A brief story about Chapter 13: The Gongshi Domain, who was also Sima Ying's general, failed to raise troops, the Gongshi Domain and its subordinate general Jisang were defeated, and the remnants were led by Shi Le to defect to Liu Yuan, who was gradually stronger, Liu Yuan trusted Shi Le, and Shi Le, who was born as a slave, gathered the people of the Qiang people to conquer the city, and his commander was able to be vivid, after Liu Yuan's death, the Emperor of Han Zhao could no longer effectively control Shi Le.

This story illustrates that Shi Le, as an outstanding leader of the Qiang people, came from a humble background, but achieved immortal feats in the kingdom of Han and Zhao. It laid a solid foundation for its establishment of Houzhao. Born as a slave and sold as an adult, Shile is a legendary emperor of the lowest origin in Chinese history. It needs to be explained here that during the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, many nomadic emperors were not called emperors, but kings of heaven. In fact, they have already begun to start feudal rule over the country they created, and whether they are called emperor or not is just a title, and the king of heaven is between the emperor and the prince. In the feudal dynasties before the Sixteen Kingdoms period, no emperor claimed to be the king of heaven. It is very likely that the title of the king of heaven is unique to the country established by the nomads, because in the eyes of the nomads, the sky is greater than everything, and it is already a great thing to be the king of heaven, and there may not be three emperors and five emperors in their minds, and these rulers who claim to be kings should also be deeply aware of the problems faced by the country they have established, and they are not willing to call the emperor directly. This also serves as a self-preservation.

Speaking of Shile, we have to talk about his nation, the Karma people, so let's talk about the Karma people first.

In fact, the Qiang people can not be counted as a nation, because the Qiang people are the Xiongnu when they were strong, expeditions to Central Asia, West Asia, captured local residents, brought back to the Mongolian steppe as slaves, with the passage of time, after hundreds of years of reproduction, to the time of the Western Jin Dynasty, the descendants of these slaves have followed the Southern Xiongnu scattered in North China, the population has reached hundreds of thousands, the ancestors of the Central Plains Dynasty do not know the origin of these high-nosed and bearded, deep-eyed people, and they are all contemptuous of the Qiangren, And there are many kinds of records, there are caravan hu, kari dwarf, etc., but they are all inseparable from a karma character, the interpretation of karma is very interesting, meaning castrated ram. Strictly speaking, the Qiang people were slaves of the Huns, and naturally belonged to the Huns, but from the source, they should be Caucasian people in the Caucasus, but their ethnic origin is no longer verifiable. We also call these people collectively the Karma.

There is no description of Shile's appearance in the history books. It's just that it's different from ordinary people, and I think it's a reflection of Shile's Caucasian ancestry. Moreover, at that time, the Xianbei people who rose in the Xianbei Mountain, which is now the southern foot of the Daxing'an Mountains, were also contemptuously called Bailu by the Han ancestors because of their fair skin, and I guess it is very likely that the ancestors of the Xianbei people should also have the West Asian people who were brought back to the Mongolian steppe as slaves at that time. In other words, the Xianbei people should also belong to the Qian. Therefore, the title of the Karma people is not accurate, in fact, you can also know from these things that the ancients at that time did not have any concept of nation.

And at that time, the ancients called the group of people, the characteristics of the Caucasian people should be more obvious, and the Xianbei people may live in the Xianbei Mountain in the east, which is the southern foothills of today's Daxing'an Mountains, the place of residence is relatively closed, and there are few people who enter, and after many generations of reproduction, the characteristics of the Caucasian people are not obvious, and the name of the birthplace is the family name, so the ancient documents have the difference between the Xiongnu, the Xianbei and the Xianbei.

However, in fact, for the various ethnic groups in the northern steppe, our ancient ancestors did not have much knowledge and understanding, but arbitrarily distinguished them in the Wuhu, which is also a lack in our history, in fact, it is a pity, but in the face of the vast Eurasian continent, the continuous migration of nomads, many tribes fought with each other, integrated with each other, and the ancient ancestors had limited cognition, low level of productivity, and could not record the situation of the northern nomads in detail is also caused by historical reasons, there is no need to delve into it.

However, we modern people should look at the current ethnic issues from a scientific perspective, and we cannot look at today's ethnic minorities from the national perspective of the ancients. Next, we will talk about the various nomads who occupied the Mongolian steppe in various periods of history through the changes of the nomads in the Mongolian steppe.

When the Xiongnu who dominated the grassland were constantly attacked by the Han Dynasty, or moved westward or annexed, the emerging Xianbei people replaced the Xiongnu to dominate the northern grasslands, but the internal strife of the Western Jin Dynasty made the Xianbei people soon take advantage of the turmoil of the Central Plains Dynasty in the south to establish a state. And another tribe in the northern grassland, Rouran, began to rise, Rouran was actually one of the many tribes in the grassland, in its weak age, like the Qian, was the slave of the grassland overlord Xianbei people, but when Xianbei invaded the south, the gradually powerful Rouran gradually broke away from Xianbei and became strong, and also established a tribal alliance with the name of Rouran in the Mongolian steppe, after more than 100 years of development, the Turks, another tribe that had been ruled by it, smelting iron for it, began to rise, and drove away the main body of the Rouran tribe, Once again, they dominated the grassland, and Rouran also took the old path of the Xiongnu, some of them migrated south to join the Northern Wei Dynasty at that time, and integrated into the Xianbei people, and some of them migrated westward and integrated into the ethnic groups of European countries.

After the Turks dominated the Mongolian steppe, the Central Plains Dynasty had entered the period of Tang Dynasty rule, in fact, the relationship between the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains was the same, the struggle between the Turks and the Tang Dynasty was also inevitable, but as the Tang Dynasty continued to attack the Turks in the north, the Turks were also divided into the Eastern Turks and the Western Turks, the Eastern Turks were close to the Tang Dynasty, and were forced to annex and merge with the ancestors of the Tang Dynasty, and the Western Turks also moved westward to the current Turkish Peninsula, and their descendants destroyed the Eastern Roman Empire. A powerful empire was established called Ottoman Turkey, and the descendants of the Western Turks remained in what is now the Republic of Turkey.

When the Turks were defeated, the Khitan tribe under its rule also began to rise, by virtue of the chaos of the Central Plains region of five dynasties and ten countries, the establishment of a dynasty we all know Liao Dynasty, when the Liao Dynasty became strong, it was inevitable to begin the southern invasion, but at this time the Northern Song Dynasty had unified the Central Plains, successfully blocked the Khitan nation from going south, the two countries concluded the alliance of the Yuanyuan, the Liao Dynasty could only look at the Central Plains and could not cross the Lei Chi step, with the resistance of the Jurchens who were enslaved by the Khitans, the Great Liao Empire that enjoyed the country for nearly 200 years perished, The Khitan nation also faced two choices, the Western Liao established by the tribes that moved west, and finally died in Mongolia, and its tribes merged into the various ethnic groups in Central Asia and West Asia, and the Khitan tribes who moved south merged into the Han people, but a small number of people in the Khitan nation have fortunately survived to this day, that is, the Daur people in the northeast.

About the Jurchen account, the ancient historical books call it Su Shen, in fact, it is also a transliterated name, I want to say that the nomadic Jurchens originated in the northeast region, in fact, like the Xiongnu, is also a loose tribal alliance, the Jurchens are also divided into many tribes, and can not be used as a single ethnic name, when the last years of the Ming Dynasty, after Nurhachi unified the Jianzhou Jurchen and Haixi Jurchen, Huang Taiji changed the Jurchen to Manchuria, which is the real appearance of the Manchus, however, Nurhachi was not like Temujin, Completely unified the various tribes of the Jurchens, and many small tribes of the savage Jurchens have been preserved to this day, such as the Hezhe, Oroqen, Evenki, etc., some ethnic minorities in the northeast, their ancestors were the tribes of the Jurchens who were not annexed by Nurhachi at that time. After the fall of the Jin State, most of the Jurchen Wanyan tribe that established the Jin State had been sinicized, and a very small part of them were reintegrated into other Jurchen tribes.

When the Jin State established by the Jurchen Wanyan Department was strong, the various tribes of the Mongolian steppe near the Jin State had to attach themselves to the Jin State, you must know that there were many of these tribes, such as the Tatar tribe, the Taichi Wu tribe, the Naiman tribe, etc., the larger ones were six, and the smaller tribes were more

In the middle and late stages of the Jin Kingdom, there was a proud son of heaven on the Mongolian steppe, that is, Temujin, the leader of the Mongolian Qiyan tribe on the steppe, who skillfully unified the various tribes of the steppe with the help of the contradictions of the various tribes of the steppe, as well as the contradictions between the various tribes and the Jin State, and Temujin was also honored as Genghis Khan by the tribes of the steppe. When the Mongolian Qiyan tribe completely conquered all the tribes in the northern steppe, they established the Great Mongol Empire, referred to as Mongolia, so the nomads on the steppe also had a unified title called Mongol, which has been used to this day.

Regarding the various nomadic peoples who dominated the northern steppe in history, I will only briefly review them, and then I will describe them in detail.

For the nomads on the Mongolian steppe to invade the south and move westward, I think that when the nomads are strong, the ecological environment of the steppe is unable to carry too many people and livestock, so these strong nomads must choose the direction of migration, the north is Siberia, the climate is cold, not suitable for survival, and the east is now the Russian Far East, near the Pacific Ocean, the living environment is also not optimistic, and the westward migration and southward are better choices, but the westward migration is a yellow sand road, the difficulty is much greater than going directly south, and located in the southern part of the northern grasslands of the Central Plains Dynasty is relatively rich, can completely allow the rapid growth of the population of the nomads to obtain survival resources, so the nomads who dominated the grassland in the past generations without exception preferred to migrate south, the Central Plains Dynasty is strong, the southern invasion is blocked, they have to move west, if the Central Plains Dynasty is weak, they will also be in the Central Plains region to establish the emperor, and finally integrate in the Han nation.

When the various tribes of the northern steppe were annexed by Temujin, they were completely unified, and after the Mongolian people were strong with a unified name, they naturally carried out the western expedition and the southern invasion, and what is amazing is that the Mongols with the help of the advanced technology and system of the Central Plains Dynasty, the western expedition and the southern invasion were all successful, and built a great empire that almost dominated the world. After the death of Temujin, the great empire was divided among the four sons of the son, the northern steppe and the Central Plains, and the younger son Tulei, after the death of Tulei, his son Kublai Khan won the struggle for the throne of Khan, and defeated the Southern Song Dynasty and established the Yuan Dynasty.

Temujin's family, surnamed Xiao'er Zhijin, the various tribes on the grassland call their family the Golden Family, and the information that the Erjin means that they are blue-eyed people, which shows that Temujin's family also has Caucasian blood, and I think of the Qiang people during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and I boldly guess that Temujin Xing may be a descendant of Shile

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