A brief story about Chapter 12: After the defeat of Sima Hao and Sima Ying, the Xiongnu nobleman Liu Yuan rushed back to the tribe, and when he saw the chaos in the Central Plains, he followed the ancestors of Liu Chan, the emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period, and established the Han and Zhao regimes.

In order to distinguish the Western Han Dynasty created by Liu Bang, the Eastern Han Dynasty created by Liu Xiu, and the Shu Han Dynasty created by Liu Bei, later historians named it Liu Han, Han Zhao, and former Zhao, for convenience, I only call it the Han Zhao regime.

From Liu Yuan's pursuit of Liu Chan as the ancestor, it can be seen that Liu Chan, the last emperor of the Shu Han Dynasty, is not a mediocre talent, not as unbearable as described in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, if you want to understand the difference between the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and real history, you can check the relevant information and lectures, I don't say more, through Liu Yuan's identity as a Xiongnu nobleman, let's talk about the Xiongnu who have invaded our country's Central Plains Dynasty for hundreds of years.

As the overlord of the Mongolian steppe in northern China, the Xiongnu existed in the history of our country for about thousands of years, and it arose in the foothills of Yinshan Mountain, and undoubtedly belonged to the yellow race. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, under the leadership of a great tribal leader Mao Dunshan Yu, he defeated various tribes of the grassland and became the overlord of the northern grassland.

As a nomadic people, the living habits and ways of the Xiongnu tribes are not consistent with our Han ancestors in the Central Plains, their hair is on the left, and the Han ancestors are tied on the right side, in today's words, the hair is scattered, the left placket is pressed on the right placket, and our Han Dynasty ancestors are coiled on the top of the head, and the right placket is pressed on the left placket.

Because our ancestors believed that their cultural etiquette was higher than that of the nomads, the successive dynasties often used insulting words to address the northern nomads.

In fact, the title of the Xiongnu is also a contemptuous name, what exactly do they call themselves, because the Huns do not have a writing, we do not know now, but fortunately, now unearthed the oracle bone inscription of the Shang Dynasty, from which we can learn that the ancestors of the Shang Dynasty called them Longfang, this name is very interesting.

According to legend, the Xiongnu have the same origin as our nation, and they are the descendants of some descendants of the Xia royal family who fled north to the Mongolian steppe when the Xia Dynasty was destroyed by Shang Tang.

When we explore the origin of the Xiongnu, when we talk about our primitive society, in fact, the distinction between nomadic and sedentary people is because when primitive human beings developed different living habits and ways according to environmental and regional factors, two different human races were formed.

The ancestors of the Central Plains Dynasty actually experienced the stage of nomadism, but because of environmental and regional factors, they quickly entered the settled life, and the nomads because the Mongolian steppe is more suitable for raising cattle, sheep and livestock, so the human beings living in the Mongolian steppe have maintained this mode of life by water and grass, in fact, that is to say, the nomadic lifestyle is relatively primitive, so it is very hard, and it is not as free and romantic as we think now.

Because the life of the settled ethnic groups in the Central Plains is relatively stable and affluent, the development of cultural etiquette system is much faster than that of the nomads, so our ancestors gradually developed a sense of superiority over the nomads who were also brothers, and began to look down on them.

But in fact, nomads also have their own characteristics, because they are accompanied by cattle and horses, and their cavalry is much stronger than our settled peoples, and they are more migratory, and they are also very receptive to new things.

When the Xiongnu dominated the northern grasslands in Maodunshan, they began to invade the newly established Western Han Dynasty in the south, and once made the Western Han Dynasty pay tribute to the Xiongnu.

However, after the rule of Wenjing, the Western Han Dynasty began to become stronger, and when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to attack the Xiongnu many times, he won a great victory, which made the Xiongnu's unstable tribal alliance tend to collapse.

The Xiongnu can only be regarded as dominating the northern grasslands, because it is not the name of a single nation, and its main body should be the descendants of our ancestors in the Xia Dynasty. In the face of the continuous attacks of the Western Han Dynasty on the northern grasslands, the Xiongnu of later generations were powerless to resist, and the entire tribal alliance was also dissolved, and the main body of the Xiongnu was divided into the Southern Xiongnu and the Northern Xiongnu, and other small tribes also began their own development. These small tribes include Xianbei during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, as well as Wuhuan during the Three Kingdoms period, etc., these will be talked about later, and now we are mainly talking about the Xiongnu.

The Southern Xiongnu were close to the Central Plains Dynasty, so when faced with the powerful Western Han Dynasty, the Southern Xiongnu chose to return to obedience, and helped the Western Han Dynasty to jointly fight against the Northern Xiongnu, the Northern Xiongnu were cornered, the north was the cold Siberian region that was difficult to survive, and the east was the Xianbei tribe that had been subject to the Xiongnu, but at this time it had been separated from the Xiongnu and began to develop and grow, the south was the Southern Xiongnu and the Central Plains Dynasty, so the Northern Xiongnu had to flee westward, after hundreds of years of migration, came to the European continent, and successively defeated the kingdoms of Europe, Attila, the leader of the Northern Huns, was therefore called the Whip of God by the Europeans, and the Northern Huns remained in Europe, and their descendants are now Hungarians.

When the Eastern Han Dynasty was established, the relationship between the Southern Xiongnu and the Central Plains Dynasty was even further, and there was the story of Zhaojun out of the fortress. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the world was in turmoil, the Southern Xiongnu experienced hundreds of years of peace, the population grew rapidly, and the grasslands in the north have been occupied by the rising Xianbei people, forced to survive, the Southern Xiongnu had to move south in large numbers, began to settle down, and many people have begun to integrate into the Han nation, Cao Cao, who presided over the Eastern Han Dynasty at that time, was afraid of the overpopulation of the Xiongnu, and divided the Xiongnu who moved south into five parts and placed them in different places, which is the origin of the five Xiongnu.

The Southern Huns who continued to live in the northern grasslands began to merge with the emerging Xianbei people, and these Huns were also called the Xiongnu Tiefu Department, in my opinion, the Huns, or the Xianbei people, they were all nomads, and they were all yellow people, but the ancient ancestors attached too much importance to blood. The Tiefu tribe belonged to the Xiongnu, so I guess it is very likely that the small leader of the Xiongnu tribe who stayed in the northern grassland at that time married a woman of the Xianbei tribe, and the Tiefu tribe should still be a Xiongnu. As for the issue of ethnic integration, in fact, it is a very complicated process, and no one can say it clearly, and these are just some of my own thoughts.

With the return of the Three Kingdoms to the Jin Dynasty, the Huns who moved south naturally attached themselves to the Western Jin Dynasty, but when the internal turmoil of the Western Jin Dynasty continued, the Huns who moved south were in a peaceful development environment, the population became more and more prosperous, and because of customs and other issues, it has been integrated with the local Han ancestors, and there were conflicts, at this time, the Huns who moved south had the idea of establishing an independent country, when Liu Yuan, the descendant of the Xiongnu Shan Yu, who was an official in the Western Jin Dynasty, returned to the Xiongnu tribes, Then the Xiongnu tribes finally have a leader to rely on, and at this time the internal chaos of the Western Jin Dynasty has become a pot of porridge, Liu Yuan to establish a country belonging to his own nation is also a logical thing, however, Liu Yuan can not avoid the Han people living in the Central Plains, in fact, Liu Yuan can set the name of the country as Han, respect Liu Chan as the ancestor, indicating that the degree of sinicization of the Xiongnu people who moved in has been very high, I even think that the Xiongnu at that time is very likely to exist only in the understanding of the nation belongs to the Xiongnu, Its living habits and methods are very close to the people of the Han nation, and Liu Yuan raised troops and depended on a large number of people, so there should still be many Han people who were forced to join Liu Yuan's army for life.

Because the ancients did not have the concept of nation, when a large number of nomads moved inward, they were bound to live with the Han people, the culture of the nomads and the culture of the settled peoples were intertwined, and the nomads were far less advanced than the settled peoples in terms of civilization, so the nomads had to learn from the settled peoples, and in the same way, the sedentary peoples would also absorb the advantages of the nomads, so as to improve their own culture, which made our Chinese culture so brilliant and colorful. And the customs and habits of the Han ancestors after the Sixteen Kingdoms period and the Han ancestors before have been very different, which must be the progress of the times, so the Sixteen Kingdoms period is a very important historical period, and now many people are reluctant to talk about this history, one is that the history is very chaotic, and the other is that this history is the humiliating process of our ancestors, in my opinion, this history is not equivalent to the invasion of the Eight-Nation Alliance, because of the intervention of the culture of ethnic minorities, The history of the Sixteen Kingdoms is only a trend of national integration, and it is of an obvious progressive nature.

When the Xiongnu nobleman Liu Yuan raised his arms and shouted, creating a Sinicized Xiongnu regime, then the pace of the Huns' integration into the Han ancestors naturally accelerated, and the establishment of the Han Zhao also sounded the death knell of the Western Jin Dynasty. He may still remember that he is a Xiongnu Shan Yu.