Chapter 219: The Earth Is Round

After exiting the sea, there was no wind at sea, and the ship was relatively stable, and a steamship dragged a string of ships on the sea. However, when the wind gradually picked up, the steamers could not drag a few boats with them, and since it was not convenient for the other sailing ships to be dragged to take advantage of the wind, the steamers could untie the ropes they were dragging and let each ship sail separately. The steamship took advantage of its own mobility to organize the entire fleet of ships back and forth to prevent the fleet from being scattered. Fortunately, each ship is equipped with telescopes, and everyone is in sight. Those captains are basically the former Ming Dynasty sailors who have been at sea for many years, and some of them have even been thieves on the ship before.

After everything stabilized, Zhang Zhimu came to the wheelhouse and chatted with Shi Tao about sailing. These people knew that Zhang Zhimu didn't understand anything about navigation, so they introduced Zhang Zhimu to things related to navigation, such as astrology, needle paths, and charts, as well as methods for crossing the ocean. Zhang Zhimu sincerely admired the wisdom of the Chinese ancestors, who invented such superb navigation technology when there were no means of observation.

Astrology is a method of using the position of the stars in the sky and their angular height with the sea level to determine the position and direction of the ship in navigation, so it is also called astronomical navigation. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties, people already knew that they could identify the direction by looking at the Big Dipper by taking a boat on the sea. Until the invention of the compass in the Northern Song Dynasty, people still used to observe the position of the stars and their heights as an aid for navigation. Around the Yuan and Ming dynasties, China's astronomical navigation technology has developed greatly, and it has been able to observe the height of the stars to determine the geographical latitude.

Shi Tao specially took out a set of star-holding boards to show Zhang Zhimu. The technique is performed through a special board of stars, the largest of which is a twelveboard and the smallest is a fingerboard. When using, hold the center of one end of the star-pulling board in your left hand, and look at the starry sky with your arm straight, so that the surface of the star-pulling board is perpendicular to the sea level, and observe the height of the stars from the sea level.

Seeing that Zhang Zhimu was very interested in navigation issues, in order to introduce it in more detail, Shi Tao took out a book about navigation "Sending the Wind Away" and a few nautical charts for Zhang Zhimu to see. Then Shi Tao introduced the needle path to Zhang Zhimu.

In navigation, the compass is mainly used to guide the way, so it is called "needle road". There are special books on navigation, which are accumulated over time during navigation. Later, some of these books were called "Needle Sutra", some were called "Needle Spectrum", and some were called "Needle Strategy".

The books, needle paths, and charts that Zhang Zhimu saw were definitely summed up by the predecessors based on experience in that era, and for Shi Tao and others with sailing experience, these are also inseparable. But Zhang Zhimu felt that these were still very different from the maps of his previous life. Although Zhang Zhimu doesn't remember some geographical locations very clearly, he still has an impression.

Zhang Zhimu felt that they should be told the principle of the sextant, but the most important thing for them to know was that the earth was round, and the coordinate system on the earth should be identified by latitude and longitude.

Zhang Zhimu asked everyone a question: "You are all engaged in navigation, and you know a lot about astronomical knowledge." Do you know why we have four distinct seasons of early summer, autumn and winter? ”

Zhang Zhimu's question stunned everyone, and no one could say clearly.

Zhang Zhimu asked people to take a pen and paper and draw a picture. The center of this figure is the sun, and a circle is drawn with the sun as the center, and a small circle is drawn on this circle to say that this is the earth, and a circle is drawn with this small circle as the center, and a small circle is drawn on this new circle, which is said to be the moon.

Zhang Zhimu told everyone that the earth under our feet is not flat, it is a big round ball, and the diameter of this round ball is about 12,000 kilometers. Zhang Zhimu saw this, they didn't accept it, but for the sake of face, they didn't dare to be happy.

Zhang Zhimu ignored them and continued: "The earth under our feet has always been autobiography from west to east, and at the same time, it revolves around the sun along this elliptical orbit. One revolution of the earth is one day, and one revolution is a year. Since there is always an angle of 66 degrees and 34 minutes between the north and south poles of our earth and its orbit. Every year on the summer solstice, the Earth is at aphelion and the Sun shines directly on the Tropic of Capricorn. At the same time, the Northern Hemisphere receives the highest heat, the longest days, and the climate is also hot, which belongs to the summer in the Northern Hemisphere, but the Southern Hemisphere is in the midst of a cold winter.

After that, as it continues to orbit continuously, the direct point of the sun will shift southward. At the autumnal equinox, the sun will shine directly on the equator, which is the day of the autumnal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere. Now the Southern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere receive equal amount of solar heat, day and night are equinoxical, autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Earth continues to rotate until the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, when the Earth begins to set perihelion and the Sun shines directly over the Tropic of Capricorn. At this time, the Northern Hemisphere receives the least amount of heat, and the daylight hours are the shortest, and the climate is quite cold, which is the winter of the Northern Hemisphere. It's summer in the Southern Hemisphere.

After the direct point of the sun returns to the north, on the day of the vernal equinox in the northern hemisphere, the sun again shines directly towards the equator. At this time, it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. In this way, the earth orbits the sun in a year-round cycle, resulting in the change of seasons. ”

Zhang Zhimu knew that they couldn't accept this problem at once, and the most unacceptable thing was the problem that the earth was round. But after Zhang Zhimu finished painting this picture, Shi Tao and they have been looking around. Zhang Zhimu believed that Shi Tao and they would accept this sooner or later, because only they had actual experience of astronomical knowledge. They will slowly use the knowledge introduced by Zhang Zhimu to figure out many problems that could not be explained before.

After saying this, Zhang Zhimu was left confused, and Shi Tao was stunned by the sketch he had drawn, and went straight back to the cabin to rest.

Seeing that Zhang Zhimu was gone, these people began to discuss. It was said, "How can the earth be round?" Isn't it borderless? ”

Another said, "If the earth were round, wouldn't we walk forward and come back from behind?" ”

When everyone heard him, they all laughed out loud, thinking that it was absolutely impossible.

Shi Tao also felt that it was impossible, and said: "The earth that Mr. Zhang said is a big ball with a diameter of more than 12,000 kilometers, I don't know how many kilometers there are?" ”

Fan Chengkun never spoke, this is what he said: "Listen, there are many things that Mr. Zhang said, which we all thought were ridiculous at the time, but later it turned out that what he said was right." I advise you to think about what Mr. Zhang said. I also tell you that Mr. Zhang is definitely not an ordinary person. He doesn't tell us such things for no reason. As for the kilometer that Shi Tao wants to say, it is a unit of length that is being used in our kiln. One kilometer is equivalent to one point and four miles. You say how big the diameter of the earth can be, so how long is the circumference of the earth? ”

Someone did the math and said, "The circle of the earth is 38,000 kilometers, which is equivalent to our 53,000 miles." Oh my God, that's huge. ”

Someone else said, "If we all stand on this ball, then we won't fall?" ”

Someone asked, "Can you fall in?" ”

Someone else asked, "Is such a big ball floating on water?" ”

Everyone laughed, and someone said, "Can't float such a heavy ball on water?" ”

These people have been talking about it for a long time, but they have not come up with a reason. Shi Tao said: "However, according to Mr. Zhang, the changes of the four seasons can also be explained clearly. Maybe we're actually standing on a ball. ”

When it comes to standing on a ball, everyone starts to deny it again. At this time, Fan Chengkun said: "If we can go all the way forward, we can just give it a try." Wouldn't it be nice to be able to come back from behind? ”

Yang Yulin, who accompanied Zhang Zhimu back to the cabin, asked Zhang Zhimu: "Do you say that the earth is really round?" ”

Zhang Zhimu looked at Yang Yulin and asked rhetorically, "Do you think I told a lie?" ”

Yang Yulin asked without showing weakness: "Then tell me, how do you know?" ”

At this time, Zhang Zhimu couldn't answer again, and when he told her about the crossing, obviously he couldn't, and she couldn't accept it.

Seeing that Zhang Zhimu stopped talking, Yang Yulin came over and put her arms around Zhang Zhimu's neck and asked, "Hey! I've heard people say that you seem to have come down from heaven and earth, aren't you? ”

Zhang Zhimu couldn't help laughing, which made Yang Yulin laugh confused, Yang Yulin pinched Zhang Zhimu hard, and asked, "What are you smiling at?" I mean really. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "You stupid girl, if I am some kind of immortal, then I will conjure up a mountain of gold, why bother to come out to do business, do you say." ”

"That's too," Yang Yulin was really a little confused, and asked, "Then tell me how you know about these things?" ”

There was no way, Zhang Zhimu said: "I will tell you about this after you marry me." ”

"Nope." Yang Yulin said: "I am already your person now, you have to tell me." ”

Zhang Zhimu deliberately asked: "Why are you my person, I didn't marry you." ”

Yang Yulin knew that Zhang Zhimu was deliberately angry with her, she said: "You are simply a scoundrel, a big scoundrel." ”

Regarding the matter of navigation, Zhang Zhimu didn't care about them anymore, he knew that Shi Tao and the others would spend a lot of energy studying the picture he drew during this time, and studying what he had said.

When the seasickness was not severe, he went to the cabin of Chen Yufeng and Ouyang He, and discussed with them the future management of Shanxi, mainly the issue of new laws to be formulated.

Zhang Zhimu said: "After we conquer Shanxi, at least one year, all taxes and fees will be exempted, so that the people can recuperate and rejuvenate." ”

Chen Yufeng said: "If Shanxi is recaptured from Li Zicheng's hands according to the method we said, then Shanxi will suffer great damage, and Shanxi will not be able to recover its vitality in two or three years." ”

Ouyang He said: "If this is not the case, then if we take Shanxi, we will fall out with the imperial court, which is no way." ”

"Three years is three years," Zhang Zhimu said, "and it will be okay for us to spend our own money to feed the army and officials in three years, and besides, we will still earn silver in these three years." I want to complete the land reform within three years, and all the land with land deeds, which is more than every household should have, will be returned to the public, and we can use the method of redemption and purchase to pay the landlord in installments, and no longer allow the sale and purchase of land. Encourage the development of industry and commerce with silver in hand. Farmers who have no land to plant can rent land from the government. ”

Ouyang He had some objections to Zhang Zhimu's idea, and said: "If our regime is not stable, we will start a war with those big landlords, is it not worth considering?" Those landed landlords will desperately oppose us. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "We will get the support of the vast number of farmers. For the implementation of such a policy, it is also necessary to adopt iron-blooded means and resolutely suppress unconvinced. ”

Chen Yufeng said: "Zhimu, you should draft some complete things for these things, and at that time, you can't do it where you want to do it." Which laws still use the laws of the Ming Dynasty, and which ones should be changed to our own, this must be clearly written. Only then can we follow suit. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I have considered this matter, and after we go back, we will draft a basic law, and on the basis of the basic law, we will draft criminal law, civil law, and administrative law. Several of those who came from the smelting factory had served in the Criminal Department and Dali Temple, and organized them to refer to the Daming Law to make a simple law first, and then discuss the revision and improvement. The concept of equality for all should be highlighted in the Basic Law, and the right of everyone to vote and to stand for election should also be emphasized. ”

Ouyang He said: "Mr. Zhang, the law can be sorted out first, but how to implement it, do you want to say hello to us first?" Because dealing with such a thing, what to do first and then what to do is very different. ”

Zhang Zhimu knows that in terms of knowledge, he has the advantage of hundreds of years in his previous life; But in terms of political wisdom, according to Ouyang He, there is a certain gap between them, they specialize in these when they are fine, and they can't compare with them, and they don't have time to compare these.

One night when he sailed to the Zhoushan Islands, Zhang Zhimu suddenly heard a cannon sound of "Tong", and hurriedly got dressed and came to the wheelhouse. There was some tension in the cab, Fan Chengkun and Shi Tao were all here, Zhang Zhimu asked, "What's wrong?" ”

Shi Tao pointed out the glass window, Zhang Zhimu followed his finger and couldn't see anything outside, only the dazzling light reflected by the searchlight on the dense fog. The whole ship wants to sail in the soup.

Shi Tao said: "This is the most feared devil weather when sailing, in order to inform the ships behind not to fall behind, we have to fire cannons and point out the direction for them, our searchlights can't shine far, and we are afraid that the ships will collide too close." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "There are also compasses on other ships, and there will be no problems with their general direction, and tomorrow when the sun comes out, the fog will be much lighter." When the time comes, even if there is a farther one, our steamer can find it back. Don't worry too much. ”

Shi Tao asked Zhang Zhimu: "Mr. Zhang, can we also install large steam engines on the treasure ships, those large ships are said to be the largest can hold 3,000 soldiers." If such a ship could be equipped with a steam engine, we would organize a fleet of steam ships, and we would not be afraid of anywhere at that time. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I haven't seen what you said about the big treasure ship, but I think the bigger it is, the better it is to transform." Don't you see that our lucky ship has been remodeled? There is also a fortune boat and a flat-bottomed boat in the family, and we will convert all the fortune boats into steam ships in the future. Isn't that okay? ”

Shi Tao said: "Our culet-bottomed ships are more stable than the U-boats in the Western Ocean, but because their bottom is spacious, they can put their heavy guns in the bottom compartment, so that the ship is much more stable, and they can also carry a few more heavy guns." Our steeple-bottomed ships could only put their guns on the upper deck, which was improved by our use of sealed compartment structures, but our ships were poorly equipped with the impact of their guns, and only larger ships could carry more heavy guns. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "In the future, we can build steel-hulled ships, and by that time we can install any heavy artillery." With the cover of steel-hulled ships, our other steamships can sail directly to Arabia and travel around the world. We can trade as big as we want. ”

This night, a cannon would be fired on the steamship every few moments.

It was not until after dawn that the dense fog slowly dissipated, Shi Tao and they ordered the lookout on the ship to check with binoculars, fortunately, all the ships were not far away, so that Fan Chengkun and they could relax. They didn't sleep all night, Shi Tao said: "Let's all go to sleep, I'll hold on until noon, and then you can change me." ”

Zhang Zhimu went back to the warehouse with everyone to sleep. Since the further south you go, the hotter it gets in the cabin, fortunately there is a generator on the steamship and a fan blowing air inside the hatch, which is better. I don't know how hot it will be in the cabins of those few ships without fans.

Zhang Zhimu and they didn't sleep until noon, when they heard another "pass" on the boat, and this time Zhang Zhimu felt that it was not foggy.

Sure enough, when Zhang Zhimu came to the cab, Fan Chengkun and the others had already arrived. I'm gesturing something.

Seeing Zhang Zhimu coming, Shi Tao introduced: "Mr. Zhang, you see that there are two pirate ships, the ship type is similar to ours, and they are also lucky ships, they saw one of our lucky ships and thought it was a single ship, but they didn't see the ship behind us, so they came up to block it." As soon as we could see clearly with our binoculars, we fired a cannon to warn them and remind us that our ship should not be afraid.

Shi Tao was introducing the situation, and the lookout on the ship reported that the two pirate ships were about to run.

Zhang Zhimu was happy in his heart and said: "What a good training opportunity, this time to see what kind of divine power our steamship has." After speaking, Zhang Zhimu went back to sleep in the warehouse.

Fan Chengkun, who was in the wheelhouse, said to Shi Tao: "Needless to say, catch up, our ship has been reinforced, and it can sink them if it hits." ”

Li Wei came over and said: "Don't crash, get closer in a while, our mortars will cover the past and one fire oil bomb will hit almost the same." ”

Fan Chengkun smiled and said, "Don't, maybe we can get a sea boat to go back." Let those who have practiced jumping gang ready, and they will practice well at sea. ”

Fan Chengkun and they have a training subject that is jumping gang, which is the kung fu of jumping onto the other party's boat when the two boats are close.

These two pirate ships are fake pirates. That is, after the Japanese were basically exterminated, those lawless people in Korea, Taiwan, and China dressed in the clothes of the Japanese and waved the banner of the Hachiman Bodhisattva of the Japanese Invaders, pretending to be pirates of the Japanese Invaders. The two pirate ships were also tossed in the fog yesterday for a night, and soon after dawn, they found a lucky ship not far from them, and since the fog had not yet cleared, they only saw such a ship, and they thought they had picked up a bargain today, so they surrounded it.

The steamship looking through the telescope in the distance discovered the situation, and Shi Tao was on duty, so he hurriedly woke up Fan Chengkun, who said: "We can't let them get close to our ship, otherwise, we will neither dare to fire nor collide." ”

Shi Tao immediately ordered a warning shot.

The pirate ship heard the sound of cannon behind and saw a ship coming with smoke coming up, apparently the companion of the ship for which they were the prey, and they felt that it was better to give up. So they dodged Yang Fan. Ordinary boats, seeing that they are not in danger, will not chase after them and go too far with them.

How do they know that their opponents will use them to train their hands?

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Calculus formulas, tables of chemical elements; Conquer Japan in the east and attack Mayi in the south; Penicillin, syringe. --Progress of "Memories of the Southern Song Dynasty".