About Chapter 43 Story Synopsis: After the former Liang State advocated the usurpation of Tianxi, he played excessively, and the government was abandoned. Li Yan, a rebel general in Qianliang, was under the blow of Zhang Tianxi. The former Qin Empire was introduced as foreign aid and forced Zhang Tianxi to claim vassal status to the former Qin Empire, but after the death of the former Qin Empire emperor Fu Jian, after the death of the strategist Wang Meng, he sent troops to the northwest again, completely letting Zhang Tianxi enter Chang'an as a minister, and the former Liang regime, which had been established for 75 years, came to an end.

As a corner of the Chinese land, the former Liang regime has made an indelible contribution to the development of China's northwest region, but with the strength of the Central Plains Dynasty, the vast and sparsely populated former Liang regime will inevitably go to extinction.

The so-called ten kingdoms were: Southern Wu, Southern Tang, Wuyue, Southern Chu, Former Shu, Later Shu, Southern Han, Nanping (also known as Jingnan), Fujian, and Northern Han. Among them, except for the Northern Han regime, which was established in the northern region, the remaining nine countries were all in the south. Because the country did not have a fixed territory in ancient times, and its ruling area was closer to the sphere of influence, so these ten countries were the same as the territory of other feudal dynasties in ancient times, sometimes large and sometimes small, and the regions controlled by these secession regimes were a bit like our provinces and jurisdictions today, for example: the former Shu regime and the Later Shu regime were divided into Shu land, the Southern Wu regime and the Southern Tang regime were divided into the Jiangnan region, the Wu Yue regime in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions, the Min regime in the Fujian region, and the Southern Han regime in the Lingnan region. The Southern Chu regime in Hunan, the Nanping regime in the Jiangling region, and the Northern Han regime in the Hedong region. Among the ten local separatist regimes, the stronger one is the Southern Tang regime, and the weaker is the Nanping regime, because we have said before that the former Shu regime and the later Shu regime seized the Shu land, so I will not say more here, and I will talk about the remaining eight local regimes in turn.

Yang Xingmi, the founder of the Southern Wu regime, was born in poverty, participated in the peasant rebellion at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and was defeated by the Tang Dynasty to recruit An, and served as the Huainan Army Festival Envoy, at this time the Tang Dynasty was stormy, and the guards around the country attacked each other and expanded the territory, Yang Xingmi also continued to annex the warlords in various parts of the Jiangnan region, and gradually mastered the military and political power in the Jiangnan region, after Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, he tried to capture the Jiangnan region, but was defeated by Yang Xingmi, and the Southern Wu regime also established the status of the kingdom, after Yang Xingmi's death, his son Yang Wu had a lot of fun, Killed by the general Xu Wen and others, Xu Wen supported Yang Xingmi's brother Yang Longyan to inherit the position of the lord of Southern Wu, but the power of Southern Wu was in the hands of Xu Wen, Xu Wen ordered his son Xu Zhixun to control the government, Yang Longyan was insulted by Xu Zhixun, but the rebellious Xu Zhixun was also killed in the mutiny, but Xu Wen's adopted son Xu Zhihe pacified the mutiny, the Xu family once again held the power of Southern Wu, Yang Longyan died of depression, his younger brother Yang Pu succeeded to the throne, after Xu Wen died of illness, his Xu Zhihe usurped the power of Southern Wu, and claimed to be a descendant of the Li Tang royal family, renamed Li Yu, named Tang, known as Southern Tang in history.

The Southern Tang Dynasty regime under the governance of Li Yu, rest with the people, make good friends with neighbors, the national strength is strong, after Li Yu's death, his son Li Jing succeeded to the throne, Li Jing relied on the strong kingdom left by his father to continue to go out to conquer, defeated the Min regime and the Southern Chu regime in the ten countries, so that the territory of the Southern Tang Dynasty reached the maximum stage, during this period, the Central Plains region has entered the ruling stage of the Later Zhou Dynasty, Li Jing united with the Liao Dynasty, the north and the south attacked, suppressed the Later Zhou Dynasty, and finally triggered the Later Zhou Shizong Chai Rong to conquer the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Jing was defeated, and cut the land and called the ministers to seek peace, The Southern Tang Dynasty regime then declined, after Li Jing's death, his son Li Yu succeeded to the throne, is a famous emperor in the history of our country, his literary attainments are extremely high, but he has no talent to govern the country and command the army, and was finally captured by the Northern Song Dynasty that replaced the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the Southern Tang Dynasty also perished.

Liu Yin, the founder of the Southern Han Dynasty, was born in a military family, his father Liu Qian was meritorious in quelling the Huangchao Uprising, and served as the assassin of Fengzhou, after Liu Qian died of illness, Liu Yin took the throne, Liu Yin was very politically talented, and he held high the banner of supporting the Tang Dynasty, and constantly annexed the warlords in the Lingnan region, not only made himself very relied on by the Tang Dynasty, but also made his power gradually stronger, when the Tang Dynasty was already in the hands of Zhu Wen, Liu Yin bribed Zhu Wen heavily, served as the Lingnan Festival envoy, Liu Yin reused Lingnan people, Accept the Han ancestors who fled to the Lingnan region due to the war in the Central Plains, vigorously develop the Lingnan region, and submit to the Later Liang Dynasty established by Zhu Wen, after Liu Yin's death, his younger brother Liu Yan succeeded to the throne, Liu Yan completely swept away the separatist warlords in the Lingnan region, ascended the throne and called the emperor, and founded the Han Dynasty, known as the Southern Han Dynasty, Liu Yan worked hard to bring the Southern Han into its heyday, but after his death, his son Liu Jue succeeded to the throne, Liu Ying was greedy for pleasure, abandoned the government, and was killed by his brother Liu Sheng, Liu Sheng is not the master of success, his tyranny and unreasonable, indiscriminate killing of innocents, The Southern Han Dynasty was full of complaints, the national strength of the Southern Han Dynasty also greatly declined, after Liu Sheng died of illness, his son Liu Gang succeeded to the throne, Liu Gang and his father, mediocre and brutal, at this time, the Northern Song Dynasty has ended the five generations of troubled times, completed the reform of the festival system, opened the process of unifying the world, the Southern Han regime faced the attack of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was no resistance, Liu Gang had to surrender the whole country, and the Southern Han Dynasty perished.

Before Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, Ma Yin continued to go out to fight and pacify the various warlords in Hunan, after Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, Ma Yin pursued the policy of "serving the Son of Heaven, Fu Shimin, the internal Jing rebellion, and the external imperial vassal", and vigorously developed the Hunan region for decades, making the Southern Chu regime prosperous, but after Ma Yin's death, his later rulers adopted the inheritance system of brother to brother, causing civil strife in the Southern Chu regime, and the neighboring Southern Tang regime seized the opportunity, defeated the Southern Chu regime, but soon, the old generals of the Southern Chu regime rebelled again, expelled the Southern Tang army, the old general of the Southern Chu regime Zhou Xingfeng finally took control of the Hunan region, Zhou Xingfeng was critically ill, Zeng Tuo was lonely in the generals, and left a last word, admonishing the young son Zhou Baoquan how to deal with the rebellion of his subordinates, after Zhou Xingfeng died of illness, there was really a general rebellion, but Zhou Baoquan mishandled, although the rebellion was quelled, but the timing of its request for help was inappropriate, resulting in the Northern Song Dynasty army entering the Hunan region, Zhou Baoquan had to submit to the Northern Song Dynasty.

Wang Shenzhi, the founder of the Fujian regime, was also born in the family of small officials, and his three brothers participated in the peasant rebel army at the end of the Tang Dynasty, but the peasant army that Wang Shenzhi participated in in order to preserve their strength, turned to the Fujian region where the Tang Dynasty's ruling power was weak, and his brother Wang Chao seized the position of the leader of the peasant army, and was recruited by the Tang Dynasty, and his brothers gradually controlled the entire Fujian region together, after Wang Chao died, Wang Shenzhi succeeded to the throne, and maintained a vassal relationship with the Central Plains Dynasty, and paid tribute to the Central Plains Dynasty. made great contributions to the development of Fujian, after the death of Wang Shenzhi, his sons seized the heirs, the internal war of the Fujian regime continued, the national strength declined, the Southern Tang regime seized the opportunity, defeated the Fujian regime, and controlled the Fujian region.

The establishment of the Nanping regime was later than the previous secession regimes, and its founder was Gao Jixing, the general of Zhu Wen, the founding emperor of the Later Liang Dynasty, and Zhu Wen called the emperor Gao Jixing as the envoy of Jingnan Jiedu to guard the Jiangling area, and when Li Cunqiao attacked and destroyed the Later Liang Dynasty, Gao Jixing did not fight to the death for the Lord, but chose to take refuge in the Later Tang Dynasty established by Li Cunqing, so he was able to continue to guard the Jiangling area, because the Jiangling area has been a transportation hub since ancient times, the place of the four wars, although the Nanping regime is weak, However, the surrounding separatist regimes were unwilling to occupy this place, and the powerful Central Plains Dynasty was neighbors, while the Central Plains Dynasty often broke out civil wars, dynastic alternation was frequent, and there was never time to pocket the Jiangling area, so that the Nanping regime could exist for a long time, Gao Jixing and his later successors were well aware of the weakness of their regime, not only to the Central Plains Dynasty, but also to other surrounding separatist regimes called emperors, in exchange for rewards, and relying on the unique transportation advantages of the Gangneung area, It was not until the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty that the weak Nanping regime was defeated by the Northern Song Dynasty in the way of beating rabbits with grass.

The establishment of the Northern Han regime was the last secession regime in the Ten Kingdoms, and it was also the last secession regime to perish, and it was not so much a secession regime in the Ten Kingdoms as it was a continuation of the Middle and Later Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties. Since the general Guo Wei of the Later Han Dynasty changed his banner and established the Later Zhou Dynasty, Liu Chong, the Later Han clan who guarded the Hedong region, continued the national Zuo of the Later Han Dynasty, called the emperor Jianguo, known as the Northern Han Dynasty, because there were only a few states in Hedong, the national strength of the Northern Han Dynasty was also weak, Liu Chong followed Shi Jingjiao, the emperor of the Liao Dynasty was the uncle emperor, and he was the nephew emperor, Liu Chong restored the heart of the Later Han Dynasty immortal, after Chai Rong succeeded to the throne, tried to capture the Central Plains, but was defeated by the Later Zhou Dynasty, Liu Chong died of depression, and his son Liu Chengjun succeeded to the throne, However, the strength of the Northern Han regime declined, Liu Chengjun continued to pursue the policy of respecting the Liao Dynasty, simply called the Liao Dynasty emperor his father, and the Northern Han Dynasty was sandwiched between the Later Zhou Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty to survive, after Liu Chengjun died of illness, the internal infighting of the Northern Han Dynasty continued, but because of the protection of the Liao Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty that replaced the Later Zhou Dynasty adopted the strategic deployment of the south and then the north in the process of unifying the world, until the reign of Zhao Guangyi, the second emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty repelled the Liao Dynasty reinforcements with difficulty and destroyed the Northern Han regime, At this point, the Northern Song Dynasty completely ended the chaotic situation of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and basically completed the unification of the Han land.

Although the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms existed for a relatively short time, the various separatist regimes relied on regional conditions to carry out separatist rule, which should also be the embryo of the implementation of the provincial system in the later Yuan Dynasty, which provided some historical basis for the demarcation of the regions of each province today.