History, as long as the level of the person who talks about it is enough, the big fart can be talked about for a long time. But in the same way, thousands of years can be summed up. Overall, on the first day of communication, Matthews spoke very well and succeeded in causing a storm in the minds of the attendees that had never been felt before.

The next day, the Sassanid Persian scholar Ardaban gave a lecture on Persian history.

The history of Sasanian alone is only more than 40 years old. But since Matthews has been talking about Rome for a thousand years, Ardaban is naturally not to be outdone. He pushed the history of Persia back to the Achaemenid dynasty, founded by Cyrus II in 559 BC. To talk about the Achaemenid dynasty, it is necessary to talk about how Cyrus the Great made his fortune as a small lord and defeated three seemingly impossible opponents at the time: Medes, Lydia, and Babylon. Since we're talking about these three countries, then, well, we have to start with the origins of the civilization of the two rivers.

The language art of the Persians is extremely high. Although the history of this time is a full 2,000 years, and the Middle East and West Asia are as many as stars in the sky, their rise and fall are extremely fast, and the relationship between them is extremely complicated. However, under the ingenious organization of Aldaban, and Guan Yi consciously sent a plane topographic map of West Asia and the Middle East. Therefore, everyone who attended the meeting on this day also listened with relish.

But after he said this, on the third day, Palmyra's Said appeared a little embarrassed: You have all talked so much, what is Lao Tzu talking about? What you have to know is that Palmyra's time this time is only ten years!

So Said was ruthless, and simply started with the origin of Egyptian civilization, and then talked about the Aegean civilization. Occasionally, the story of Troy is told in detail. Although the real history of Palmyra was told in only a quarter of an hour, in any case, the lecture dragged on for a whole day. And, it seems, after saying that, the effect is quite good. At least later in the after-class question, everyone was very interested in the pyramids of the pharaohs, the commerce of Athens, the militarism of Sparta, and the ending of the city of Troy.

It is said that in a society, only people whose personal humanistic qualities are far above the average level will be interested in history. The only people who can become interested in foreign history are those who have some experience in the study of their own history.

At least the people who listened to the lectures in these three days were all at the top of the Han class. They naturally have such conditions, so they teach for three days. The response was very noticeable and enthusiastic.

"Wonderful! The old man always thought that the Spring and Autumn Period was the most wonderful era in history. I didn't expect that in the West, which was the same era as Zhuzi, there were so many sages and sages who left so many immortal doctrines. ”

"Yes, I didn't expect that there are so many different types of governments and states in this world. There are also powerful countries that rely primarily on commerce. ”

"The world is so big! Unfortunately, we have been confined to the area of the fifteen states of Dahan. Hi! I can't wait, so I will go to ask Da Sima for my life, and when the three kingdom missions return to China, the lower officials will take the initiative to follow the three kingdom missions westward and become visiting scholars. ”

"Great! My boy was born at this time, and that's right. It's just a pity that no matter what, we can't surpass Li Lingbo in the history books. ”

"Well, Ling Bo has opened up the extreme west, and his exploits have surpassed those of the Marquis of Bowang and the Marquis of Dingyuan. In the future, there will be a place for him. However, it would be too arbitrary to say that we can't surpass Li Lingbo in our lives. What if we spread the Chinese civilization to the three Western countries and achieve results in the subsequent exchanges between the countries? At that time, not only the Chinese history books should have our names, but also the other history books of the Three Kingdoms. ”

"Hiss~~~ This is magnificent!"

"Great! I am willing to encourage you together! ”

"It's not just about encouragement, but it's time to go together!"

"Let's go together, I'll wait for tomorrow to go together and ask Da Sima for his life!"

After being stimulated so strongly, the high-ranking officials and scholars of Chang'an either fell into contemplation or were already passionate. At this time, however, in faraway Xiping, Ma Jie and his brothers were caught in what seemed to be a long-lasting race with the shepherd slaves who had arrived from Western Asia.

The core area of the so-called Xiping County is Xining City, the capital of modern Qinghai Province. This place is located on an extremely rare basin on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau formed by the Huangshui. Its natural conditions are much better than the surrounding flat plateaus. The water source is abundant, the terrain is flat, and there are large mountains to protect it, which can be used for grazing and farming. So at the current level of productivity. This place is a tentacle that the Han people stretched out to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

After Ji Han pacified Yongliang, Guan Yi sent Ma Jie to lead 10,000 Han troops to suppress more than 60,000 Jin army captives to come here to Tuntian. At the same time, it has also built this place into the largest war horse breeding base in Jihan.

In the past two or three years, Ma Jie has led this force of more than 70,000 people to open up more than 600,000 acres of barley fields in this river valley basin. More than 2 million acres of grassland in the vicinity were brought under effective control. Nearly 100,000 war horses were raised on this vast grassland. The number of war horses in its herd accounts for more than eighty percent of all the war horses in Jihan and the country.

Therefore, after Li Mi brought back the horses from Persia, Rome and other places, except for a very small number of horses left to pay tribute to the royal family and high-ranking officials in the court, all the other nearly 5,000 horses remained here.

Those who remained here were followed by more than 300 herdsmen who had returned from distant Western Asia.

As Ji Han, who is popular in the study of Guan Xun, officials from all levels understand a truth: the production enthusiasm of slaves is very poor. Therefore, in general, even the serfs in the family estate, the owners of the family rarely took all the output of the serfs. Rather, it was divided with serfs in proportion. In this way, both parties reap the benefits.

It is precisely because of this that Li Mi made it clear after buying these herdsmen: You will no longer be slaves after you reach the Han Dynasty. It's my Han's staff at Xiping Ranch. The same personality has the same **, the same salary. You are free to marry and have children. Your children will not be slaves either. If the horse is well raised, General Ma's reward is absolutely indispensable.

In this way, the whole team of herdsmen burst with great enthusiasm. On the journey back to the east, even the envoys of the Han Dynasty itself died of illness. But this group of herdsmen, who are full of hope and hope for the future, are getting more and more energetic, not to mention the dead, runaway, and left behind, not a single one.

After arriving in Xiping, Ma Jie first let the group eat a delicious meal openly, and then directly advanced three months' salary. So the hearts of the herdsmen were completely settled, and they quickly and actively engaged in their work.

Then, the problem arises.

"General Ma, your method of raising horses like this is wrong. If this method is followed, the horses of my great man will become smaller and smaller, and the bloodline will become more and more impure. ”

"Huh?! What did he say? Is the translation coming? ”

"The general, he said his name was Kunta, and he used to be a stableman in the family of a prince in the province of Sassanid Persian Elam. Then this prince was exterminated by the Persian sands in the sands, and all his retinue was sold into slavery, and he came to us......"

"What did he just say? Ben will raise horses in the wrong way? What's wrong? Let him make it clear! Although my Ma family is not specialized in raising horses, it is definitely the top in this industry! ”

"General Ma, I've been here for three days, and I've traveled to every corner of the grassland. It was found that none of the stallions here were castrated. That's not going to work! It is necessary to take advantage of the season when winter is coming and the wound is not easy to infect, and castrate more than ninety percent of the stallions in the entire horse farm! ”

"What do you say? Have you really been a horse herd before? Don't come to deceive the general, right? With so many stallions, how can we get tens of thousands of mares in this farm pregnant? ”

"One stallion is enough to impregnate hundreds or thousands of mares in one spring. So leaving a very small number of stallions is still enough to get all the mares on the farm pregnant. However, once a mare is pregnant, it cannot be conceived again for a year. Therefore, the vast majority of stallions must be castrated. ”

I don't know which book says that the main reason why China's horse generation is inferior to the first generation is because China has the habit of castrating stallions. As a result, the genes of Chinese horses are getting worse and worse. This erroneous view is not insignificant, causing most people to be upset when it comes to gelding.

Actually, this is a big misunderstanding.

The reason why Chinese horse breeds are getting worse is not because of gelding. On the contrary, precisely not gelding.

Horses are creatures that can begin mating or conception when they are about four or five years old. After conception, the mare is conceived for 11 to 12 months. Generally, only one baby is born at a time. This process lasts until the age of 25~30. In other words, a mare, in her lifetime, if there are no accidents at all, can give birth to more than 20 ponies.

In this process, the stallion's genes are crucial!

Large-scale castration of stallions is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Instead, the stallions that are short, lack stamina, and do not have obvious characteristics of their own race are castrated. Only the strongest stallion is left to be a zhongma: in a word, the weak do not have the right to breed, and there is no need to pass on their genes.

Then after the next generation of ponies is born, the best of the best will be selected, the relatively weak ones will continue to be castrated, and the genetically strong ones will continue to breed as the next generation of centrified horses. In this way, the excellent genes of the horse can be passed down from generation to generation to ensure that it is passed on in an orderly manner.

Chinese war horse breeding does not pay attention to castration in peacetime. As a result, bad genes can also be inherited. (Wild stallions have to fight for breeding rights, and the number of stallions in the breeding farm is too dense, and there is always an opportunity for weaker stallions.) Besides, in the eyes of professional horse breeders, the genes of the stallion who wins the duel may not be the best. And the mare does not accept other stallions during conception. Therefore, if those weaker stallions are not castrated, the inheritance of excellent genes becomes a low-probability event.

"Dear General Ma, I didn't mean to offend you. But it's really not right for you to raise horses like this. Instead, we demarcate a specific area within the ranch. We are responsible for the selective castration of the stallions in this area. At the end of next year, when the newborn ponies are born, we will compete with each of the 1,000 ponies to see whose pony is taller! ”

"Good! This bet should have been made. ”