Type B gunpowder, one of France's greatest scientific inventions in the field of firearms. The world's first smokeless gunpowder, which appeared in 1884, led to a rapid firearms revolution. Jochen has always taken this very seriously, but the French have done a good job of secrecy. As a result, the Germans were unable to obtain any specific information about him for the next three years. But that's no longer the case. In Jochen's strong meeting, Crown Prince Frederick ordered his intelligence officers in France to devote all efforts to gathering information on the design of Type B gunpowder and possible new French ammunition and firearms.

However, it is not a simple matter to get hold of the specific ingredients of Type B gunpowder. Due to the fanatical intervention of the French Minister of War at this time, General Blanger, the attitude of the French authorities towards Type B gunpowder was very different from the attitude towards Mine. With the intervention of the French government, the design of new bullets and firearms was hastily ordered as soon as the Type B gunpowder had been reviewed. Soon a new version of the 8×50RLebelBalleM round-headed bullet was put into production. But again, thanks to the generosity of the French, German intelligence officers bought a French worker and bought 5 rounds of LebelBalle M from him for 5,000 marks, and then the Germans got their hands on the actual gunpowder type B and began to study its composition. I don't know if the French soldier who fled to Germany with his Lebel rifle and a small amount MLE1886 of ammunition will be able to earn his 20,000 marks in the future.

As the study of smokeless gunpowder made significant progress, the War Department formed the Rifle Test Committee (Gewehr Prfungs Kommission, or GPK). As a result, as in history, the GPK's initial plan was only to improve the existing Mauser Gew.81 rifle and build it on the original 11×60R black. Gunpowder rifle cartridges were switched to a new propellant and a reduced warhead. And according to the development of events, it is estimated that GPK will be followed by GPK, and even after sending a production order to Ludwig Lloy in Charlottenburg, Berlin, it suddenly realizes that such a modification does not bring much technical advantage. Then they decided to design new ammunition and guns themselves.

Jochen, of course, cannot allow such a repeat. What's more, the historical Gew.88 committee rifle was a hastily designed gun, but in fact there were many problems, and to say that it was a design was actually to combine a variety of existing designs into a new gun.

Historically, the bolt of the Gew.88 was designed by Louis Schlegelmilch, the designer of the Spandau Arsenal, in fact, this bolt was improved from the Manlisa bolt with a little Mauser characteristics, so it was called the Schlegelmirch/Mauser bolt. The gun's magazine is also an improved version of the Manlisa 5-round magazine, but the leakage used has been improved, so that the original Manlisa magazine can only be loaded into the magazine from one side, and both sides of the magazine can be loaded into the magazine. The barrel rifling is a direct copy of the Lebel rifle, and the barrel jacket has a full-length barrel sleeve designed by Armand Meg (hence the Gew.88, which was later introduced to China, and Hanyang-made is also known as the old sleeve). The new smokeless propellant rifle cartridge is an improved version of the 7.92mm rimless bottleneck cartridge designed by Swiss Edward Rubin.

Rumors abound that the Gew.88 blew up after entering service. To add insult to injury, a Berlin principal named Hermann Aylvodt blamed Ludwig Løy, alleging that the company had bribed government weapons censors to accept counterfeit products. And the Roy family happened to be Jewish, and the new smokeless propellant was also produced by the factory owned by the Roy family. The German media took advantage of these rumors and criticized the government, deriding the Type 88 rifle as Judenflinte, which means "Jewish rifle". At the time, many Germans asked why they didn't ask Paul Mauser to design a new rifle. Regardless of whether this accusation is true or not, Gew.88 does have the problem that the neck of the zài shell is easy to break, and the chamber pressure is too large and it is easy to explode.

Of course, even if GPK produces Gew.88 now, it is estimated that it will be different from history. The Spandau Arsenal is now integrated into HK by Jochen. Designer Louis Schlegelmir was sent by Jochen to the Royal Arsenal in Berndorf to work with Paul Mauser on a new bolt that Jochen had told us to avoid double bullets. Since it was Jochen's idea, Paul Mauser did not refuse to let HK come to the meeting. At this time, the Manlisca M1886 rifle had not yet come out, so it was definitely necessary to use the Gew.81 bridge clip to feed the ammunition. But Ammunition Jochen really can't be sure which one GPK will choose. But whichever one he chooses is not what Jochen wants to see, so he decides to get his own ammunition.

In the future smokeless powder ammunition revolution, new ammunition emerges in an endless stream, but there are only 5 types of full-power rifle bullets that are truly famous in history and thunderous: German 7.92×57 Mauser bullets, American 7.62×63 Springfield bullets, Tsarist Russia 7.62×54R Mosina dry bullets, Japanese 6.5×50SR Tomosaka bullets, British 7.7×56R Enfield bullets, and the names of other ammunition are drowned in the long river of history and few people know. By the way, the French joked that as the first smokeless gunpowder propellant bullet, the LebelBalle bullet was also one of the people who drowned in the long river of history.

And Jochen's favorite is the Mosina dry bullet of Tsarist Russia, this 7.62×54R bullet is still a common ammunition of Maozi in the 21st century after continuous improvement, PK series general-purpose machine gun, SVD series semi-automatic sniper rifle, SV98 bolt-action sniper rifle are all modifications of this ammunition, which can be called the world's longest-lived ammunition. What makes Jochen even more fond is that this bullet is combined with a classic gun, which has achieved the reputation of the most accurate bolt-action rifle in World War II. That's right, the most accurate bolt-action rifle of World War II is not the K98k, not the M1903, not the Three-Eight Big Cover, not the Lee Enfield, but the rough Maozi Mosin Nagan M1891/30!

And the Mauser K98k, which is known as a well-made carbine, because it is a short carbine, plus the use of heavy pointed bullets with curved ballistics, the accuracy can only make people hehe.

In the early days of smokeless powder bullets, everyone used round-headed bullets, and most of them had a muzzle velocity of about 600 m/s, at that time, trauma ballistics was still a science that no one had set foot in, and no one knew that the muzzle velocity of 600 m/s was not enough for lighter ammunition, and such a low velocity was only suitable for heavier soft lead bullets. And the prototype is the Tsarist M1908 Mosina dry pointed bullet.

Of course, it is not exactly copied, the design of the convex bottom rim cartridge case of the Mosiner dry bomb was already slightly outdated in the early 20th century, although the requirements for the size of the bullet chamber are relatively relaxed, so that there is a large production tolerance during machine processing, which can save man-hours and money. But for Germany, this is not necessary. Under the condition of ensuring the basic performance unchanged, it is not difficult to remove the R word of the 7.62×54R, so the new ammunition has become a 7.62×54 flangeless bottle-shaped shell, a Berdan-type primer, a bullet weight of 148 grains, and a copper-nickel armor lead-core pointed bullet.

Jochen gave the basic design numbers and indicators of the bullet to HK and asked them to contact the ammunition factory in Spandau for trial production. The Weapons Design Department and the Royal Arsenal were also required to work together to design a new type of firearm with this type of bullet.

For the new rifle, Jochen also put forward several requirements, first, the muzzle velocity of the gun must not be less than 860 m/s, otherwise the performance advantage of the ammunition cannot be reflected. Second, due to the reduction of the bullet type, the magazine can contain more of this small ammunition, so the magazine capacity is required to be about 10 rounds. The third is to use a downward-bending pull handle. Paul Mauser was asked to complete the design work as quickly as possible. The reason is that they want to launch a new gun before the GPK. Fourth, eliminate the boring magazine divider. It wasn't that Jochen didn't want to get involved in the design of the new gun, but it was a pity that he was in the final year of his internship at the Naval Academy, and he was far away from the light cruiser Blucher in the Baltic Sea. However, Jochen is not worried about the failure of the new gun design, as long as the performance of the 7.62×54 rifle cartridge can be fully demonstrated, and the army can choose the bullet as the standard, even if the new gun design is not successful, Jochen's basic purpose has been achieved, and Jochen does not believe that according to his own requirements, the new gun designed by Mauser will lose to the broken things made up by GPK.

After receiving Jochen's request, Paul Mauser felt Alexander, although 7.62×54 bottomless bullets were darker than black. The 11×60R bullets of gunpowder are much smaller, but the 10 rounds of the inline supply magazine will still lead the height of the magazine to exceed the standard, but fortunately, the new bolt designed by Schlegelmir and Mauser was successfully developed, and the shell hook used in the new bolt does not rotate with the bolt, thus avoiding the failure of double bullets from the box-shaped magazine. This new technology was subsequently named "Constrained Feed" (Note 1). Although Louis Schlegelmirch did not develop the Gew.88 bolt alone, it was still because of the cooperation with Mauser that made it famous in the history of firearms development, the only difference is that the new bolt was developed by Paul Mauser, so Mauser was in front and Schlegelmir was behind. The development of the new bolt successfully solved the problem of ammunition supply that had been annoying Mauser, so Mauser made a heavy improvement to the magazine, using a staggered arrangement of double-row magazines with holding ports (Note 2), which shortened the height of the magazine in one fell swoop. The partition that was originally on the Gew.81 was removed.

The new rifle was finalized in June 1886 and became known as the Mauser 1886 rifle. The barrel is 750 mm long, the muzzle velocity is 875 m/s, and since the 10-round double-row magazine is still slightly longer, it still extends downward and is exposed. In addition, the bullet prototype is 7.62×54, the ballistic performance is similar, and even the new rifle with some similar appearance is secretly called the Mauser version of the Mosin Nagan by Jochen.

However, coincidentally, at this time, GPK also made its own 1886 commission rifle, the new gun uses the same inline magazine as the Gew.81, the magazine capacity is still 5 rounds, probably to save time, and the ammunition is actually based on the 8×50RLebelBalleM rifle cartridge, changed to 8×50 flangeless ammunition. And the GPK proposed to do everything possible to accept and equip the troops.

Of course, this did not allow the GPK to succeed, and Paul Mauser immediately offered to compare the performance of the two rifles. And at the proving ground, Mauser 1886 overshadowed the 1886 commission rifles. Excellent ammunition and matching ultra-long barrel, extremely high muzzle velocity, straight trajectory and huge lethality all show excellent performance, and the 10-round double-row magazine has twice the firepower of it. Faced with such a huge gap, GPK could only abandon the commission rifle that it had painstakingly developed.

Mauser 1886 was officially accepted in early November of that year, and on the 12th of the same month, Crown Prince Frederick signed an order for the new rifle to be named the Gew.86 rifle. The new guns were mainly produced by the Royal Arsenal, the HK Arsenal, the Danzig Arsenal, and the Erfurt Arsenal, while a number of private companies were involved, including Ludwig-Løy, Hellel, and the Austro-Hungarian Steyr Company.

The Gew.86 rifle was officially installed on May 1, 1887, and it is interesting to note that the Frenchman's Lebel MLE1886 had just been installed a week earlier, and the day before the installation, the French police inspector Guillaume Snaberle was arrested by the German secret police on the German-French border, which directly triggered the German-French military confrontation, which almost led to the second war between Germany and France, and at this time, the French, who began to install the Lebel MLE1886, were proud to think that they had a huge advantage over the Germans in firearms. At this time, the Minister of War Blange even used his superiority to fanatically preach that he would start a war, and he would use his equipment advantage to complete the "revenge against Germany"!

But only a week later, Gew.86 began to line up with the 15th and 16th armies stationed in Alsace-Lorraine. Under the backdrop of the excellent performance of the Gew.86, although the new ammunition was used, the Lebel MLE1886 looked almost like a black powder rifle (in fact, it was very similar, MLE1886 the MLE1885 Krobachak rifle that used black powder bullets was almost indistinguishable in appearance). This immediately made the French army dumbfounded. In the end, there was no fight, but the confrontation caused a crisis, which directly led to the dismissal of War Minister Blange. It is known as the Second Franco-German Crisis.

And the French soldier who defected to Germany with MLE1886 in history did not appear in the end, which should be regarded as saving money for the German government, right?

Note 1: Historically, the restraint feed was developed by Paul Mauser in 1892 and subsequently applied to the Mauser Model 1892 rifle.

Note 2: Historically, the double-row magazine was developed by Paul Mauser when he improved the Mauser Model 1892 rifle, and the new improved gun was called the Mauser Model 1893 rifle, and the Mauser 1893 has basically seen the shadow of the later famous Mauser Gew.98 rifle.

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