historical changes and ethnic integration, the change of surnames is too common. Therefore, we cannot tell who our ancestors are today simply by their surnames, unless there is a genealogy that clearly records it.

In any case, after the fall of the Southern Yan regime, most of the Xianbei Murong tribe merged with the Han ancestors, and a small part merged with the various nomadic peoples in the northwest region.

In fact, the time of the demise of the Southern Yan regime is basically the same as that of the Later Yan regime. Therefore, it is still far-fetched to regard the Southern Yan regime as a return to the light of the Xianbei Murong Department that basically completed the sinicization, but after all, the Southern Yan regime still perished a year later than the Later Yan Empire, and the return of the Xianbei Murong Department is still relatively short. It can be seen that the sinicization of the Xianbei Murong tribe is still very eager, in fact, as long as the nomads who enter the Central Plains, because of the primitive customs and habits of their own tribe, the language and culture are backward, they all have a very strong and eager desire for sinicization. Therefore, the existence of these regimes during the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms was relatively short, generally lasting about thirty or forty years, in fact, this was only two generations at that time. It can be seen that the nomads are eager for sinicization.

Of course, the existence of the Southern Yan regime has only lasted for about 12 years, which is not much longer than the enjoyment time of the Western Yan regime, which is not included in the list of the Sixteen Kingdoms, but the Southern Yan regime can be included in the list of the Sixteen Kingdoms, not just because the country has been in the country for more than ten years, the Southern Yan regime certainly has its own particularity of existence, and the most important reason must be that the existence time of the main tribe of the Southern Yan regime should be the same as the enjoyment time of the Later Yan Empire. To put it bluntly, the Southern Yan regime was part of the Later Yan Empire, which flourished in the Central Plains. Moreover, the final destination of these two regimes was destroyed by the Han ancestors at that time, which also shows that the degree of sinicization of the Xianbei Murong Department at this time was very deep, and it should be no different from the Han ancestors.

The Later Yan Empire and the Southern Yan regime were destroyed by the Northern Yan regime and the Eastern Jin Dynasty established by the Han ancestors, which of course had a certain degree of chance, but from the background of the great integration of the entire nation. All the nomadic peoples who entered the Central Plains will inevitably be replaced by the newly formed Han ancestors, which is an unchangeable historical direction. During the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the ultimate fate of any regime that established a feudal state in the northern land was to perish, but the demise model of the Later Yan Empire and the Southern Yan regime established by the Xianbei Murong Department provided two more representative ending modes for the subsequent historical process.

However, the peaceful evolution of the Northern Yan regime to replace the Later Yan Empire was more accepted by the vast number of Sinicized nomads and Huhua Han people. Therefore, this model of changing the dynasty has become the model for the final end of the bloody period of national integration, and the dynasty built by the ancestors of the Han nationality to destroy the regime established by the nomads of the Sinicization is too cruel and bloody, so this end model is difficult to be recognized by the nomads of the Sinicization and the Han people of Huhua, so it is not used as the end of the bloody period of the great national integration.

In fact, this mode of peaceful evolution is exactly the dominant way of the great national integration and peace period after the Sui and Tang dynasties. This method is the most important and advanced integration mode for the great integration of the whole nation. This model is even a mode of integration in the relations of various ethnic groups today. In the context of economic globalization, all of us are constantly striving towards the same goal of pursuing a happy life, which has led to smaller and smaller ethnic differences among various nations in the world. Everyone will gradually enter the same mode of life, and the customs, habits, languages and cultures of various ethnic groups are undergoing subtle changes, and this change is also going in the same direction, so the characteristics of various ethnic groups in the world are becoming less and less obvious. If we look to the future, the scenario of national globalization should be basically realized in the near future. At that time, the whole of China and even the whole world will be the same nation, and we will no longer use customs and language and culture to establish racial distinctions, because at that time, all people's customs, habits, language and culture will be the same. It is even said that now countries with developed economies and advanced production and lifestyles have quietly appeared in the scene of national communalization. This state of national commonalization will also affect more countries and nations, because people's pursuit of advanced and happy production and lifestyle is the common goal.

Let's go back and look at the great national integration during the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms,

With the successive demise of the Later Yan Empire and the Southern Yan regime established by the Xianbei Murong Tribe, the Xianbei Murong Tribes also reached a national commonality scenario with the Han ancestors at that time, and this situation will also affect the various regimes of the Sixteenth Period, which in turn leads to the emergence of a new ethnic group, which is naturally the new Han ancestors formed after the great ethnic integration.

Of course, in the historical process after the Sui and Tang dynasties. There were also other nomadic peoples who communicated and integrated with the Han ancestors who formed during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, but this exchange and integration was not carried out in the context of bloody wars, but subtly and quietly by the way of peaceful evolution. Therefore, we call the great national integration after the Sui and Tang dynasties the period of peaceful integration.