Chapter 43: Agriculture and Labor

Chang'an City in the Suoqi era was not so much the capital of the country as a big fortress to protect the Son of Heaven, because he focused on the military alone, and the civil affairs were completely hard, so he could only rule by doing nothing.

The so-called rule by inaction refers to the affairs of Qinzhou, the affairs of Sima Bao in a reckless manner, and the affairs of the counties and states in Yongzhou are arbitrarily decided by Jiao Song, Zhu Hui and others; In fact, the imperial court could only control the six or seven counties around Chang'an, and there was still a lack of chief officials, so they only ordered the master book and Gong Cao, and did not care about anything except collecting grain.

Therefore, Chang'an's financial situation will never improve, and how can the endowment of six or seven counties, which may not be fully collected, supply the tens of thousands of troops needed by Suo and Koji? It all depends on the supply and transportation of the three states of Liang, Qin, and Liang, as well as the counties of Yongxi and Yongbei. And when Ba Yi took Liang, Sima Bao cut off the Longdao, so that Liangzhou tribute could not be passed, and Jiao Song and others also sought to divide the territory, but they only sent a few carts of grain and grain to deal with the errands, and Chang'an was immediately overstretched, and there was often a risk of running out of grain.

Therefore, in the original history, Liu Yao besieged the city for only three months, and then "the capital was very hungry, rice and gold were two taels, people ate each other, and half of the dead; Taicang has a number of cakes, and the koji crumbs are porridge for the emperor, and it is ...... to the end, "such a big city, tens of thousands of soldiers and horses gathered, and there is no grain storage for half a year......

Since Pei should enter Chang'an, he must change this precarious situation, but he can't conjure food out of thin air. In the past, most of the grain was transported by Xuzhou, and the long distance almost hollowed out Xufang, which was unsustainable; And Zu Ti had just begun to resume production in Henan, and he also used a large number of materials to rebuild the Luoyang Palace, and there were not many rich people who could enter Guanzhong. Fortunately, Liu Yao had been driven away, and Pingyang would not move troops to Hexi for the time being—and with Zu Ti in Henan, as long as a few ferry crossings were firmly guarded, they could also be blocked from abroad—Pei should have a period of relative stability to resume production and raise military rations.

But don't be in a hurry to take precautions - because no matter how hard you try, this year's autumn grain will definitely be all there - Pei should first send Zhu Shangshulang and his subordinates out to the counties to survey the land and the situation of the people. When he returned from the expedition to Shiping and Fufeng, and the information was almost collected, he repeatedly discussed with Pei Wei, Liang Fen, Xun Song, Hua Heng and others and determined the production plan after the autumn.

First of all, the peasants, Pei should transfer Lu Zhi's father back from Huayin and appoint him as Jingzhao Taishou, and let him first count the land, the number and condition of the households in the counties around Chang'an, and plan production. Jingzhao Nine Counties, originally had 40,000 households, but now more than eighty percent of the people have died due to the soldiers, and there are less than 10,000 households, vacating a large area of land. Pei Gai ordered that all ownerless land should be confiscated from the government in the autumn and September of the fourth year of Jianxing, when the grain was harvested. After this period, even if the owner comes back and holds the land deed, the land has nothing to do with you.

However, through the investigation, it was found that more than half of the abandoned land was all placed in the names of the major wealthy families, although most of these wealthy families were deserted, but they always left a few members to protect the ancestral industry - just like the Zhong family of the Changshe Society, the whole family migrated, and a bell was left - the government came to investigate, and these members took out the land deed, saying that there is a owner somewhere and somewhere, and it cannot be taken in vain......

For this reason, Pei Gai, including Liang Fen and Xun Song and other important ministers who he instructed, personally came forward and spent a lot of effort to negotiate with various families, and asked them to temporarily lend the land that had empty land deeds in their names but no one cultivated them to the official family for ten years.

Pei should have fought local tyrants and divided fields in Xuzhou in the past, but it was inconvenient to do that in Guanzhong. There are many wealthy families in Guanzhong, although they are not as good as Henan, Yan, and Henan, compared to Xuzhou, especially in Huainan, the number and level have to go up to a higher level.

Pei Gai actually looks down on those wealthy families in his bones, not only is it a disgusting feudal rentier class, but more than eighty percent of them are silverfish, which is not beneficial to the country and people's livelihood. But the social environment is here, and he has to reluctantly admit that if he wants to settle the people and stabilize the country, he can't do without these guys...... The literacy rate is very low in these years, not to mention the common people, even if they are poor scholars, there are not many people who can really read through the scriptures and history. It is true that you may not be able to do anything if you read the scriptures, but if you don't read the scriptures, not only will you not have a broad vision and a broad mind, but you will not be able to handle it just by exchanging official documents, how can you be an official?

In other words, only those who have mastered the knowledge of the written language, whether useful or not, are destined to be the ruling class, and the illiterate state will certainly not be established.

Therefore, Pei Caicai was forced to make a certain compromise with the family, as for supporting the Hanmen and making it rise to resist the family, there was no way, so we had to wait for the society to stabilize to a certain extent. Now if there are talents in the cold family to vote, Pei should definitely have blue eyes, but if he wants to go to the countryside to find talents, it is not helpful to find a needle in a haystack.

Secondly, most of the people fled to death, and the number of those left was too small to set off a vigorous mass movement......

Therefore, you can only borrow land from wealthy merchants, anyway, you can't hire people in a short time, and you can't reclaim the land, so it's better to borrow it from the imperial court temporarily. The Son of Heaven personally issued an edict, and the Shangshu issued a document, clearly and clearly stating that the owner of these fields is still your family, and the imperial court will never annex them privately.

Of course, if Pei should be powerful and the court is stable, if you say that you will swallow your field, you will swallow your field, as long as the incident is kept within a controllable range, and you don't offend all the big clans at the same time, are you afraid that you will not succeed?

In this matter, the Wei and Du families set an example. Since Wei Hong entered Pei Gai's curtain, it was inconvenient for him to easily disobey the order and offend Shangguan, on the contrary, he preemptively stood up and expressed his acceptance of the order of the imperial court, which would pave the way for the advancement of himself and even his clansmen. As for the Du family, Du Yi is related to Pei Cai after all, and he himself has no idea, Pei should go to visit the patient in person, coax him, and gladly obey.

Anyway, it's just borrowing, not forcibly occupying. And if it weren't for Pei Cai's Northern Expedition and straight into Guanzhong, we would still be living in the damp and savage places in the south, what use would these fields be with me?

After Jingzhao was roughly done, Pei Gai ordered the rest of the counties to act accordingly. Among them, there are naturally a few wealthy families who are not eye-opening, or the principals are stunned, but most of the family businesses are not wide, and their strength is weak - Jing Zhaowei, Du, Andinghu, Liang and other second-rate families are all obedient to orders, what storms can those third-rate or even fourth-rate families set off? If you are not allowed to borrow the land, you can be in the middle of it, but you can join the traitor Jiao Song, or collude with the name of Hu Bu Peng Lu, and wipe out the whole family, not only the land, but also the family house and cemetery!

Pei Dadu has supervised so many soldiers, not vegetarians, and as long as it is said that because a certain family refuses to obey the orders of the imperial court, the military food will be lacking.

After the land is returned to the public, or temporarily returned to the public, it will choose its fertile place and gather displaced people to reclaim, just like the government of Xuzhou in the past. After a long period of annexation since the end of the Han Dynasty, even if there was no indiscriminity, more than four households in Guanzhong became tenants, and even most of the yeoman farmers had insufficient arable land, so they were forced to work for the wealthy during the busy farming season. After the separation, many tenant farmers may not be willing to go to their old owners again, and most of the yeoman farmers have lost their land deeds - or have been seized by the wealthy families - and when they return to their hometowns, there is no land to cultivate, so the government can only organize the people's settlements.

You must know that most of the people in these years have relocated to the land, and the common people are unwilling to stay away from their homeland unless they really can't survive--the people of Jinrong in six counties such as Luoyang and Tianshui were forced to enter Shu because of natural disasters and the rebellion of Qi Wannian, I don't know how much they were oppressed by the natives, and the contradictions were finally stimulated, and Li Te's "camp of displaced people" was born.

Therefore, most of the people of Yongzhou who fled because of the soldiers did not go far, or went west to Qinzhou - the east could not go - or south to Liangzhou, and even many just hid in Nanshan (Qinling), and when they heard that Hu Kou had retreated, Guanzhong was initially decided, Pei Gai sent people to preach the policy, and they all came back one after another. However, although they returned, most of them had no land to cultivate, and they were immediately tied up by officers and soldiers to be reclaimed - although they were called Mintun, it was also forced, and those who had no land and no jobs were all arrested and put into camps, and they were not allowed to wander around the countryside.

Of course, Pei Gai still hung a carrot, promising that as long as they obeyed the law and honestly cultivated the wasteland, they would be released from the camp after three to five years, and they would also be given land and land, which could be passed on forever.

The implementation of the specific tuntian policy was handed over to Xu Yu at the beginning, but Xu Ziyin's project was long, but the management of the people was short, he chose the area suitable for reclamation, and planned various water conservancy projects, but when the displaced people were really captured, it was time to start construction, but the management was chaotic, and the number of fugitives increased day by day. After Pei Gai heard about it, he had to change people and ordered Wei Hong to take his place for the time being-it should be more convenient for the head snake to take care of those ordinary people.

Outside of agriculture, there is industry and mining. The Guanzhong area was originally rich in minerals, but after hundreds of years of utilization since the Qin and Han dynasties, half of the minerals that can be mined are exhausted - more are buried underground, and they cannot be dug up at all with the technology of these years. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty announced the salt and iron official camp in the fourth year of Yuanzhen, and there were seven iron officials set up in Guanzhong at that time, and when the Eastern Han Dynasty Bangu wrote the "Book of Han" and recorded in the "Geographical Chronicle", there were only four left, namely: Zheng, Xiayang, Yonghe Qi.

Among them, Zheng is Xia, the county seat is in Weibei, but the iron mine is in Weinan, which is quite close to Chang'an City. Han Guangwu once had Nanyang Taishou Du Shi invented water drainage, borrowed water power to smelt iron, Pei Gai read history in his previous life, and also knew about it, so he took the opportunity to visit Du Yi to ask, saying that you can have relevant records at home, can you copy its tools? Du Yi shook his head again and again: "My family moved from Nanyang to Guanzhong ......" The implication is that since Du Shi can be Nanyang Taishou, it means that he is not from Nanyang, and he may be the same family as us five hundred years ago, but it has been diverted for a long time, how can I keep his invention information in my family?

Pei Gai had no choice but to order Xu Ziyin to start from scratch and reinvent ...... If it is said that the inventions and creations of ancient China are vast, it is a pity that the government does not pay attention to science and technology - except for astronomical technology - and the periodic chaos in the world has caused many inventions to be lost. For example, Zhang Heng's geodynamic instrument is only briefly mentioned in the "Book of Han", and there are several replicas in the museum in later generations, all of which are guessed from a dozen words in the book, and no one knows how far away from the original is. Another example is the guide car, it is rumored that the Yellow Emperor built it to break the fog, but it was lost in the Han Dynasty, and the great inventor Ma Jun of Cao Wei had to re-invent it, and then ...... Ma Jun's guide car was also lost.

Fortunately, the principle of water drainage is not complicated, and under Pei Gai's guidance, Xu Yu soon succeeded in inventing again and restarting the iron mine in Zhengdi. is just to manage mines, build farm tools, and military weapons, and also don't need Xu Ziyin, so Pei Gai awarded this position to Liu Xiliu Jiyan, who recently invested. The Wei and Jin iron officials were originally under local management, and Pei should have taken them under the central government, still according to the Han system, and was subordinate to the Shaofu - the newly established Jin Ministry Lieutenant, the general department of the world's mineral deposits.

The Liu family is also a big family in Hedong, and his native is Xie County - Xie County Liang is not as good as Xie County Liu Xuanhe - the ancestor of the surname is said to be the Liu Xia Hui who is not in trouble. The Liu family was originally poor in the Han Dynasty, and at most there was only one Qi Xiang and one Guangluxun, but after entering the Jin Dynasty, it was different, because Jia Chong's mother was the Liu family of Xie County...... Liu Liang was therefore appointed as the secretary of the ministry, and his son Liu Jingyou (with the word line) served as a servant, Sun Liuqi was appointed as the Taishou of Runan, and Liu Chun was appointed as the Taichangqing.

Yongjia was in turmoil, when Liu Qi had died, his sons Liu Gong and Liu Ju still stayed in their hometown, building a fort to defend themselves, and Liu Chun led a large family to flee from Hedong to Luoyang, and then fled from Luoyang to Xiangyang. When the Central Plains was initially decided, Pei Cai personally wrote to ask him to come back, and the old man still wanted to wait and see, so he only sent his two sons Liu Xi and Liu Zhuo into the customs under the pretext that he was old and bad. After Pei Gai talked with his second son, he felt that he was barely qualified, so he ordered Liu Xi to serve as the captain of the Jin Department, and Liu Zhuo became the secretary of his own scene.

Liu Xi's first job was to restore the silver mines on the outskirts of Chang'an and the iron mines in Zhengdi, and then consider metro mines such as Qi and Xiayang - Xiayangdi is close to the Yellow River, which is also convenient for water to drain and blast forge, and transport iron ingots by water, but unfortunately there is a river across the Hu Realm, which is somewhat dangerous; The roads in Qixian County are difficult to travel, and Yongdi is close to Qinzhou, so they will also be put aside for the time being.

In addition to silver and iron, there are no other minerals in Guanzhong - in fact, there are them, but people don't know them at the time - especially the lack of copper, so Pei Caicai said that I have to ship it from Xuzhou with money, and I am really short of money......

As for those iron mines, they are all old mines, and as long as there are enough people, it is convenient to resume production. But where does the manpower come from? On the one hand, Pei Gai temporarily lent most of the craftsmen in his army to Liu Xi to mine and smelt iron, and build weapons and agricultural tools, and on the other hand, he "lost to Zuo Xiao" many of the prisoners who were imprisoned that day because of Suoqi—Zuo Xiao was subordinate to the Shaofu and was in charge of the apprentices, in other words, in charge of hard labor and labor reform.

As for the small number of Jin people and a large number of Hu pawns captured in previous wars, they have been forced to do hard labor before, but can the suffering of the world exceed mining? Honestly, let me mine and dig until I die!