First, first of all, I would like to tell you that today's chapter may not be written;

But you can't ignore black and white, and mix up this day, it's not good.

So, let's nag first.

......

Because the plot deduced in the dream the day before yesterday was too sad and depressed.

Moreover, these days, the kindergarten is preparing for the annual inspection, there are a lot of miscellaneous things, and the mood is not easy to adjust.

When I got up this morning, I told my wife that I really didn't want to let the Xuanyi be so sad.

But everyone still has to go to work, so no one really cares too much.

So I need to sort out my mood and maybe I won't end up writing the original plot.

......

A good writer is probably a sentimental person, and his emotional experience is not rich, and his empathy experience with others will be reduced in proportion.

Of course, it does not mean that there are too few types of emotional genealogy, or that those who are too narrow cannot write, or that they cannot write good works, nor does it mean that they do not sell well—all things that satisfy bad preferences and secret inner satisfaction are often slower and more difficult to spread than truth, goodness, justice, and wisdom.

When writing is called industrialization, industrialization, and clustering, someone in the writing process needs to be good at a certain part, or even better at finding something, if not good at others, they may appear more professional and easier to be positioned and priced by the market......

I hope that this story will have rich twists and turns that are close to the real human nature and historical atmosphere, and I am slightly sensitive, and I have changed the way of writing in pure white, and the emotions in the interpretation of the storyline will also have a considerable impact on me.

......

I'll try my best to adjust quickly, after all, there are so many things, and fiction is not the whole of life.

[Note: Frequently used...... Line breaking, because in the release software, they will automatically delete the blank line, so they can't be divided into paragraphs like normal writing, and there are a lot of tones or emotions, which can't be presented. 】

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Second, by the way, a bad thing that I actually encountered in life, since I have encountered it, I will also say that it seems that the matter is very small, and the liability risk is almost infinite.

There was a principal who went to an insurance company to take the student's school liability insurance, and then, persuaded by the insurance salesman with a few words, took the official seal and stamped a few blank pieces of paper! It is said that it will be one more run to change the contract items in the future!

The director came back and said that at that time, I also felt that it was a little wrong, so I didn't cover too much

......

First of all, this insurance is very important to the school, not because the amount is large, but because it is of great significance for the legal risk exemption of the kindergarten.

In a sense, (because the policies vary slightly from place to place and time to period), if students are not insured by this insurance, the school has almost unlimited liability if the student has an accident at school – at least it can be refuted that the school has not fulfilled its basic responsibilities.

Private schools, especially kindergartens, are a very vulnerable group, of course, this is true for those who want to run kindergartens well.

As long as anyone sits at the entrance of the kindergarten or puts up a banner or complains casually, the interference with the kindergarten and the inspection will be very large.

Of course, there are many inspections and supervision of kindergartens, and joint law enforcement.

Our kindergarten in Beijing seems to have started around 2008, and the police have been staying at the school gate every time they go up and down, which is a job.

When we come to Langfang to open a kindergarten, this kind of good thing will be gone, and the regional development will be different.

In a word, the safety of the kindergarten is very important, and the safety and security measures must be thoughtful and complete.

......

Now our director stamps the official seal on the blank paper, which is legally carte blanche, and the person who holds this blank piece of paper can do anything, such as writing the arrears note, such as 10 million \/\/ or a small goal, writing the transfer agreement, signing the debt contract, and guarantee......

Normal kindergarten is not a limited company, is a non-enterprise registered with the Civil Affairs Bureau, partnership kindergarten in the liability is similar to the self-employed - bear unlimited liability, that is, lose all the kindergarten, you can continue to recover personal property, personal property recovery is still insufficient, salary, pension, inheritance can also be pursued.

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Third, answer some readers' big letters about things that have nothing to do with kindergarten teachers

has a relationship, the first chapter will tell you that Lin Xi is taking the children to train outside.

Then, maybe this is not the usual preschool teacher in everyone's concept, but the whole thing that runs through the back is a teacher who has been engaged in early childhood education for a long time and is a front-line education.

Therefore, some judges may feel that this is not "what they think or imagine" preschool teachers, which are called stereotypes in psychology, such as those who seem to be soft-spoken, such as singing and dancing, and the cognitive range is very narrow and silly.

It should be said that there are definitely some such teachers in the social impression.

Of course, there are all kinds of criminals who wear the professional color of preschool teachers (some are relatively normal before committing crimes), after all, every preschool teacher also comes from a baby, and the baby has to be sure that the future is a criminal? Current technology and ethics are not very supportive of this.

So, why don't there be teachers who are knowledgeable, experienced, and emotionally sincere?

Is it possible to have preschool teachers who are not popular and limited to selling imagination?

I think there is.

......

Now that we are alive, it is not convenient for us to mention, talk about the world's recognized early childhood education masters, and see if they can only be like the preschool teachers that everyone imagines?

For example: Rousseau (Nature Education)

Naturalistic educational theories are the main body of Rousseau's educational thought, which was concentrated in Emile published in 1762. Goethe called the book a natural benefit of education, Kant forgot about his habit of taking regular walks for more than a decade because of reading Emile, and Schiller called Rousseau the new Socrates, the man Jesus simulated.

According to Rousseau, there are three sources of human education. That is, "natural nature", "things" and "artificial", only a good combination of the three types of education can achieve the desired purpose.

The ultimate goal of natural education is the "natural person", who is not a degenerate person who returns to the primitive society, but a natural person who lives in the society, that is, a new person who is both physically and mentally healthy, has a good conscience and has a strong ability.

A necessary premise of Rousseau's natural education is to change the child's perception.

Children should not be seen as slaves to be disciplined, nor as reduced adults, but as adults and children as children.

He proposed the method of natural consequences - self-reaping the consequences [my own theory and application of natural education, expressed as the role of feedback causality].

Think about it, what a simple truth - think about how the lawless bear children are born now, so many laws protect bullies who bully or even kill classmates, China and Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea Until now, at least before 2019, because this year is not over, I don't know if the law will really be amended to make the bully bear the same amount of loss as the bullied, but it is very likely that in the next 100 years, unless there is a fundamental change in legislative thinking, there is not much hope for the improvement of this situation. Of course, this is not to say that there will not be partial or expressive improvements. In 2018, there was such a course on psychological injury in children, and the conclusions reached by our group were quite uncomfortable anyway.

Recently, it has been proposed that 12-year-olds should also be responsible, and of course, children's behavior and habits themselves are largely learned, and this learning comes from the whole society with which he is exposed and understood, including parents, families, neighbors, schools, entertainment, and even more and more social environments.

School bullying is often targeted at individuals by groups, and there are not a few people who die, and major psychological injuries abound, and this early psychological trauma has a huge impact on people's lifetimes。。。。。。。

So could Rousseau do something else?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778),

Rousseau was born into a poor family in Geneva, Switzerland, and worked as an apprentice, servant, private secretary, and music score scribe. A life of displacement and hardship.

Then, postmortem labels include –

French eighteenth-century Enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator, writer, democratic political theorist and the founder of the romantic literary genre, one of the representatives of the Enlightenment.

Rousseau was spurned during his lifetime, but worshipped after his death. Rousseau was buried in the Panthéon in Paris.

On December 21, 1791, the National Convention voted to erect a statue of Rousseau, the symbol of the Revolution, with a golden inscription - "Founder of Liberty".

Rousseau's doctrine had a great influence on later generations. Politically, his anti-feudal and anti-authoritarian spirit influenced the bourgeois liberal democratic tradition, and his literary creation also had a distinct democratic tendency, which also deeply influenced many later writers. [7

Rousseau's ideas of returning to nature, advocating self, and exalting emotions directly led to the European Romantic literature of the 19th century. Many poets and writers were influenced by him, and even Goethe, Hugo, George Sand, and Tolstoy all claimed to be disciples of Rousseau without exception.

His main works include On the Origin and Basis of Human Inequality, The Social Contract, Emile, Confessions, The New Eloise, and Botanical Correspondence.

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Another example is Montessori:

Maria Montessori (Italian: Maria Montessori, August 31, 1870 – May 6, 1952), the founder of the Montessori method, was an Italian early childhood educator.

Can she do something different from what everyone thinks of as a preschool teacher? - The first female doctor in Italy, the first female doctor of medicine in Italy, a feminist.

Her approach to education is based on the spontaneous learning behaviour of children that she has observed in the course of working with children. He advocated that schools should design tailor-made environments for children, and put forward concepts such as "absorbent mind" and "sensitive period".

He is the author of: "Discovering Children", "Secrets of Childhood", "Absorbing Minds", and "Educational Anthropology".

During his tenure as a physician assistant (1896-1898), Montessori was primarily responsible for treating mentally retarded children.

By the way, I would also like to mention the educational ideas that Montessori cares about - it may be different from the one that stands out in Montessori kindergarten and even operates differently:

The discipline of life is order; The discipline of the intellect is concentration; The discipline of behavior is obedience.

The child does not judge himself, he judges himself by the attitude of others towards him.

Adults cannot directly help children form themselves, because that is a natural work; But the adult must know how to carefully respect the achievement of this goal, that is, to provide the child with the materials necessary for his formation that he does not have access to.

The love that comes from mothers and preschool teachers is almost divine.

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Another example is Dewey:

John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952),

In 1894, Dewey and his wife founded the Experimental Primary School.

Dewey's main views on children's education:

1. Education is life

According to Dewey, education is the process of a child's life, not a preparation for future life. He said: Life is development, and continuous development and growth is life. Therefore, the best education is "learning from life and learning from experience". Education is about providing children with the conditions to grow up or live to the fullest.

Since life is growth, and children's development is the process of primitive instinctive growth, Dewey emphasized: "Growth is the characteristic of life, so education is growth." In his view, education is not about forcing children to absorb what is outside, but about enabling the innate ability of human beings to grow.

Thus, Dewey believed that the process of education has no purpose outside of itself, and that the purpose of education lies in the process of education. In fact, he objected to the imposition of an externally imposed purpose as the formal goal of a child's development.

2. School is society

Dewey believed that since education is a process of social life, then school is a form of social life. He stressed that the school should "be a small society, a embryonic society." "In schools, the real social life should be reduced to a rudimentary state, and the social life of children should be presented. As far as the specific requirements of "school is society" are concerned, Dewey proposed that, first, the school itself must be a kind of social life, with the full meaning of social life; Second, on-campus learning should be linked to off-campus learning, and there should be free interaction between the two.

3. Child-centered

Although Dewey was not the originator of the idea of "child-centeredness," he did endorse it. The most typical passage is: "The coup d'état that will be caused in our education is a shift in the center of gravity." It's a revolution, it's a revolution, it's the same revolution that Copernicus shifted the center of astronomy from the earth to the sun. Here, children are at the centre and educational measures are organized around them.

4. Ethical theories of children's education

Dewey's ethical theory holds that thinking is not a passive activity, not an inference from some unproblematic absolute truth, but an effective tool and method for solving problems and overcoming all the difficulties we encounter in our daily lives.

From this concept of thought, it is natural that two distinct systems will arise. First, the progress of people and society depends on the active use of wisdom to solve some real and concrete problems, not on doctrines or slogans. Dewey said, "Progress is always piecemeal. It can only be sold in retail and not wholesale. This notion comes from his experimentalist philosophy. The ideological background of experimentalism (back then) was 300 years of experimental science (400 years so far) and 100 years of biological science (200 years now), that is, "biological evolution".

What else could Dewey do?

American philosopher, educator, and the epitome of pragmatism. If Peirce created the method of pragmatism and William James established the pragmatic view of truth, then Dewey built the theoretical edifice of pragmatism. He wrote extensively on science, art, religious ethics, politics, education, sociology, history, and economics, making pragmatism a cultural phenomenon unique to the United States.

The influence in China is even a little bigger,

Dewey's faculty position at Columbia University and his exposure to foreign students allowed him to influence the rest of the world with his ideas on education. Professor Ono was a Japanese student in the United States, who had been taught by John Dewey, and after receiving his doctorate, he returned to Japan and became a professor at Tokyo Imperial University, which led to Dewey's lecture at Tokyo Imperial University in 1918.

Dewey's trip to the East was a good opportunity, so five academic groups in China jointly invited him. At that time, although the Beiyang government was under the rule, there were no restrictions on the interaction between non-governmental academic societies and foreigners. Five educational groups invited him to give lectures in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and several other cities, and he accepted. The initiators of this matter were Hu Shi, Jiang Menglin, Tao Xingzhi and other disciples of Dewey, representing five groups, including the Jiangsu Provincial Education Association, Peking University, and the Peking University Zhixing Society. At the end of April, Hu Shih made a special trip from Beijing to Shanghai to welcome the Deweys. The Deweys arrived in Shanghai on April 30, 1919.

In 1919, Dewey gave lectures in Beijing, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places, with Mr. Hu Shi and others as the interpreters of the lectures, sowing the ideas of democracy and science directly in China. The Deweys had planned to return to the United States in the summer, but they changed their plans and decided to stay in China for a full year. This is because the May Fourth Movement has greatly aroused their interest, and they want to see what is going on. Columbia University granted Professor Dewey a one-year sabbatical, which was later extended to two years. So, his time in China lasted a total of two years and two months, from May 1919 to July 1921

When Dewey left Beijing and set off for China, Hu Shi wrote a short article entitled "Mr. Dewey in China", which was published in Oriental Magazine and Republic of China Daily. He said: "Since China came into contact with Western culture, no foreign scholar has had as much influence in Chinese intellectual circles as Mr. Dewey." "We can say that in the next few decades, there may not be any other Western scholar who will have a greater influence in China than Mr. Dewey."

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When I think of a possible point of contention, about early childhood education, there may also be a misunderstanding that it is only before the age of 6, which is called preschool education.

Early childhood education is the concept of kids, children, and the internationally recognized concept is 0 to 18 years old.

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Pioneers of early childhood education in China, Tao Xingzhi, Chen Heqin,

In March 1927, Xiaozhuang School, a rural normal school, was founded in Xiaozhuang, a rural normal school in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, and Yanziji Kindergarten, the first rural kindergarten, was founded.

His educational viewpoint: Life is education, "Society is school", "Teaching is unity" and other famous slogans.

Mr. Tao Xingzhi devoted his life to the cause of education and made pioneering contributions to the modernization of education in China. He not only created a complete system of educational theories, but also carried out a lot of educational practice. A careful examination of Tao Xingzhi's educational thoughts, innovation is like a golden thread, which runs through all parts of Tao Xingzhi's educational thoughts. Innovation here refers to the elimination of the "old" that does not meet the needs of the development of the times, and the creation of the "new" that is in line with social and historical progress. Innovation also has the meaning of breaking idols, breaking superstitions, breaking free from the shackles of dogma, and getting out of rigid habitual thinking.

The innovation of Tao Xingzhi's educational ideas is also reflected in the training goals. In view of the phenomenon that the old education took the cultivation of "people to be superior" as the goal, he pointed out that the new education should cultivate all-round development of "people among people". As early as when he founded Nanjing Anhui Public School, he put forward three educational goals for this school: research and learning, to have a scientific spirit; To transform the environment, there must be an aesthetic artistic conception; To deal with the situation, we must have noble moral cultivation.

What else can he do?

He was called "the great people's educator" and "the teacher of all ages" by Mao Zedong and Song Qingling.

, Chinese people's educator, thinker, great democratic fighter, patriot, one of the main leaders of the Chinese People's Salvation Association and the China Democratic League.

In 1908, at the age of seventeen, he was admitted to the Guangji Medical Hall in Hangzhou. He returned to China in the autumn of 1917 and successively served as a professor and director of academic affairs at Nanjing Higher Normal School and National Southeast University. Since 1926, the "Declaration of the China Education Improvement Society on the Transformation of National Rural Education" has been published.

In 1931, he edited the Children's Science Series.

In 1935, inspired by the "August 1 Declaration" of the Communist Party of China, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese salvation movement.

In July 1939, Yucai School was established in Chongqing, Sichuan Province to train children with special talents. In Gusheng Temple, Hechuan County, near Chongqing, Sichuan, a Yucai School was established to mainly admit refugee children.

In January 1945, he founded the Social University in Chongqing and served as its president, with Li Gongpu as vice president and provost. The purpose of the social university is that "the people create a great society, and the society becomes a university hall", and "the way of the university is to understand the morality of the people, to be close to the people, and to stop at the happiness of the people", which has effectively promoted the process of democratic education.

In January 1946, Tao Xingzhi founded a social university in Chongqing to promote democratic education. Cultivating revolutionary talents.

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Chen Heqin:

In the autumn of 1923, the Drum Tower Kindergarten was opened in his own residence in the Drum Tower in Nanjing, and the scientific and Chinese kindergarten education was experimented.

In the autumn of 1925, the new kindergarten of Gulou Kindergarten was completed, and it was named the Experimental Kindergarten of the Education Department of Southeast University. In the same year, he published "Research on Child Psychology" and "Family Education".

In February 1927, together with Tao Xingzhi and Zhang Zonglin, he founded the earliest children's education group in China, the Kindergarten Education Research Association, founded "Kindergarten Education" and served as the editor-in-chief, published "Our Proposal", and put forward 15 proposals for running a kindergarten suitable for China's national conditions. In March, he was invited to serve as the president and instructor of the Second Xiaozhuang Normal Institute (Kindergarten Normal Institute); Together with Zhang Zonglin and others, he founded the earliest rural kindergarten in China, Yanziji Kindergarten.

In the summer of 1940, he founded China's first public kindergarten normal school in Taihe, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Kindergarten Teacher, and served as the principal

What else will he do?

Educational Research and Practice: Famous Chinese child educator, child psychologist, professor, founder of modern early childhood education in China. He graduated from National Tsing Hua University in his early years, studied in the United States for five years, and received a master's degree from Columbia University in 1919. After returning to China during the May Fourth Movement, he initially worked as a professor at Nanjing Higher Normal School, teaching child psychology courses. After the establishment of Southeast University, he served as a professor and dean of academic affairs. Later, he served as the dean of the Teachers College of Central University and the president of Nanjing Normal University.

Chen Heqin put forward the theory of "living education", attaches importance to scientific experiments, and advocates that the development of children's education in China should be suitable for national conditions and conform to the laws of children's physical and mental development. Call for the establishment of a teacher training system for children's education. Dozens of kindergarten and primary school textbooks and children's extracurricular reading materials have been compiled, and toys, teaching aids and kindergarten equipment have been designed and promoted. Throughout his life, he has been engaged in a series of pioneering research and practice in early childhood education, and has written books such as "Family Education".