Chapter 453: Cannons and Boats
If he could, of course Zhao Xin was willing to build the largest and strongest warship in the Northern Song Dynasty, but unfortunately there were countless drawings and countless ideas, and without a foundation, there was no way to realize it.
For example, if Zhao Xin didn't have the embodiment of the card system, he wouldn't be able to easily create a fortress, and even if it was ironmaking, it started with the blacksmith who changed this era.
The same is true for shipbuilding, which can almost be described as insignificant in the entire Northern Song Dynasty shipbuilding, and the ability to open 800 materials is already the result of Zhao Xin's continuous elevation.
The shipbuilding industry, developed to the Northern Song Dynasty, has changed from the whole to a single-minded, river ships and sea ships are two clear directions.
800 materials, on the river boat, is a big number, but on the sea boat, it is really not a big one, not to mention compared with the Spanish warships, even the most peak sea ships of the Northern Song Dynasty, there is a big difference, 4000 materials are the largest sea ships that the Northern Song Dynasty can build, converted into tonnage, it is only 1400 tons.
The 800-gauge ship is only about 240 tons, which is one or two times the difference compared to the smallest Spanish sailing ship.
Now, the shipyard of the Dinghai Navy is still in its infancy, and it is good enough to be able to stumble and build an 800-material sea ship, but it is still the iron keel used, and it will take longer to figure out all the subsystems of the Spanish sailing ship.
The Spanish galleon, the result of the largest success of the sailing warship, had a huge mast, multi-deck, and could accommodate up to 80 or more gun doors, with nearly 100 cannons.
When 100 huge guns, most of which are caliber of about 10 inches, are fired in unison, the weight of each shell is as high as 64 pounds, and the one-time projection ammunition is as high as 6400 pounds, which is almost tons of artillery fire.
The appearance of such a warship in this era will be decisive for naval warfare, and there will be no buildings on the seashore that can withstand such an attack, which will be epoch-making.
It's a pity that thousands of high-rise buildings rise from the ground, and a building of 100 meters, or even hundreds of meters, must be built from the foundation little by little.
The 800-material ship is a starting point, and Zhao Xin has many ideas, but on this experimental ship, there are not many new technologies applied.
The overall shape of this ship is based on the base of a Chinese sailing ship, and the entire hull does not use a pointed bottom that represents the ocean, but a traditional Chinese square bottom.
Square bottoms, in this era, have a certain degree of advancement, first of all, under the premise of the same volume and materials, the cargo capacity of square bottoms is higher, and they are quite stable on the calm lake or sea surface.
This stability is more suitable on the calm sea, but once there is wind and waves, the parallel bottom of the boat is easy to be affected by wind and waves because the water holding capacity is not deep, and the suitability is not good in the ocean or high sea conditions.
The most important ocean in Europe is the Atlantic, which is different from the Pacific Ocean, which has huge winds and waves all year round, and must be able to adapt enough to enter the sea.
Pointed and square are the development directions of the ships of the two worlds, one is more suitable for carrying cargo, and the other is more suitable for sea navigation and warships.
Zhao Xin also insisted that the craftsman use the pointed bottom, but the craftsman didn't even have a clue, he didn't even know how to make the pointed bottom and what the effect was, if he used this instead, he couldn't even make the boat form.
After a fierce confrontation, in the end, Zhao Xin compromised, the development of ocean-going ships, pointed bottoms are a must, European ships, has used century history, to prove his superiority, the countless ships of later generations, the same did not use square bottoms, square bottoms are only used in the lake and water parks of ordinary tour boats.
The pointed bottom, this practice of changing the shape of the entire hull, has not been realized, but it does not mean that Zhao Xin has not changed this experimental ship, in fact, on it, there are many concentrated changes.
For example, the keel made of iron, which is used as a substitute for the wooden keel, which can increase the overall strength, is not rejected by the craftsman, who himself does not know much about the combination keel, and can only follow the traditional method.
Traditionally, a whole piece of wood is used and the rest of the pieces are glued, in which case there is no difference between wood and iron.
The watertight cabin, this craftsman is also half-understood, the construction is just to increase the number of man-hours, the navy attaches great importance to shipbuilding, in addition to their craftsmen and helpers, there is also a lot of labor, adding some watertight cabins This is not a problem.
In fact, the biggest, and also caused a huge controversy, is the sail.
Chinese-style hard sail, high wind efficiency; It can be rotated around the mast and can face the wind. Hard sails are lighter, and because there are support bones, the sail quality requirements are low, even if there are a lot of holes.
Soft sails are mainly crosssails and longitudinal sails, although the wind efficiency of the sail is lower than that of the Chinese hard sail, but the advantage is that the area can be made much larger than the hard sail, and the mast can be higher. The sail should not be walked against the wind, but should be sailed.
From the same weight and area of the sail, the hard sail has a big advantage, and the cost is much lower. However, soft-sail boats generally have a very large sail area and a high mast, which offsets this advantage.
The hard sail, which had been used for thousands of years, was suddenly changed to a soft sail, and the impact was not ordinary, and after a fierce quarrel, especially on the choice of sail, it was simply a quarrel.
Shipbuilding is the most unstoppable, any trick will bring a nightmare, nature will prove how many ships you have, these are not the slightest tricks.
Even Zhao Xin, who has countless 21st century, the most advanced shipbuilding technology hidden in his chest, can only start from the very basics, bit by bit, for example, this new ship is the largest shipbuilder can make.
The use of a new type of steel keel instead of the combination keel, higher strength, better effect, watertight arrangement, and some rivets and screws of the arrangement, greatly saving the use of wood, the use of silk soft sails, is also a pioneer, before the invention of canvas, silk is the most suitable for soft sails.
It was precisely because of the inability to convince the master that in the end, a compromise was chosen, and there was no radical full use, and only two of the four sails were used, and the remaining two hard sails were used to ensure the rational use of soft sails when they were ineffective.
The new ship, like a four-way fusion of various technologies, and even the leading craftsmen do not have the confidence that this ship can achieve the effect of design.
Iron keels aside, although the craftsmen don't know what kind of method these keels are based on, but where the quality is, the iron must be much stronger than the wood.
But the soft sail thing, I don't understand, in some skilled sailors, how can they not understand why this soft sail is better than the hard sail.
When physics was not popular, people naturally thought that hard things could hold back more winds, without knowing that soft sails could gain more stress area at the same height.
In the end, under Zhao Xin's toughness, two soft sails were still set up, but the combination of two hard sails and soft sails made this one ship so nondescript.
Unlike other things, as long as they are manufactured in a short time, you can judge his role, the ship cannot be made in a short time, and even after it is made, it takes a long time to conduct sea trials to find out its points and shortcomings, and then it can be improved.
A technological development that is destined to take decades or hundreds of years has been narrowed down by Zhao Xin to the current time range, and it is almost destined to pay a lot.
Some changes are too much, not easy to accept, for the time being, there is no use, such as the pointed bottom, but Zhao Xin is also prepared, after the largest 800 material ship was built, he picked out the other two groups of people, began to try to build similar ships, because of the relationship between technology, they can not build 800 materials, the start of construction are 80 to 120 material boats, these boats, put on the river boat, it is still possible, but on the sea boat, it is really small, mosquito boats are not exaggerated.
Technology is like this, if most of them are unanimously optimistic, it is easy to implement, unknown, or pioneering direction, which needs to be verified, these small boats, is a process of verification.
In addition to organizing a large number of people and conducting research on subsystems of various branches, it is necessary to prepare for the future.
Before the first ship was still under construction and was not launched, the second, third, and fourth docks were already under construction.
Zhao Xin for the future, positioning is very accurate, 800 materials is just a beginning, Chinese sailing ships, is not the final result, the most suitable for the wooden sailing system of Spanish sailing and Galen ships, this will be the focus of the development of the entire Dinghai naval vessels, then the steady development of technology, will come step by step.
The first one is 800 materials, and after a little trial and triing, the subsystems are proven to be useful, and the experience of other small ships is integrated, and all the technologies are thoroughly understood.
The second will increase to 2,000 materials, which is already the mainstream sea ship in the whole of China, with a displacement of about 700 tons, even among Spanish sailing ships, it is a relatively mainstream type.
However, the galleon of about 700 tons, perhaps in the early days of the Age of Sail, was considered a relatively powerful warship, but with the development of the navy, more massive warships emerged one after another, and in the middle of the 19th century, when the British maritime sovereign class appeared, the theory of 6 class battleships was established.
The first level is a displacement of more than 1,500 tons and 100 guns, at least a large part of which are 10-inch caliber main guns, and such a battleship is Zhao Xin's ultimate goal.
So the third ship of 3,000 materials will eventually reach the peak of 4,000 materials of this era.
This is also the scale of the dock being built, of course, these are already large enough in the eyes of the Dinghai Navy and these shipbuilding craftsmen, but in Zhao Xin's opinion, they are not big enough.
In the era of sail warships, the pinnacle, the first-class battleship positioned by the number of guns, the British maritime sovereign class, even has a displacement of 1,500 tons and has 104 guns, when a hundred guns are fired at once, this is the real sea hegemon.
Perhaps, in later generations, the appearance of steel warships made sail warships gradually obsolete, but in the 11th century, or even in the next few hundred years, this will become an important place.
Of course, Zhao Xin will not only take advantage of the advanced, such as the Galen ship, the Spanish sailing ship and other mature sail warship shapes, but also take advantage of the advantages.
Even if compared with the 19th century, the iron-smelting industry of the Dinghai Navy, whether it is the type and quality of steel, or the output, has completely exploded the world power in the entire 19th century, then the steel warship will also become the future research direction, but this needs to reach a certain level of sail warship to be possible.
Artillery should naturally be placed on the battleship, compared to the inconvenient land, more than 500 kg of artillery, it is difficult to move on land, but at sea, not to mention 500 kg, 10 times the artillery, the same can move quickly, artillery and battleship rich, is the real two aspects of the perfect combination.
For a 10-inch naval gun, the weight of the shell is 64 pounds, and according to the weight of the commonly used cannon 150 to 200 times, the overall weight of the gun is about 5 tons.
When tanks did not appear, power traction did not appear, let alone such a behemoth as 5 tons, even if it was an ordinary 12-pounder gun, weighing about 1300 pounds, it was not easy to move forward.
Unless it is a road that has been repaired in advance, it is not easy to move more than 4 horses and more than a dozen people in the wild environment.
But on a ship, not to mention a 1,500-ton guy like a first-class battleship, even if it is an ordinary sixth-class battleship, it can be easily carried and moved quickly.
This theory is the most rational not only in the era of sail battleships, but also in the era of steel battleships and even super battleships.
When the army was still under the caliber of 180 mm, the caliber of the battleship had already exceeded 400 mm, and even the most terrible, 700 mm naval guns were being studied.
It's just that after World War II, with the development of materials, microelectronics and guided weapons, artillery began to withdraw from the front-line war stage, even if the material is enough to support more than 1000 mm of artillery, but compared with missiles, the effect of this kind of artillery is not high, and there is no need to continue research.
The navy will inevitably take this road of the ocean, and it will inevitably develop thermal weapons, so the development of warships will become the focus, and now, no one realizes that the warships of the Northern Song Dynasty in the future across the seven seas began to develop and shine in this shipyard that was regarded as a rudimentary shipyard.