The changes in the north are not only unknown to the center of the Northern Song Dynasty, but even Zhao Xin, who is thousands of miles away, does not know much.

The huge distance has brought pressure on logistics and communications, although radio communications are being studied, and preliminary results have been obtained in the laboratories of the Dinghai Navy, but this result cannot help the Dinghai Navy to obtain radio communications.

The reason is very simple, the current Dinghai Navy does not have a more reliable power system.

A simple generator relies on the simplest theory, where a permanent magnet cuts the magnetic field lines to generate an electric current, which is a very accurate general law.

From this general law, we can get current, which can help the Navy popularize some electric lights and ensure the electricity problem of some key positions, but what about after that?

The electricity used in a light bulb is not at the same level as the lighting of small household appliances and large electrical appliances, it is very easy to light a light bulb, even if it is manually lit in the laboratory, it may not be so reliable to generate electricity to be completed, but the generator that can really be used in the industry is not a simple laboratory can be manufactured.

Before there was a stable and strong current, radio was basically a difficult research, even with the card system, which could turn a small chance into 100%, but there was still no way to complete the technical fault.

In Dinghai, the research of electric power is very in-depth, in the laboratory, all kinds of basic research and experiments based on electricity are carried out very smoothly, because the power of electricity is not high, most of these products have not entered the market, but in terms of the current depth, once the generator has made a breakthrough, the power revolution is about to come.

This is contrary to the general law of the development of natural science and technology, in the history of the development of natural science, the long, no scientific and technological development of the feudal society, until modern times, with the British industrial revolution, the cage of productive forces was opened, the world's economy began to rush forward to an incredible extent, until the 21st century.

The development of the 21st century is faster, from the individual, to the whole, from the pure network high-tech, to the online influence of the network high-tech offline, the real economy, as well as the development of science and technology, more and more affected by the Internet and microelectronics, the depth and breadth of this impact, far above any previous revolution.

If history is divided by science and technology, the first industrial revolution was a huge watershed, and the development before and after the first industrial revolution are two completely different concepts.

After one or two hundred years of development, almost surpassing the previous years, 2000, 3000, and even 5000 years of development, the rapid development of science and technology, so that no one dares to predict, 30 years, 50 years later, what the earth's science and technology will be like, almost three or five years will appear a big breakthrough.

The speed of this development is very fast, but it follows the general law, from the first and second industrial revolutions, to the revolution caused by microelectronics and materials, to various cutting-edge technologies, and the collision between various technologies, which has a development system.

But in Dinghai, this is different, even the basis of the first industrial revolution, the steam engine has not been manufactured, some supporting industries, has reached the level of practicality, the first industrial revolution things, is still a foot in the door, there is no way to meet the premise, the second industrial revolution, and even the revolution caused by materials and new technologies, has begun.

This is very chaotic, but it is very realistic, and the economic development of the Dinghai Navy has taken a completely different or even diametrically opposite path from the traditional economic development, and many things cannot be discussed with common sense.

Because of the existence of Zhao Xin, Ding Haijun, its development is completely different from the traditional development, according to the line of science and technology according to the gradual development, from weak to strong, for example, the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution in history, the theme of the first industrial revolution is the steam engine, and it began to enter the electric revolution at the end of the second industrial revolution.

However, Zhao Xin, who came from the 21st century, knows very well that electricity is very critical to industry, and the huge power brought by strong power is not outdated even in the 21st century, so entering the era of electricity in advance is equivalent to saving a lot of work.

Electricity is a common natural phenomenon This natural phenomenon is very easy to complete, and its basic principle is what has been talked about in middle school physics textbooks, so Zhao Qing has expanded this thing to experiment not long after the establishment of the Dinghai Army, and then the Dinghai Navy has changed from the ordinary kerosene lamp at the beginning to the electric lamp, and the number of this electric lamp is very small.

There is no way, large-scale use of various electrical appliances, but with this means that it has flown over a certain height, which is equivalent to breaking through to a certain extent, in this case, the development of the Ding Navy is like plugging in the wings, under the premise of not having enough electrical energy, it is impossible to turn steel into a permanent magnet, but natural magnets can be chiseled out, and then use these natural magnets to process various electrical appliances, which have gradually begun to appear from the laboratory.

As long as the research of Dingjun's huge generator is successful, Dinghai can even make an electric motor before the steam engine to replace the role of the steam engine.

In the 21st century, Zhao Xin is only a historian after all, and if he looks at it from a historical point of view, he can say that the head is the Tao, up and down for 5,000 years, and he talks eloquently, but when it comes to natural science and research, he can't.

At the beginning of the establishment of the Dinghai Navy, Zhao Xin, who had systematic experience, became the founder of the natural science and technology of the entire Dinghai Navy, and it can be said unceremoniously that the birth of the entire Dinghai Navy, most of the disciplines and research projects, are directly related to Zhao Xin, and in many fields, Zhao Xin was the first to lay the foundation of the theory, and pointed out the direction of research.

But later, with the deepening of research, the laws and research results that Zhao Xin knew were all reproduced by experiments, and perhaps some were not proven and overcome, but in some other more mature places, and even some of the depth of research has exceeded Zhao Xin's understanding, and Zhao Xin is no longer the all-rounder of the Dinghai Navy.

If you change to an ordinary person, you may be disappointed, originally, an all-round researcher, a genius scientist, has become a mediocre person.

But Zhao Xin will not, he knows very well that the development of science and technology is not something that he can go through alone, what he can do is to rely on the experience of later generations to identify those directions of development, which are suitable, and those directions of development are invalid or even wrong.

Even if that's all he can do, he can do it better than some scientists.

Why do some people say that some science fiction scientists are prophets, they are time-travelers, the earliest is Leonardo da Vinci, many of his paintings have become reality in the 21st century.

Why is that? The reason is very simple, science fiction writers, or prophets, use their imagination to come up with something in science fiction, and when the influence of this thing begins to appear and is known by more and more people, some or even a large part of scientists will work in this direction.

As long as it is not the kind of utopian fantasy that has no foundation at all and has no possibility of realizing at all, it is generally accompanied by the progress of science and technology, it will be invented, that is, prophecy, in fact, it is just the imagination of science fiction writers, and then the continuous efforts of latecomers finally realize this imagination.

Zhao Xin can't be as utopian as a scientist, but he can guide the development of the entire Dinghai Navy according to the experience of later generations, and the Dinghai Navy, which has developed rapidly, has developed more rapidly on the basis of the original, not only the foundation of all aspects has developed rapidly, some machines have already had the style of later generations, and the most important thing is that some weapons have also made a leap.

In the eighth year of Qingli, the biggest discovery of the Dinghai Navy in weapons was not the artillery above 120 mm, which was just a continuation of the previous research, and the biggest achievement was the emergence of metal ammunition.

The scientific and technological content of bullets is much higher than that of weapons, which has also been proved by later generations, in addition to reloading bullets, real original bullets, countries with production capacity, in the whole world, there are only a few.

Some people say that it is just a matter of cost, with cheaper, who will bother to produce it themselves, but a gun, and even some people can produce it manually with ordinary machine tools, which shows its scientific and technological content.

After the birth of the musket, Zhao Xin began to study the fixed ammunition, and he deeply knew that this was the root cause of the rebirth of firearms, not only the increase in the rate of fire, but also the increase in power.

It's just that in the narrow range of the bullet, the fixed propellant, the lead, and the warhead and cartridge casing, these things need to be made very small.

Previously, the Dinghai Navy relied on nitrocellulose gunpowder to achieve a fixed ammunition on the shotgun, but the fixed ammunition was larger than the No. 1 battery in the later generations, and it looked like a small grenade.

After this breakthrough, for a long time, the Dinghai Navy did not break through, even Zhao Xin thought that within three or five years, he might not be able to see this metal fixed ammunition, who knows, the research institute gave him such a big surprise, a big sounding 12.1 mm fixed ammunition with a caliber of 12.1 mm, which was successfully manufactured.

Fixed ammunition, at the beginning of the paper shell fixed ammunition, this fixed ammunition, in history appeared very accidental, and then popularized, gradually replaced the original gunpowder loading, the efficiency improved a lot, his appearance, also let the musket, finally on the stage of historical war, the effect greatly increased.

A paper shell fixed ammunition, under the flexible firearms tactics of the Dinghai Navy, has been applied to the extreme, well-trained soldiers, can shoot 7 times in the range of 60 breaths, which is already the highest efficiency, perhaps a little slower than the longbow, but the powerful attack and penetration of firearms is the key, the musket has never won by range, his combat effectiveness lies in the power.

Even the original arquebuses had an effective range of only about 50 meters, but within a range of 50 meters, they could pierce through armor.

On the battlefield, the sword is ruthless and chaotic, but for those generals who are more powerful, the chance of survival is great.

On the one hand, these people have strong combat effectiveness, skilled archers and horses, and they have an advantage in themselves, on the other hand, they are all wearing relatively complete and strong protective armor, in the era of cold weapons, a warrior who is wrapped in armor can survive as long as he knows a little bit of attack.

But the appearance of muskets changed all this, and later musketeers rarely had heavy armor, the reason was very simple, in front of musketeers, heavy armor and light armor were the same, all of them were paper paste.

If we say that the paper shell fixed ammunition is more of a test of the soldier's technical strength, it must go through strict training to be able to reach more than six.

But the metal fixed bullet, this is definitely a huge leap forward, it represents the liberation of people's movements.

Paper shell fixed ammunition, omitting the original, calculating gunpowder, and stuffing the action of compaction, so that the efficiency is greatly improved, but metal, directly with springs and gunpowder energy, replaced human action, his birth, also represents the machine gun is not far away.

Artillery is the king of land warfare, and with artillery, it is bound to be able to win the war, especially if there is none, or if it is less powerful.

But if you choose one of the most bloody and cruel weapons from a weapon, it is only the machine gun.

With machine guns, with enough supplies, in the right environment, in the trenches, 2 people can withstand a regiment or even more of the enemy, and there is no problem at all.

The power of artillery is more terrifying, unless it is an artillery scrubbing, or a strategic heavy artillery in later generations, but even such artillery, in terms of lethality, is not as good as a machine gun, because the machine gun that can be pushed by gunpowder, under a reasonable application, is a metal storm, and in the face of such a metal storm, the flesh cannot resist it at all.

Before, when he was an ordinary musket, Zhao Xin also tried to make a machine gun, adding a barrel, and getting out a nondescript machine gun, that is, a one-time thing, was completed at one time, but it took ten times longer to load, maybe in some places with huge attack intensity, this use is useful, but after seeing the machine guns of later generations, such a thing is really a toy, and it is easy to affect each other, and even explode.

At what time, Zhao Xin faintly felt that the emergence of metal fixed ammunition was the basis for the emergence of machine guns, although he did not know much about munitions, but before the appearance of fixed ammunition, there was really no machine gun.

The emergence of metal fixed ammunition does not mean that the fixed navy can make the machine gun, and even the metal fixed ammunition, combined with the previous toy machine gun, is not very suitable, because this design concept is completely different, the emergence of the machine gun of the fixed navy, there is still a long way to go, but with the metal fixed ammunition, the fixed naval rifle will have a huge change.

In the past, guns were more powerful, but later, the rate of fire and penetration became the most important place, and the magazine became standard in the rifle, allowing the rifle to have a sufficient rate of fire.

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