About Chapter 67 Story Introduction: Duan Ye, the lord of the Northern Liang Kingdom, saw that Li Wei, the Taishou of Dunhuang, founded the Xiliang Dynasty, and wanted to seize the power of the country from the hands of the Fuqu Mengxun brothers, and then sent troops to recruit Li Wei, but as a result, he not only cut off his arm and killed his cronies Ma Quan, but also killed the loyal Fuqu Nancheng, causing the evil consequences of betrayal and separation of his relatives.

In this story, Duan Ye, the lord of Beiliang Kingdom, finally paid a terrible price for his mediocrity and incompetence. The Beiliang regime also moved towards the path of stable development with the successful usurpation of the throne by Fuqu Mengxun. At this time, the four Liang countries in the Liangzhou region stood side by side, and after obtaining the position of the lord of the Northern Liang State, the Fuqu Mengxun also had to carry out its own foreign wars in accordance with the national strategy of controlling Liangzhou, dominating the northwest, and then drawing the Central Plains, but the primary purpose of the Fuqu Mengxun was naturally to deal with Li Wei, the lord of the Western Liang who raised troops and stood on his own, and Li Wei naturally had to compete with the Beiliang regime if he wanted to complete the hegemony, so the Beiliang regime and the Xiliang regime checked and balanced each other in the frequent wars in the western region of Liangzhou. And the lord of the Southern Liang State in the eastern region of Liangzhou, Bald Lilu Gu, naturally wanted to give the last blow to the already dying Houliang regime, and the Houliang regime was also unwilling to ruin the country, so that for a time the Liangzhou area was full of wolves. The Western Liang regime and the Northern Liang regime continued to conquer, and the Southern Liang regime and the Later Liang regime attacked and defended frequently. Among these four Liang countries, only the Hou Liang regime stuck to Guzang in the wind and rain, trying its best to delay the time of the destruction of the country and the extinction of the species, and the other three Liang countries all tried their best to develop their national strength in war and peace, and gradually reached a balance of mutual restraint among the three countries.

At about the same time, the Later Qin Empire, which occupied the Guanzhong region, developed under the rule of Emperor Yao Xing, and was ready to eliminate the Western Qin regime entrenched in the Longxi region. In contrast, the Northern Wei Dynasty, which had just occupied the Kwantung region, and the Later Yan regime, which retreated to the Liao River Valley, and the Southern Yan regime, which established a state in Shandong, had a relatively short period of peaceful development. In fact, this also has a lot to do with the fact that the Xianbei Murong Department and the Xianbei Tuoba Department, which have a relatively large difference in sinicization, need to complete the sinicization in the Kanto region and complete the integration. And the fighting between the various tribes in the northwest also reflects the arrival of such a coming, that is, the tribes of these nomads need to obtain the opportunity of sinicization and integration in the annexation.

In fact, at the end of the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, there were nearly ten or so regimes in the northern land, mainly because the various tribes of the nomadic people needed to complete the sinicization of their own tribes as quickly as possible in the feudal statehood, and the Xianbei ethnic group in the Kanto region was relatively large because of the large difference in sinicization, and the population size was larger, so when the Xianbei Tuoba tribe occupied most of the Kanto region, its subordinates must have basically completed the integration of the Xianbei Murong tribe of the Sinicization, so the relationship between these two tribes of the same Xianbei ethnic group is not complicated, So it can show a relatively peaceful scene of integration, and the various tribes of the nomads of the Northwest Territories. There is not much difference between sinicization,All stay in the primary and intermediate stages of sinicization,And these tribes come from a wide range of sources,The population size of each tribe is not large,The relationship between them is complex,The way of sinicization is more barbaric and low-level,So,The attack between each other is more intense,The integration scene shown is also more chaotic。 However, the Later Qin Empire, which was built by the Qiang group, was about to complete the sinicization of the Qiang group, and its national strength was bound to decline at the moment of its heyday.

We have been talking about the four Liang countries, in the mutual attack will inevitably have a regime that can finally have the last laugh and complete the great cause of dominating the Liangzhou region, and now, the Houliang regime must be difficult to achieve the feat of completing the unification of Liangzhou again, only the Western Liang regime, the Southern Liang regime and the Northern Liang regime are qualified to complete this historical mission, but the national strength of these three regimes is not much different, it depends on which regime has a higher political talent.

And we can see through the process of the founding and change of ownership of the Beiliang regime that as the leader of the Xiongnu Lushui Hu lineage, Fuqu Mengxun must be said to be a figure with great military strategy and political vision, and his personal ability and life experience are comparable to that of Murong Chui, the leader of the Xianbei Murong Department, and Duan Ye, the main body of the Beiliang State, is a ruler who has no foundation and mediocre talents, and cannot control the frustration of Mengxun at all, and the main body of the construction of the Beiliang regime is still the various tribes of the Xiongnu Lushui Hu system, so, In comparison, Li Wei, the lord of Xiliang, seems to only have a certain level of governing ability, and his military ability is not too prominent, while the lord of Nanliang is bald and lilu is more powerful, and his political ability does not seem to be too prominent, so as long as Fuqu Mengxun can live longer like Murong Chui, The great cause of dominating Liangzhou is naturally the only one.

However, because the Xiongnu Lu Shuihu system was far less powerful than the Xianbei Murong Empire, the Northern Liang regime constructed by the Lu Shuihu system was naturally not as strong as the Former Yan Empire and the Later Yan Empire established by the Xianbei Murong Clan, however, under the leadership of the resourceful Fuqu Mengxun, the Northern Liang regime will also take advantage of the battle for hegemony in the Liangzhou region. Moreover, from the entrepreneurial process of the founding monarchs of various regimes in the northwest region, we can see that the Western Qin regime established by the Xianbei beggar tribe and the Nanliang regime established by the Xianbei bald tribe both began to embark on the road of feudal statehood in the process of annexing the surrounding small tribes, and the Xiliang regime was established through the self-reliance of Li Wei, the Taishou of Dunhuang. Only the Northern Liang regime established by the Xiongnu Lushui Hu system was determined by seizing the cities of the Houliang regime to determine the foundation of its own state, so among the nomads in the northwest region, the degree of sinicization of the Xiongnu Lushui Hu system may be higher than that of the Xianbei beggar department and the Xianbei bald tribe, and among all the regimes in the northwest region, the Beiliang regime has experienced more wars and coups d'état, and it is difficult to rejuvenate the country, and the Beiliang regime is naturally more tenacious in these regimes, so the Beiliang regime may be slightly higher than the Nanliang regime in terms of overall national strength. The Western Qin regime and the Western Liang regime, on the whole, the Northern Liang regime should be the most promising to eventually become the overlord of the Liangzhou region.

In fact, the lord of the Northern Liang Dynasty, Fuqu Mengxun, lived to the year of the sixtieth year, under his rule, the Northern Liang regime successively defeated the Southern Liang regime, defeated the Western Liang regime, and completed the great cause of dominating Liangzhou, but the land of Liangzhou was difficult to compete with the Central Plains Dynasty after all, but due to regional reasons, the Northern Liang regime still retained a certain period of enjoyment, becoming the last regime in the Sixteen Kingdoms to be destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty, and its death time was the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, that is, 439 AD.

As for the founding time of the Beiliang regime, current historians have two views, one is that it is the time when the Fuqu Mengxun brothers supported Duan Ye as the Liangzhou pastor, that is, 397 AD, and the other view is that it is the time when the Fuqu Mengxun killed Duan Ye to stand on his own, that is, 401 AD, I think it is more accurate to take 397 AD as the founding time of the Beiliang regime, although the ruler of the Beiliang regime changed hands, but the entire state structure of the Beiliang regime has not changed, although Duan Ye was not a puppet of the Fuqu Mengxun brothers during his reign, However, most of the power of the Northern Liang regime is still controlled by the Fuqu Mengxun brothers, so the regime controlled by Duan Ye and the Fuqu Mengxun is in the same line, and there should be no two founding times, the situation of the Beiliang regime changing hands, a bit like the Tian dynasty Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the country surname has changed, and the country name has not changed, and the national ruling structure has not changed, we will take 397 AD as the time of the founding of the Beiliang regime is more appropriate, otherwise we can not make a proper name for Duan Ye as the regime of Liangzhou Mu, Even if it is too far-fetched and arbitrary to name a Dongliang or something, then, Duan Yezhi's regime and Fuqu Mengxun's regime are the same country name, which is just right, so calculated, the Beiliang regime has enjoyed the country for 42 years, and it is indeed a regime that has existed for a relatively long time among the sixteen countries.

In fact, the establishment and demise of the five Liang regimes in the Liangzhou region is not a microcosm of the great ethnic integration during the entire Sixteen Kingdoms period? The former Liang regime is like the great unified dynasty built by the Han ancestors before the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and the Northern Liang regime is similar to the Northern Wei Dynasty where the nomads in all the northern regions finally basically completed the sinicization, and the Later Liang regime, the Western Liang regime and the Southern Liang regime are completely equivalent to the various regimes of the Sixteen Kingdoms that the Han ancestors and nomads died out in the bloody war of ethnic integration, but the nomadic ethnic groups in the Liangzhou area are relatively small. The regimes established by these nomads often do not have a far-reaching influence on the regimes established by the nomads who entered the Central Plains, so people now know little about the five Liang regimes during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, but the five Liang regimes during the Sixteen Kingdoms period have made outstanding contributions to the development of China's northwest region, which is what we should remember most today.

In fact, until the end of the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the descendants of the Northern Liang regime and the Western Liang regime were still active in the political arena of the northwest region, after the fall of the Western Liang regime, Li Bao, the grandson of Li Hui, led the remnants to flee to the Western Regions, and re-established the Xiliang regime in today's Hami area of Xinjiang, known as the Later Xiliang in history, also known as the Yiwu Xiliang and Yiwu Kingdom, and after the fall of the Beiliang regime, the son of Fuqu Mengxun, Fuqu Wuxian, also led the remnants to flee to the Western Regions, and also re-established the Beiliang regime in the Turpan area of today's Xinjiang, known as the Later Beiliang, Also known as Gaochang Beiliang, the ancient city of Gaochang is still a tourist attraction, we can imagine that these two small countries in our Central Plains Dynasty are completely pocket regimes, in the Western Regions at that time played an important role in the spread of Chinese culture.