It is said that it began with Qi Huan's public establishment of the "Great Advice", and Bao Shuya appointed him. But there is also a shot that stabbed the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, saying that "Bao" is the original counselor, so the great security (Taibao) of Xingzhou should be the leader of the counselor.

The main duty of the counselor was to advise the monarch and put forward his own opinions on the administration of the imperial court. The Qin Dynasty set up a doctor, which belonged to the Langzhong Order, and the Han Dynasty continued to use, but it belonged to Guangluxun, and the Eastern Han Dynasty changed its name to the doctor. In addition, Guanglu doctors, councillors, doctors, etc., as well as court officials and attendants, scattered horses, and regular attendants, etc., are also responsible for counseling.

The most important counselors in the Tang Dynasty were the left and the right to fill the que—because of the name, it can be seen that this position was set up to correct the obsolescence of the monarch and make up for the omissions of the government.

To put it bluntly, the main duty of the counselor is to face the monarch, and he must be able to point out the monarch's shortcomings and mistakes, and at the same time discuss the government. Since the Han Dynasty, this position has been under the leadership of the prime minister, and it is one of the important means of restricting the monarch's power. Those who presided over the government evolved into institutions such as Shizhong Temple and Menxia Province, and gradually became a tool to restrain the government.

In the past dynasties, the officials were satirized by the king and the government, and the imperial history was used to supervise the hundred officials, but after the Song Dynasty, the two merged, and called "Taiji" (Taiwan refers to the imperial history platform), the chief government and the hundred officials, but the satirical function of the monarch is shrinking day by day - the monarch's power is gradually flourishing.

Of course, theoretically, all officials at a certain level can write a book to accuse the monarch of his mistakes, but since the big guys still have their own jobs, with a few special exceptions, the intensity of satirizing the monarch will inevitably be reduced because of this-the dictatorship of the monarch has gradually taken shape and perfection since the confluence of Taiwan.

Today, Chen Hao specially put it forward, saying that Guanzhong Xingtai is a small government, and the structure of the military and political affairs is still strict and perfect, but why is there no official to admonish? In the court, the purpose of the counselor is to satirize the king, and in the Xingtai, the great Sima, you have the sole power, and no one can restrain you, if you do not set up an advisor and point out your mistakes and omissions at any time, are you not afraid of doing the wrong thing?

This is indeed something that Pei Gai never thought of before. One is that he feels that he is modest enough, not arbitrary, and plans for all major things, and Pei Wei and others often take the initiative to put forward their opinions, so why set up a counselor? Second, after all, no one wants to be watched by people all day long, and they can find fault with you at any time...... Therefore, the establishment of the counselor has never been put in his head at all.

Hearing Chen Hao's words, Xiong Yuan couldn't help frowning, so Pei Cai asked first: "After all, it is a platform, and there is no one king, why set up a counselor?" ”

Chen Yansi said: "If a person is not a sage, who can be without fault? If it is not the king of the people, those who have a fault and have nothing to blame will inevitably close their eyes and listen, and even act arbitrarily and alone, and harm the affairs of the country. That is, the state also has a different drive, and the line of Taiwan is only the only one person who respects the great Sima, if you can't set up a counselor, listen to the rumors, and consult the good way, it will lead to a fall. ”

According to the system, the counselor is "innocent of the speaker", even if he points at the monarch's nose and scolds him in person, as long as he talks about the matter and does not deliberately insult the monarch, the monarch can not hear it, but he cannot condemn the counselor. Moreover, other officials, of course, can also rebuke the monarch, but if you keep your mouth shut, others will not force you; If the counselor does not say anything, it is pure dereliction of duty. Therefore, the most important thing in the establishment of counselors is to form an atmosphere, so that the monarch is accustomed to listening to the situation, and the courtiers are also accustomed to expressing opinions.

According to Chen Hao, there is no one who does not make mistakes, and only when they are immediately pointed out and then corrected, can the state and the government tend to the right path. There are people at all levels of government who can give their opinions, and that is because the authority of the chief of government is not superb; As big as the state capital, there is another driver around the assassin history, and the name is the monarch and the minister, up and down, in fact, it is only half a level lower, so he is naturally not afraid of speaking. Under the monarch, there was no one who was a little shorter than him—neither was the prime minister—so there was to be a special counselor; Now that your Da Sima is also a man of his word in Guanzhong, how can your behavior not be restricted in the slightest? Something is going to happen!

Pei Caixin said, "Why is my behavior unchecked?" Not to mention the constraints of time, place, and people, those old systems and old habits have stumbled me because of the old bureaucracy, so that I can't be comfortable, and it's not a day or two. Then set up a counselor, for example, you Chen Yansi, seeing that Tian'er wrote to me to light industry and commerce, dismiss the people, write a thousand words, and attack me in public opinion, then I must not be mad!

However, after pondering it again, many of my ideas and methods have certainly passed the test of history and can be determined to be advanced, but high-yielding varieties may not be applied to saline-alkali land, and in response to the backward social productive forces, many administrative measures may be ahead of their time, and they may be too late, but they may be bad.

For this point, Pei Gai himself is always vigilant, so with his authority, he can completely do his own thing in Guanzhong, but he still has to listen to opinions from many aspects, and he would rather spend time and energy to persuade Pei Wei and others because of the opposition caused by traditional thinking, rather than forcibly suppress it. Besides, if you can't really convince them, no matter how clever your policy is, it's useless, and if people don't implement it for you, it will be difficult to succeed.

So since I already have this kind of psychological preparation, I have made up my mind to rise to the occasion in the face of difficulties, for the sake of collective unity, and even more so for the sake of self-restraint and pride, which leads to mistakes, and is willing to listen to the opinions of all sides, and is willing to do a lot of persuasion work, why not set up an admonishing officer?

This is to take the initiative to use the system to restrain their own power, at least to open a channel for the bottom of the situation, and it is certain that it will cause a lot of trouble, but at the same time, the improvement of the system can strangle more possible mistakes in the cradle, which is not necessarily a bad thing. It's just that I can't be satisfied, but the so-called "governing a big country is like cooking a small fresh", how can a politician hope that everything will be smooth?!

In addition, even if they do not supervise themselves, they should set up posts to supervise the executive government. Previously, one was the scarcity of talents, and the other was for administrative convenience, and the following Sima was only in charge of the civil and military affairs, and there was a lack of audit institutions such as Zhongshu and Menxia for government decrees. Although he is engaged in the supervision of Zhonglang, he is mainly facing the individual officials, rather than supervising the operation of the entire government department, and most of Pei Xu's and Wang Gong's energy is actually focused on foreign intelligence, and it is difficult for them to supervise the government again.

Pei Gai used to hate "trolls" and "keyboard warriors", but when it comes to counselors, if you think about it carefully, it may not be so annoying. Because it is just to face other courtiers, if you are facing the lord, who would dare to confuse the public with words, or even splash and roll, buckle your hat and play tricks? As long as I am indeed reasoning, even if it doesn't make sense, what am I afraid of?

Thinking of this, he waved his hand to stop Xiong Yuan from continuing to refute Chen Hao, and then faced Chen Yansi and asked word by word: "Qing's words are indeed reasonable, but I was negligent." However, if I set up a reprimanding officer on the platform, would I be willing to do it? How dare you say it? ”

Chen Yan didn't expect Pei Gai to agree with his suggestion so easily, he originally thought that it would take half a day of persuasion to achieve results - after all, no one is happy to be accompanied by someone who gives advice, this is human nature. But his plan is that in the future, after Pei Gai returns to the court, he will control the more rigorous political structure of Guanzhong Xingtai and directly apply it to the imperial court, if there is no counselor in advance, it will be difficult to shoehorn it in the future, so he is ready to give bitter advice.

I couldn't help but secretly say: "Da Sima is indeed as good as a stream...... and then he gave his hand: "If Da Sima is not despicable, if I take the responsibility of admonishment, I will naturally know everything." ”

Pei Cai smiled: "Ruoqing admonishes, and I don't listen, what can I do?" ”

Chen Hao said: "I should admonish again." ”

"I don't follow the reprimands and three admonitions, so what?"

When Chen Hao heard this, he couldn't help but be slightly stunned, and then snorted and replied: "Whether you listen to Pei Gong or not, it is not up to Chen." ”

Pei Cai smiled and asked: "Isn't it 'the way is not good, and you can float in the sea'?" ”

Chen Zheng replied: "The Tao and the word may not be compatible, and if you don't listen to a word, it may not be that the way is not good." If the ruler listens to what the minister says, then he will coerce the king with his ministers; If you don't listen to a word, that is, hang up the crown and leave, it is a fake dragon and a gang, and the quasi-king is a lord and a man - this is not a courtier, but a fool who wants to be named. If there is a deficiency or omission, he should speak out, if the matter is small, it is okay not to listen, but please consult the public; But if it is a great matter, let me hold on to it, and I will not listen, and I will not flee......

When he Chen Yansi was in Luoyang, he played two games in three days and expressed his opinions on the government, most of the bigwigs refused to listen, and they didn't see him resign because of this, he was finally blown away...... According to Chen Yan's cognition, even the counselor can't say that his thoughts are all correct, otherwise it would be better to directly use the counselor as the prime minister or even the king, how can it be reasonable? In this case, how is it possible to demand that all the admonitions be obeyed?

Pei Gai bowed his head: "Yan Si can understand this meaning, I am very relieved." "I don't want to attract a bull's temper, I must pull the hem of my clothes and ask me to listen to him, if I don't listen, I will either resign, or go to hit the pillar, that is not in vain to make trouble for myself, but it may not produce good results? Another example is the Ming and Qing dynasties, a large group of officials (not yet officials) just for the sake of fame and artillery, so that no one dares to do things seriously - because there must be omissions in everything you do, and you won't make mistakes if you don't do it - that kind of "keyboard man", don't do it.

So Pei Gai said to Chen Hao: "I will give the secretary the post of admonishment, and I hope that the secretary will not live up to my hopes." Today, I know all the three mistakes I said, and I don't need to reply, I and Xingtai have omissions and mistakes, and I should be blunt. ”

Immediately ordered the secretary Hu Fei to make a document, and set up a new post of admonishment in Xingtai, named it "Gleaning" - this word was there at that time, it was Kuang Zheng's negligence, as for the official name, it was directly copied from Wu Zetian's "later" wisdom - directly under the big Sima, listed as the fifth rank of the doctor, and appointed Chen Yan Chen Yansi to his position. If there is no objection and sign your name, the matter will be settled.

Theoretically speaking, Pei and Tao are unlikely to resolutely oppose this matter, so Chen Hao saluted Pei Gai again, changed his name to "Ming Gong", and called himself "minister" - between superiors and subordinates, especially a certain official and his own subordinates, according to the style of the Qin and Han dynasties, it is equivalent to the monarch and minister, at least in terms of etiquette, the Wei and Jin dynasties and customs remain unchanged, probably after the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang dynasties, the habit of calling oneself as a "minister" without a human monarch gradually died out.

Pei should accept Chen Yan's salute again, and then help him up with both hands, and say something else by the way-to tell the truth that Chen Yansi is very sharp-tongued, Pei should not plan to listen to him express his opinion twice on the same day-"I heard that two young men came with Qing and others, but no?" ”

Xiong Yuan nodded, and said that it was true, it was Wang Xizhi of the Wang family and Yu Yi of the Yu family, who were probably visiting Li Maoyue at this time and seeking advice from Mrs. Wei. Pei Gai asked, "How about waiting for the second young man?" ”

Chen Hao replied: "With different talents, I am afraid that the way of calligraphy in the future can only be described by these two people, who can be Zhong Yuanchang (Zhong Xuan) and Zhang Boying (Zhang Zhi) in the world." Only he is still young, and he does not dare to make judgments in his study of history and his ability to govern the country. Then his eyes narrowed slightly, and he said, "Jiang Zuo sent these two people here, do you have no desire to tell Ming Gong?" ”

When Pei Gai heard this, he couldn't help but slap his hands and laugh - it is a person who can see that the Wang and Yu families sent two children to Guanzhong, what is the purpose, how can I not know the reason? He didn't plan to take the olive branch handed over by Director Wang, because Pei and Wang are now disrespectful, purely because of state affairs, not because he himself hated Wang Maohong for pulling his hind legs at the beginning - oh, for Yu Yuangui, it is inevitable that he has a lot of bad feelings, which is difficult to dissolve.

But you might as well take the time to meet these two teenagers, especially Wang Xizhi. He didn't plan to keep these two teenagers to serve in Xingtai, first, the other party was still young, and it was not Ganluo and Xiang Lu, how could he be an official? Second, what will happen to Yu Yi in the future, he can't remember clearly, Wang Xizhi is a pure artist, and he hasn't heard of any talent for governing the country and the people.

When Pei Gai was in Jiankang back then, the reason why he paid special attention to Wang Xizhi was that there was a certain factor of "chasing stars" - that was a book saint! When you go to the future generations to ask, at the turn of the East and the West, are there many people who know Wang Dao, Zu Ti, and Tao Kan, or are there many people who know Wang Xizhi? Why can't I ask to meet the laying chicken when I have eaten a delicious egg?

To say that Pei should be in the later generations, soft pen calligraphy has only been learned for less than a year, hard pen calligraphy has not been practiced at all, the word is like a dog crawling, through the previous few years just knocking on the keyboard, I am afraid that even the dog crawling words will inevitably forget the pen. Wearing this life, occupying this body, and inheriting many of Pei Gai's talents in this world - including scriptures, including calligraphy - to say that the foundation of literature and history for the children of the Gaomen family is still very solid, and if it is put into future generations, maybe it can also be ranked in some municipal and district calligraphy competitions.

But in this life, Pei Gai's calligraphy was only in the middle of the peace, so when Li Jubei returned to the curtain, he often took time to seek advice. Although he practiced his muscles and bones every day, and did not deliberately practice calligraphy, after all, he often wrote hundreds of thousands of words in his daily official document approval, and he wrote a lot, so he naturally had to make progress.

However, although Li Maoyue is also a master of calligraphy, his level is far inferior to his wife, and Mrs. Zewei's descendant disciple must be much stronger than me, the nominal heir of Li Gongzi. I don't know what level Wang Yishao has reached now? Shall I save a few copies of his notebook first, so that I can pass them on to my descendants in the future......

But there's no hurry, let's let it dry for a while. At present, the most important thing to spend energy on is the war in the Kanto region.

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