About Chapter 39 Story Introduction: After Murong Chui defected to the Former Qin Empire, the Former Yan Empire was in a miasma of government under the rule of the Empress Dowager Kezuhun and Emperor Murong Wei, and the country was full of crises, the former Qin Emperor Fu Jian ordered Wang Meng to lead the army to defeat the Former Yan on the grounds that the former Yan did not fulfill his promise to cede land for help, Wang Meng took the opportunity to use the golden knife strategy, and wanted Fu Jian to kill Murong Chui to prevent future troubles, but Fu Jian was very lenient and benevolent, pardoned Murong Chui, and took Murong Chui to support Wang Meng who conquered the former Yan, The Former Yan Empire was finally destroyed by the Former Qin Empire because the Empress Dowager Kezuhun and the Emperor Murong Wei had no political ability, and enjoyed the country for 33 years.

In fact, because the degree of sinicization of the Xianbei Murong Department of the former Yan Empire was far less high than that of the Di people who established the former Qin Empire, and in the choice of the ruling class, the former Qin Empire belonged to the Shu landlord class and became the experimental object of the ruling class, but because of the superiority of the Shu landlord class, the former Yan Empire, which mainly took the aristocratic landlord class as the ruling class, could not be the opponent of the former Qin Empire, and was annexed by the former Qin Empire, which was also reasonable, and in just one year or so, the entire Central Plains region completely belonged to the former Qin Empire.

It can be seen from this that the landlord class of the Shu nationality has self-evident advantages over other ruling classes for the rule of the feudal dynasty.

However, during this period, the Shu landlord class was still in the stage of trying to charge the ruling class, and with the death of Wang Meng, the power of the Han Shu was hit, and finally the situation of the Han men controlling the government was finally formed in the later period of the Northern Dynasty. Because of the wars during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the children of the Hanmen Shu people were given the opportunity to realize their political ideals and ambitions, and the nomads who entered the Central Plains also belonged to the Hanmen Shu people, which made the children of the Hanmen Shu people continue to enter the ruling class of the feudal dynasty, and finally laid a good foundation for the Shu landlord class after the Sui and Tang dynasties to become the ruling class of the feudal dynasty. We will take this opportunity to talk about the Northern Dynasties.

In the Xianbei Tuoba Department established by the Northern Wei Dynasty to destroy the last Northern Liang Kingdom of the Sixteen Kingdoms, that is, in 439 AD, the northern land was reunited, and the Northern Dynasty began, in fact, I think so, after the Northern Wei Dynasty ended the troubled times of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the northern land under its rule was not stable, the remnants of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the nobles within the Northern Wei Dynasty were ready to move, until the reign of the Empress Dowager of Civilization and the Xiaowen Emperor Tuoba Hong, the various tribes of the nomads who entered the Central Plains were large-scale sinicization, and the Northern Wei Dynasty began to stabilize, Of course, because the Northern Wei Dynasty vigorously advocated sinicization and still relied on the scholar landlord class as the ruling class, the Northern Wei Dynasty was also full of contradictions, and at the same time, because the main nomadic Xianbei Tuoba tribe that established the Northern Wei Dynasty was more sinicized, so it was difficult to have a military advantage over other nomadic tribes, and the nobles of the Xianbei Tuoba tribe who were more sinicized began to yearn for the luxurious life of the family, and the corruption problem of the Northern Wei Dynasty became increasingly prominent.

Especially after the death of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, his son Tuoba Ke succeeded to the throne, because of the Sinicization reform of Emperor Xiaowen, the surname of the Northern Wei Dynasty Tuoba has been changed to the Han surname Yuan, Tuoba Ke can also be called Yuan Ke, because the Sinicization reform conforms to the historical trend and advances rapidly, so during the reign of Emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty began to blow the wind of extravagance, the national politics are becoming darker, class contradictions, and the national conflict began to be undoubtedly exposed under the corrupt political atmosphere. However, Tuoba Ke only used his father's rich political legacy to expand the territory, but could not effectively solve the problem of corruption in the administration of officials, and the Northern Wei Dynasty began to decline from the end of Tuoba Ke's reign.

After the death of Tuoba Ke, the Northern Wei Dynasty seemed to stabilize the political situation, because Tuoba Ke's son Tuoba Xu was only five years old when he succeeded to the throne, unable to deal with military affairs, resulting in Tuoba Xu's biological mother Empress Dowager Hu's dictatorship, Empress Dowager Hu has no political talent, will only be greedy for pleasure, its heavy use of traitorous ministers to disrupt the government for more than ten years, the people of all ethnic groups in the northern land are miserable, due to the border areas at the junction of the northern Mongolian steppe controlled by the Rouran tribe have been famine, Empress Dowager Hu is not effective in disaster relief, Finally broke out the Huns broke out the Six Towns Uprising led by the Six Han Baling, although the Empress Dowager Hu extinguished the raging fire of the peasant rebel army with the help of the Rouran army, but many local generals of the Northern Wei Dynasty held real power, just like the division of feudal towns at the end of the Tang Dynasty. At this time, Tuoba Xu came to adulthood, because he was dissatisfied with his mother's misdeeds, and the secret edict of the foreign domain general Er Zhurong entered the king of Jingqin, did not want to leak the matter, but was poisoned by his mother Empress Dowager Hu, Er Zhurong heard the news, and established the Northern Wei clan Yuanzi Yu as the emperor, led the troops to attack the capital Luoyang, killed the Empress Dowager Hu, and posthumously called Tuoba Xu as the emperor of filial piety, Er Zhurong controlled the power of the court, known as the change of Heyin.

After the change in Heyin, Emperor Wuhuai of the Northern Wei Dynasty Yuanziyou was unwilling to be Er Zhurong's puppet, and took the opportunity to assassinate Er Zhurong, Er Zhurong's subordinates were angry, and killed Tuoba Ziyou, since Tuoba Ziyou was killed, the real power generals in various places came from different nomadic tribes, seeing that the central power was in turmoil, they attacked each other and expanded their power, just like the recurrence of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, but these real power figures did not directly call the king the emperor, but continued to support the royal family of the Northern Wei Dynasty as the emperor, During this period, the emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty kept changing, but they did not have any real power, and the Northern Wei Dynasty was a dynasty that existed in name only.

From these powerful generals continue to support the Northern Wei royal family as the emperor, it can be seen that the tribes of the various nomads who have entered the Central Plains have been very deep, and they know the complex truth of coercing the Son of Heaven to order the princes, and similarly, in this period can also be said to be the return of the various tribes of these sinicized nomads, after five years of warlord melee, in the end, Yuwentai, a descendant of the Xianbei Yuwen Department who was born in the peasant rebel army, occupied the Guanzhong region and supported the Northern Wei royal family Yuan Xiu as the emperor, known as the Western Wei Dynasty, Er Zhurong general, Gao Huan, a Xianbei Han who was also born in the peasant rebel army, occupied the Kwantung region, and also supported Yuan Shanjian, a relative of the Northern Wei royal family, as the emperor, known as the Eastern Wei Dynasty in history, and the Northern Wei Dynasty that once occupied the Central Plains ceased to exist.

However, because the power of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty was in the hands of the Gao Huan family and the Yuwentai family, the Eastern Wei Emperor Yuan Shanjian was also unwilling to be the puppet of the Gao family. After the death of the de facto controller Yu Wentai, the Western Wei regime was replaced by the Northern Zhou regime established by his son Yu Wenjue. In fact, that is to say, the Eastern Wei and Western Wei regimes appeared on the surface of the split of the Northern Wei Dynasty, in fact, the Eastern Wei and Western Wei regimes were completely in the hands of the ministers, and using Wei as the name of the country was nothing more than a means for Gao Huan and Yuwentai to deceive the world and steal their reputations, both of them wanted to be Cao Cao's second, leaving the usurpation of the throne to future generations, and they chatted in the name of the Duke of Zhou to masturbate.

Speaking of which, you can see that in fact, in the middle and late stages of the Northern Dynasties, that is, when the two regimes of the Eastern Wei and Western Wei dynasties coexisted, the overall trend of the great integration of the whole nation can be said to be completely completed, in fact, this is the fourth stage of the great national integration, the period of complete completion, because this period is called the Northern Dynasty in history, not in the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms that we are talking about, so we did not mention it before.

From the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty to the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the northern land of China has been in the historical period of ethnic integration, because after thousands of years of development, the tribes of the various nomadic tribes living in the north of our country have made great progress, and because the ruling class of the feudal dynasty created by the ancestors of the Han nationality at that time was unable to control the political context of the great integration of nationalities, and finally evolved into the melee confrontation between the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but with the complete completion of the great national integration, The tribes of various nomadic tribes merged among the Han ancestors, and the establishment of the unified Sui Dynasty by Yang Jian, who had nomadic and Han ancestral blood, was also the inevitable result of historical development.

It can be seen that the entire period of national integration can be divided into four stages: the first stage is from the founding of the Cheng Han regime and the Han Zhao regime to the demise of the Ran Wei regime, that is, the initial integration period of national integration; The second stage is from the founding of the former Qin regime and the former Yan regime to the demise of the former Qin regime, that is, the continued integration period of national integration; The third stage is the reform of Emperor Xiaowen from the founding of the Later Yan regime and the Later Qin regime to the Northern Wei Dynasty, that is, the basic completion period of national integration; The fourth stage is the reform of Emperor Xiaowen until the Sui Dynasty destroyed the southern Chen world and reunified it, that is, the complete completion of the national integration.

What we are talking about now is the fall of the former Yan Empire established by the Xianbei Murong Tribe, which is just a fragment in the period of continued integration of ethnic groups. Although the former Yan Empire perished, the people of the Xianbei Murong tribe who had lived in the northern region still had a large population, although they were not as high as the Sinicization of the Di people, but they also quickly moved towards a settled life in the day and night with the Han ancestors, and the country they created perished, and the Di people were basically no different from the Han ancestors. The vast number of Xianbei Murong tribes, who were so eager to sinicize, and the hatred of the Di people who destroyed their country did not coincide, so they waited for the opportunity to make a comeback.

Former Qin Emperor Fu Jian did not know all kinds of contradictions between the various tribes of the nomadic people, and his broad-mindedness may have been produced in order to accommodate these contradictions, since he took in the nobles of the Xianbei Murong tribe, Murong Chui, he led the Di people to destroy the former Yan Empire established by the Xianbei Murong tribe, and Fu Jian, who was also Han Na Baichuan, still accepted all the nobles of the Xianbei Murong tribe, showing his generosity and fraternity, and all the nobles of the Xianbei Murong tribe were placed in the court or local officials. Fu Jian's move was originally intended to resolve the hatred between each other with his benevolent actions, but how could the hatred of ruining the country and destroying the family be easily resolved, and the future of the former Qin Empire will definitely be a bloody storm.