1. Challenges in the car

The master jade craftsman asked in the car, "Venerable Master, this thing seems to be made by Master Diao, what is it?" ”

Lin Xi said: "Capacitors, things that can be used to store thunder and lightning, make ten first." ”

Diao Rumu, a master lacquerware, said: "What, old car, Che Lijun, this thing, is it worth it for you to do it for a long time?" ”

He looked in the car and said to Lin Xi: "Master, it's not that I'm pretentious in the car, I'm good at fine production, this object still doesn't look fine enough, can there be fine things, and let my old car show its face?" As you know, the last time I went to the telescope, it was my help. If you can have such a sharp weapon, you can know a thousand miles......"

Mi Sanmei jumped out and said, "Hey, Boss Che, your words are really uplifting, didn't the Venerable Master say that there is a kind of wireless telegraphy, which can transmit messages in an instant, you can do it." ”

Che Leon looked up: "The Venerable Master also drew a picture, so that I can understand it and I can make it." ”

Minister Yang Yuxiu became interested: "Yes, Venerable Master, you asked people to prepare last time, but then things happened, and this matter was wrong. ”

Lin Xi thought about it, it seemed that this was really the case, he thought about it carefully, and it seemed that he hadn't drawn a picture last time. So I vaguely asked, "Have I ever drawn a picture?" ”

The car said, "Venerable Master, you haven't drawn a picture yet, so if you did, I wouldn't say that." ”

Lin Xi said: "Okay, Diao Dajiang, then please make this kind of big capacitor first."

Lin Xi scratched his head, he had done radio before, and the radio had to be done at the beginning, and as for the transmitter, it was a military single-sideband walkie-talkie, and that level of complexity was completely impossible to piece together with the current technology.

Then, it is necessary to make a telegraph that can transmit over long distances with only batteries, switches, coils, and capacitors, and this kind of thing is not very difficult to do, but the difficulty is that the frequency stability is too poor.

In addition, it is difficult to determine the parameters of the coil and capacitance, without equipment and instruments, but there are ways to overcome them. Anyway, increase the voltage to a certain extent, and when the keys are in contact, it will ignite and pull the arc.

After all, in the early days of wireless telegraphs, the spark telegraph also made a contribution.

......

2. Ore detector tester

However, the detection diode ??? When it comes to detection, Lin Xi thinks of ore detection, it seems that many minerals have the nature of one-way conduction, such as sphalerite, red zinc ore, chalcopyrite, when he thinks of chalcopyrite, Lin Xi feels that there is still a great possibility here, and immediately asked: "In our reserves, is there chalcopyrite, lead-zinc ore, well, it is square lead ore?" ”

The master jade craftsman said in the car: "You want to say jade? Chalcopyrite is not jade, and lead ore is not. ”

Lin Xi said: "In the car, if you can make what I want to do today, you will find that in the future, no jade can compare to these high-tech products." Jade may allow a person to show off something, but electronics can make a country soar. ”

Lin Xi took a drawing board, and first drew a point touching the oscillating ore - that is, copper made a concave base, put the ore on it, the other end of the concave base was connected to a copper button, and then there was a metal probe to press the top of the ore, and the other end of the probe was also connected to the copper button on the wooden board. Then next to it, draw a battery, about a set of volt stacks (about 1.1 volts), and then connect one end of the battery to the copper button of the base with a lead, and the other end, connect the galvanometer, the pointer of this voltmeter is in the middle. Then the other end of the galvanometer is connected to the copper knob of the probe with a lead.

Lin Xi said: "See, we first have to look for the ore for the detection now, you will find some ore later, smash it into the size of soybean particles, put it on the made detector bronze, use a set of volcanic battery stacks, pass it through the positive electrode, see in what direction the current is, remember, and then turn the two leads of the battery around, and then see where the current is, whether they are the same." If the current on one side is basically unchanged and the current on the other side is relatively large, this is a good ore, which is called unidirectional conductivity. ”

Looking at something in the car, he asked, "Dare to ask the Venerable Master, does this probe need gold?" ”

Lin Xi thought for a while and said, "It's okay to use gold, the first point of loss." ”

The car thought for a while: "But the gold is too soft, this ......"

Lin Xi immediately understood that the car was still doing it according to the idea of jade and gold, and hurriedly stopped the car: "It's okay, you use copper to do it first, it should be faster, and also, you take the tools and materials, just do it here, don't go to the lower cabin to do it, I'll tell you when I see it." ”

It was right to think about it in the car, so I said goodbye and went to prepare first.

......

3. Spark radio transmitter

Then, Lin Xi continued to draw the circuit diagram of the radio transmitter.

In the early days of radio telegraphing equipment, because there was no electron tube or transistor amplification, all of them could only use passive components, that is, there was no power supply to do work, to put it more bluntly, only coils, capacitors, resistors, and the detector ore painted by Lin Xi just now.

So he hurriedly redrew a detection map of the detection ore, in this detection map, Lin Xi added a cold photoelectric panel and a small section of charcoal at the end of the lead line of the ammeter;

The small cold photoelectric panel is used to simulate the light-emitting diode or light bulb in the future, and the cold photoelectric panel made by Lin Xi is field-luminescent, so it is closer to the light bulb.

The charcoal itself is a resistance, the thicker the resistance is smaller, the shorter resistance is also smaller, and vice versa.

If the cold photopanels are able to shine...... Lin Xi felt that it seemed that these two voltages were not well coordinated, and it would be troublesome if there was no test, so I would try to see later.

......

Fourth, the tuning coil and silicon steel sheet transformer

Continuing back to the radio transmitter, the most classic feature of the early radio transmitter is the long antenna, the upper part of the antenna should be long, and then coupled with a coil and the transmitting coil, and then the other end is grounded, and on the Xuanyi, you can nail directly from the outside of the ship's side, all the way to the sea, the sea is a conductor, more convenient than ordinary grounding.

Then there is the high-voltage oscillating coil, Lin Xi chooses the method of oscillating coil plus a variable capacitor, and then needs a transformer to turn the voltage of 36 volts in the signal emission stage into more than 100 times the voltage.

Transformer, Lin Xiyou scratched his head, now there is no silicon steel sheet, silicon steel sheet silicon content is about 2% to 6%, because iron itself has a magnetostrictive effect, that is to say, when the magnetic field of the coil changes, the steel will elongate and shorten, although it is very small, but this will cause heat and energy loss.

Sea sand and crystals are rich in silica, so let the blacksmith mix some sand to exercise, use pure iron, which has a low carbon content, and makes the appearance of an iron core, so use a mouth-shaped iron core, a horizontal one on the top, and an open one on the bottom......

Let's make do with it first.

How many turns does the coil wrap? Lin Xi remembered that in the past, he used to wrap around ninety hollow circles and wrap threads with multiple strands, but it was really on the core ferrite, and now, he could only grope for it.

Variable capacitors? Lin Xi felt really tired, every one of them had to be remade, and there was no industrial base.

Well, it's good that the handicraft base can be saved now.

Lin Xi has even heard one of his own complaints: Why am I so tired from crossing? And I know very well that another voice replied: Don't you have any points in your heart?

OK, STOP!

......

5. Variable capacitance pull-out plate and mesh antenna

Now continue to think about variable capacitors, the variable capacitors in Lin Xi's memory are all a shaft, and then a row of fixed aluminum sheets, a row of aluminum sheets that rotate with the shaft, and a variable capacitor of 270 picofarads, but now I can't do this kind of exquisite structure - then, use two rows of larger copper sheets, and then adjust the capacitor area through horizontal pulling, which is a larger volume.

Start-ups, everything is aimed at completion, and you can't be too particular.

There is a radio transmitter, and a radio receiver is also needed.

The receiver also needs to have the longest antenna possible, which can increase the receiving voltage, and can also use a mesh antenna, after all, the larger the area of the radio wave in the net, the more energy it receives.

For the transmitting antenna on the ship, it can also be made a mesh shape, which is specially reinforced in the direction that needs to be transmitted.

Then the same coil plus a variable capacitor tuning device allows the resonance to listen to a specific frequency of radio waves.

In order to take out the resonant voltage, another concentric coil is arranged, and at the hot spot of the coil, an ore geophone is placed, and then a small high-frequency filter capacitor is connected, and the filter capacitor can be smaller.

......

6. Manufacture of high-impedance horns

Then there is a trick, because the energy is too low, so you need high-impedance headphones to listen better, and the small speaker that Lin Xi is currently making can't reach two thousand ohms, so Lin Xi set up a first-stage impedance transformer, which also needs to be increased by a hundred times.

It would be nice to be able to amplify the phone or the current!

Lin Xi carefully recalled the method of amplifying the current, and it was obvious that there were only two types of practical ones, one was an electron tube, and the other was a semiconductor.

The principle of the electron tube is simple, but it is not easy to make, there is no vacuum equipment, there is no tungsten wire, just these two are limited to death, in addition, the energy consumption is not affordable.

With a battery on your back, you can't walk for half a day, and the battery is out, isn't this looking for death?

......

7. Look for natural semiconductors and semiconductor amplification test benches

No way, think about semiconductors again.

In fact, there are still a lot of natural semiconductors, but there is no analysis equipment at all, which is very helpless!

In fact, unlike many people who don't do it, Lin Xi knows that there are similar triode-transistor-like current amplification effects in natural minerals, and there may also be voltage amplification effects similar to field effect transistors in some structures.

However, this is another problem, whether it is a transistor or a field effect transistor, when the amplification effect occurs, there is a starting working voltage, and below the initial working voltage, this amplification effect does not exist, so that it is equivalent to the need to redesign a detection equipment for the three electrodes of natural ores.

The transistor generally has 3 electrode pins: the base (represented by B), the collector (represented by C) and the emitter (represented by E), each pin can not be substituted for each other, among the 3 pins, the base is the control pin, and the base current controls the size of the collector and emitter current.

In the test equipment, it is necessary to control the base of the three electrodes, the base requires the smallest current, and is much smaller than the current of the other two pins, the emitter current is the largest, and the collector current is second.

The base bias voltage of the triode is generally 0.7 volts to start conducting, Lin Xi also felt that it could not be too complicated, so he decided to choose 0 volts, 1.1 volts and 2.2 volts, that is, no electricity, a pair of voltaic batteries is basically 1.1 volts, and if two pairs of voltaic batteries are connected, it is basically 2.2 volts.

No, the direction of the current may also be incorrect, so a two-way switch knife is also needed to change the direction of the current.

And then, of course, the current is also limited by a resistor, which is connected in series with a thin rod of refined charcoal.

In this way, the most accurate test of the base may be about the same.

Now, it is necessary to detect the current of the emitter and collector, that, Lin Xi plans to add a voltage of 3.3 volts between the collector and the emitter, and then connect a galvanometer in series, and then also need to connect a resistor in series, and the resistance is still replaced by a refined charcoal rod.

Lin Xi drew this structure.

Then the base of this ore, unlike the detector ore, needs to use the probe to touch the three places of the ore.

What Lin Xi could think of was three different sides of the ore, or three different positions on the same side.

This requires two sets of three-pin probes, which need to be made in the form of leaf springs with elastic brass extensions for good contact.

Well, these two sets of probes, in fact, are equivalent, and only one set is used at a time.

Well, an experiment form is also needed.

Lin Xi then drew the experimental table, and on the left were three test voltages, that is, 0 volts, 1.1 volts, and 2.2 volts, and then the scale corresponding to the current.

Leave another remark in the box.

And Arabic numerals, yes, this has to be something new.

After painting these two sets of paintings, Lin Xi began to think about the FET.

The MOSFET seems to have an opening voltage of 3 to 6 volts, so that just 0, 1.1, and 2.2 volts will not work, and it will not be able to turn on the voltage, so it needs to be increased, and then it is increasing the four groups of 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, and 7.7 volts.

This should cover transistor-to-MOSFET characteristics.

Then the voltage of the base or gate is seven groups from 0 volts to 7.7 volts.

......

Eighth, the charcoal block is not enough, and the second artifact of taking water out of thin air

After painting these things, Lin Xi stopped, and then saw that the jade master was already waiting next to him in the car, Mi Sanmei was also waiting next to him, Song Qing was also waiting next to him, and the others were all eager.

Lin Xi stretched his waist, thinking to himself, there are too few people available, if you really want to do scientific research, you can't just have your own golden finger, you still need a lot of people.

Now war, war, in fact, war is the greatest driving force of science, but how to use the power brought by war?

Here, the car had already put the small wooden platform of ore detection in his hand in his hand, picked up the drawings drawn by Lin Xi, looked carefully, his expression was cold, but his eyes were shining, and he thought about it repeatedly.

At this time, a pyrotechnic came up and reported to Lin Xi: "Venerable Venerable, our charcoal block has been supporting for less than an hour, and the whole ship needs to reduce the amount of water. In addition, there will be problems with heating at night, so please show it to the master. ”

Lin Xi remembered that there were three water tools, one of which was to use the wind blades to rotate to blow the sea breeze to the thin copper pipe, the thin copper pipe extended from the side of the ship to the seawater, immersed in the sea water for three or four feet, completely through the sea breeze's own power, the moist air was blown into the copper pipe under the water, forming a certain amount of condensate, and then using a thin bamboo pipe, connected to the pump, the condensate can be pumped up......

Wait, why do you have to draw it? It is also possible to pierce a hole in the plank of the ship, connect the bilge with a copper pipe, and plug it with a cork, of course, this will leave a hole in the board, and in the future this can be made into a statue at the bow of the ship, and a copper pipe can be concealed underneath.

Lin Xi drew this kind of water-taking artifact out of thin air in three or two clicks, marked the relevant dimensions, handed it to Song Qing and said: "Song Qing, let's use a new air water intake device, this device will automatically take water from the air for twelve hours a day, no coal, no need for anything." You can arrange it and see how long it will take to make it. ”

Bian Yichang, the leader of the bronze ware, took a look at it and said: "Venerable Master, this matter is easy, hand it over to us to make bronze ware, and build three pairs within an hour." ”

Lin Xi said: "Master Bian, you have worked hard, if you continue to build, you can wait to build 30 pairs." ”

Bian Yichang said: "Needless to say, we are afraid that the materials are not enough, and in addition, if the carbon block is gone, we have no way to curl and weld." ”

After speaking, he said to the helmsman Fei Zhishan:

"Fei Sushan, the drinking water involves the safety of our whole ship's drinking water, you go and arrange that the charcoal will be used for processing first.

In addition, I thought about it, you do three kinds of them, among which the ship plate is drilled, just do one and give it a try.

One is to use a thin bamboo tube with a pumping tube, and the other is to make the copper pipe thicker, which can lift the water surface, and after hitting the horizontal, it is directly reversed and the water inside is poured into the basin.

When we have the sails, I'll teach you an artifact of water from the air. ”

Fei Zhushan and the pyrotechnic both responded: "Oh"

9. Wave generators, wind turbines, electric motors, and nine-headed bird horns

Lin Xi picked up the ore detector test bench, saw that there was already a soybean-sized thing like copper ore on it, and the polarity test of the battery lead was replaced, and sure enough, he found that there was a polarity, the galvanometer basically did not move, and the polarity was replaced, and the galvanometer was significantly deflected.

Lin Xizheng was surprised by the speed of the craftsmanship in the car, and Yang Yuxiu next to him saw it and whispered: "Venerable Master, you have been painting for more than two hours, and the master of the car is holding back his strength to give you a big move, bright kung fu." ”

Mi Sanmei waved her hand proudly, and several palace maids carried out all the things that Lin Xi had ordered to do just now.

Lin Xi was overjoyed, the development of the handicraft industry of the Great Song Dynasty was the best in the world at that time, and now it seems that it really has something to rely on.

At that moment, he called the car and Liu Ci to the front and watched him assemble the radio transmitter and radio receiver.

While making modifications, a group of chickens and dogs jumped, and when the sun set in the afternoon, the radio transmitter and radio receiver were actually tuned in.

Of course, in terms of manufacturing efficiency, this is a blessing to the sky, the speed is fast, and in terms of the efficiency of using electricity, it is pitiful. In the experiment, at least three or four sets of damaged and useless equipment were lost or ineffective.

However, if it doesn't work, maybe it can be used if you change it, but if you think about it this way, it's just a judgment that something that can't be used for the time being, and it's not a loss at all.

Lin Xi was very happy, and the people on the ship were even happier, this is a naked magic technique.

The battery wears out a bit quickly, and Lin Xi wants to make a wave generator, but the magnets are not enough, let alone enough...... Wait, you can make wind turbines, wind turbines can also be electric fans, in fact, you can also make motors, power units.

Fortunately, the silicon steel sheet is so-so.

At this time, Zi Ding hurriedly ran down, entered the cabin, and said angrily: "Enlightened lords, the Kong Ming lantern has been raised from the eagle's beak rock, and there is a torch team moving towards us, we should be ready to berth and land to receive supplies." ”

Lin Xi asked people to carry the megaphone, transported it outside the cabin, picked up the charcoal microphone, turned on the power, and the big speaker faced the deck, coughing first, the big speaker first made a crackling sound when the power was turned on, and then there was a huge "uh-huh." ”

The charcoal microphone and the megaphone are on.

Lin Xi said into the microphone: "Ladies and gentlemen, did you hear the voice?" ”

The square horn was three feet long, and it rolled out with a loud sound of metallic sound.

There was jubilation on the deck, and they excitedly said, "I heard, I heard!" ”

Lin Xi said to Song Qing; "Then I made eight trombone horns, mounted on a frame, and called the Nine-headed Bird. In addition, install the button on the microphone handle, press it to speak, release it and not speak, save some electricity. ”

[Note: There is a period of broadcasting horns in every village in New China, and nine large horns are often placed in one go in square activities, which are erected high, and the sound is worn very far, commonly known as the nine-headed bird. 】

Song Qing hurriedly recorded it.

Lin Xi pressed the button switch again, and said loudly: "Brothers, Eagle's Beak Rock has begun to prepare to deliver supplies to the Xuanyi, let's start work together, cheer." ”

Song Qing raised his hand and shouted: "Long live the Sacred China, long live the Venerable Master, long live the Xuanyi Army"

Lin Xi pointed the charcoal microphone at everyone, and the shout was amplified by the microphone, rolling like thunder, spreading on the sea.